不同覆盖处理对油茶细根生长与死亡的影响
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摘要
[目的]研究不同覆盖处理对油茶细根生长、死亡的影响,为油茶水分管理提供依据。[方法]采用微根管动态监测技术,以"长林4号"油茶林为试材,设置了黑地膜、油茶壳、花生秆+稻草、生态膜以及对照(无覆盖)5种处理,对林地0～40 cm土壤剖面的油茶细根进行了为期1年的观测。[结果]表明:花生秆+稻草处理和黑地膜处理显著增大了油茶活细根的总根长、总根尖数以及总表面积,其中以花生秆+稻草处理最优;但对活细根平均直径的促进作用却以黑地膜最为显著。4种覆盖处理死细根的总根长、总根尖数以及总表面积均大于对照;与对照处理相比,4种覆盖处理都有助于减小死细根的直径,且差异显著。油茶活细根的总根长、总根尖数以及总表面积在3月和6—7月出现峰值;而死细根的总根长、总根尖数以及总表面积在春季变化较平缓,而后缓慢上升。油茶细根的净生长速率呈先上升后下降趋势,在5—6月出现峰值。花生秆+稻草处理和黑地膜处理显著提高了油茶细根的年净(根长)生产力,其中花生秆+稻草处理作用最为明显。[结论]夏季为油茶细根生长和死亡的高峰期,花生秆+稻草处理对促进油茶活细根根量和年净(根长)生产力的作用最显著,黑地膜处理对促进油茶活细根直径的增大效果最明显。
[Objective] To study the effects of cover treatment on the growth and death of fine root of Camellia oleifera. [Method] Using minirhizotron dynamic monitoring technology, and taking C. oleifera "Changlin 4" forest as test material, four treatments(black mulch film, Camellia shelll, peanut rod + straw, ecological film) and the control(no cover) were set up. The fine roots of C. oleifera in the 0～40 cm soil profile were observed for one year. [Result] The results indicated that the treatments of peanut stalk + straw and black mulching significantly increased the total root length, total root tip number and total surface area of the fine roots of C. oleifera, and peanut stalk + straw treatment was the best. However, the black mulch treatment had the most pronounced effects in promoting the average diameter of the live fine roots. The total root length, total root tip number and total surface area of fine roots treated with any of the four treatments were larger than that of the control. Compared with the control treatment, all the four cover treatments contributed to reducing the diameter of the dead fine roots, and the difference was significant. The total root length, total root tip number and total surface area of fine roots of C. oleifera peaked in March and June to July. The total root length, total root tip number and total surface area of the dead fine roots changed more gently in the spring and then slowly increased. The net growth rate of fine roots of C. oleifera increased at first and then decreased, peaked from May to June. The peanut stalk + straw treatment and black mulching treatment significantly increased the annual net(root length) productivity of fine roots of C. oleifera, while the treatment of peanut stalk + straw was the most obvious. [Conclusion] Summer is the peak period of fine root growth and death of C. oleifera. The peanut stalk + straw treatment has the most significant effect on promoting the fine root amount and annual net(root length) productivity of C. oleifera, and the black mulching treatment has the most obvious effect on promoting the diameter increase of fine roots of C. oleifera.
[Objective] To study the effects of cover treatment on the growth and death of fine root of Camellia oleifera. [Method] Using minirhizotron dynamic monitoring technology, and taking C. oleifera "Changlin 4" forest as test material, four treatments(black mulch film, Camellia shelll, peanut rod + straw, ecological film) and the control(no cover) were set up. The fine roots of C. oleifera in the 0～40 cm soil profile were observed for one year. [Result] The results indicated that the treatments of peanut stalk + straw and black mulching significantly increased the total root length, total root tip number and total surface area of the fine roots of C. oleifera, and peanut stalk + straw treatment was the best. However, the black mulch treatment had the most pronounced effects in promoting the average diameter of the live fine roots. The total root length, total root tip number and total surface area of fine roots treated with any of the four treatments were larger than that of the control. Compared with the control treatment, all the four cover treatments contributed to reducing the diameter of the dead fine roots, and the difference was significant. The total root length, total root tip number and total surface area of fine roots of C. oleifera peaked in March and June to July. The total root length, total root tip number and total surface area of the dead fine roots changed more gently in the spring and then slowly increased. The net growth rate of fine roots of C. oleifera increased at first and then decreased, peaked from May to June. The peanut stalk + straw treatment and black mulching treatment significantly increased the annual net(root length) productivity of fine roots of C. oleifera, while the treatment of peanut stalk + straw was the most obvious. [Conclusion] Summer is the peak period of fine root growth and death of C. oleifera. The peanut stalk + straw treatment has the most significant effect on promoting the fine root amount and annual net(root length) productivity of C. oleifera, and the black mulching treatment has the most obvious effect on promoting the diameter increase of fine roots of C. oleifera.
引文
[1] 胡冬南,牛德奎,张文元,等.钾肥水平对油茶果实性状及产量的影响[J].林业科学研究,2015,28(2):243-248.
[2] 杨永辉,武继承,赵世伟,等.不同保墒与土壤结构改良措施对土壤结构及小麦、玉米水分利用的影响[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(2):220-227.
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[4] 曹振凯.地膜及秸秆覆盖对土壤水热和作物生长的影响[D].西安:西北农林科技大学,2015.
[5] 沈必满,金朝满,陈德堂.地膜覆盖技术在油茶生产中的应用试验[J].安徽农学通报,2013,19(7):93-98.
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[7] 田日昌,陈洪松,王克林.雨季红壤坡地油茶林土壤水势变化特征及耗水规律[J].生态与农村环境学报,2008(3):39-44.
[8] 赵睿宇.地表覆盖对毛竹林土壤有机碳及酶活性的影响[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2017.
[9] 赵德铭,张育丽,徐雅光,等.不同覆盖措施对枣园土壤水分和温度的影响[J].塔里木大学学报,2014,26(3):74-78.
[10] 王玉娟,陈永忠,王湘南.稻草覆盖对油茶幼林林地土壤温度及新梢的影响[J].经济林研究,2009,27(2):49-52.
[11] 殷涛,何文清,严昌荣,等.地膜秸秆双覆盖对免耕种植玉米田土壤水热效应的影响[J].农业工程报,2014,30(19):78-87.
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[13] Chen X Y,Eamus D,Hutley L B.Seasonal patterns of fine-root productivity and turnover in a tropical savanna of northern Australia[J].Journal of Tropic Ecology,2004,20(2):221-224.
[14] 牛学礼,南志标.运用微根管技术研究草地植物细根的进展[J].草业学报,2017,26(11):205-215.
[15] 张志山,李新荣,张景光,等.用Minirhizotrons观测柠条根系生长动态[J].植物生态学报,2006,30(3):45-464.
[16] 史建伟,王政权,于水强等.落叶松和水曲柳人工林细根生长、死亡和周转[J].植物生态学报,2007,31(2)333-342.
[17] Burton A J,Pregitzer K S,Hendrick R L.Relationships between fine root dynamics and nitrogen availability in Michigan northern hardwood forests[J].Oecologia,2000,125(3):389-399.
[18] 李帅锋,贾呈鑫卓,杨利华,等.林龄对思茅松人工林根系生物量的影响[J].林业科学研究,2018,31(2):26-33.
[19] Burke M K.Raynal D J.Fine root growth phenology,production and turnover in a northern hardwood forest ecosystem[J].Plant and Soil,1994,162(1):135-146.
[20] Wardle D A,Bardgett R D,Klironomos J N,et al.Ecological linkages between aboveground and below ground biota[J].Science,2004,304(5677):1629-1633.
[21] Zhang X Q,Wu K H,Murach D.A review of methods for fine-root production and turnover of trees[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2000,20(5):815-883.
[22] 王孟本,荀俊杰,陈建文,等.晋西北黄土区幼龄柠条细根的净生长速率[J].生态学报,2010,30(5):1117-1124.
[23] 袁军,谭晓风,袁德义,等.油茶根系分布规律调查研究[J].浙江林业科技,2009,29(4):30-32.
[24] 习金根,吴浩,王一承,等.花生秸秆覆盖栽培对菠萝生长的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(27):14915-14916.
[25] 吕小荣,努尔夏提·朱马西,吕小莲.我国秸秆还田技术现状与发展前景[J].现代化农业,2004,(9):41-42.
[26] 刘文乾,杨富位,杨俊伟.半干旱山区冬小麦秸秆覆盖栽培条件下土壤水分及增产效果研究[J].甘肃农业,2004,(2):30.
[27] 张喜英,陈素英,裴冬,等.秸秆覆盖下的夏玉米蒸散、水分利用效率和作物系数的变化[J].地理科学进展,2002.21(6):583-592.
[28] Muliele M T,Bielders C L,van Asten P J A.Short- and medium-term impact of manual tillage and no-tillage with mulching on banana roots and yields in banana-bean intercropping systems in the East African Highlands[J].Field Crops Research.2015,171:1-10.
[29] 陈素英,张喜英,刘孟雨.玉米秸秆覆盖麦田下的土壤温度和土壤水分动态规律[J].中国农业气象,2002,23(4):35-38.
[30] 付鑫,王俊,张祺,等.秸秆和地膜覆盖对渭北旱作玉米农田土壤氮组分与产量的影响[J/OL].生态学报,2018(19):1-8.
[31] Sánchez-Calderón L,López-Bucio J,Chacón-López A,et al.Phosphate starvation induces a determinate developmental program in the roots of Arabidopsis thaliana[J].Plant Cell Physiol,2005,46(1):174-184.
[32] 张小全.环境因子对树木细根生物量、生产与周转的影响[J].林业科学研究,2001,14(5):566-573.
[33] Farrar J F,Jones D L.The control of carbon acquisition by roots.New Phytologist,2000,147(1):43-53.
[34] Shin R,Schachtman D P.Hydrogen peroxide mediates plant root cell response to nutrient deprivation[J].Proc Natl Acad,2004,101(23):8827-8832.
[2] 杨永辉,武继承,赵世伟,等.不同保墒与土壤结构改良措施对土壤结构及小麦、玉米水分利用的影响[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(2):220-227.
[3] Hipps N A,Davies M J,Johnson D S.Effects of different ground vegetation management systems on soil quality,growth and fruit quality of culinary aplle trees[J].Journal of Pomology & Horticulture Science,2004,79(4):610-618.
[4] 曹振凯.地膜及秸秆覆盖对土壤水热和作物生长的影响[D].西安:西北农林科技大学,2015.
[5] 沈必满,金朝满,陈德堂.地膜覆盖技术在油茶生产中的应用试验[J].安徽农学通报,2013,19(7):93-98.
[6] 王玉娟.油茶林地覆盖和间种对土壌理化性质及幼林生长的影响[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2009:15-45.
[7] 田日昌,陈洪松,王克林.雨季红壤坡地油茶林土壤水势变化特征及耗水规律[J].生态与农村环境学报,2008(3):39-44.
[8] 赵睿宇.地表覆盖对毛竹林土壤有机碳及酶活性的影响[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2017.
[9] 赵德铭,张育丽,徐雅光,等.不同覆盖措施对枣园土壤水分和温度的影响[J].塔里木大学学报,2014,26(3):74-78.
[10] 王玉娟,陈永忠,王湘南.稻草覆盖对油茶幼林林地土壤温度及新梢的影响[J].经济林研究,2009,27(2):49-52.
[11] 殷涛,何文清,严昌荣,等.地膜秸秆双覆盖对免耕种植玉米田土壤水热效应的影响[J].农业工程报,2014,30(19):78-87.
[12] Shibata H,Hiura T,Tanaka Y,et al.Carbon cycling and budget in a forested basin of southwestern Hokkaido,northern Japan[J].Ecological Research,2005,20(3):325-331.
[13] Chen X Y,Eamus D,Hutley L B.Seasonal patterns of fine-root productivity and turnover in a tropical savanna of northern Australia[J].Journal of Tropic Ecology,2004,20(2):221-224.
[14] 牛学礼,南志标.运用微根管技术研究草地植物细根的进展[J].草业学报,2017,26(11):205-215.
[15] 张志山,李新荣,张景光,等.用Minirhizotrons观测柠条根系生长动态[J].植物生态学报,2006,30(3):45-464.
[16] 史建伟,王政权,于水强等.落叶松和水曲柳人工林细根生长、死亡和周转[J].植物生态学报,2007,31(2)333-342.
[17] Burton A J,Pregitzer K S,Hendrick R L.Relationships between fine root dynamics and nitrogen availability in Michigan northern hardwood forests[J].Oecologia,2000,125(3):389-399.
[18] 李帅锋,贾呈鑫卓,杨利华,等.林龄对思茅松人工林根系生物量的影响[J].林业科学研究,2018,31(2):26-33.
[19] Burke M K.Raynal D J.Fine root growth phenology,production and turnover in a northern hardwood forest ecosystem[J].Plant and Soil,1994,162(1):135-146.
[20] Wardle D A,Bardgett R D,Klironomos J N,et al.Ecological linkages between aboveground and below ground biota[J].Science,2004,304(5677):1629-1633.
[21] Zhang X Q,Wu K H,Murach D.A review of methods for fine-root production and turnover of trees[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2000,20(5):815-883.
[22] 王孟本,荀俊杰,陈建文,等.晋西北黄土区幼龄柠条细根的净生长速率[J].生态学报,2010,30(5):1117-1124.
[23] 袁军,谭晓风,袁德义,等.油茶根系分布规律调查研究[J].浙江林业科技,2009,29(4):30-32.
[24] 习金根,吴浩,王一承,等.花生秸秆覆盖栽培对菠萝生长的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(27):14915-14916.
[25] 吕小荣,努尔夏提·朱马西,吕小莲.我国秸秆还田技术现状与发展前景[J].现代化农业,2004,(9):41-42.
[26] 刘文乾,杨富位,杨俊伟.半干旱山区冬小麦秸秆覆盖栽培条件下土壤水分及增产效果研究[J].甘肃农业,2004,(2):30.
[27] 张喜英,陈素英,裴冬,等.秸秆覆盖下的夏玉米蒸散、水分利用效率和作物系数的变化[J].地理科学进展,2002.21(6):583-592.
[28] Muliele M T,Bielders C L,van Asten P J A.Short- and medium-term impact of manual tillage and no-tillage with mulching on banana roots and yields in banana-bean intercropping systems in the East African Highlands[J].Field Crops Research.2015,171:1-10.
[29] 陈素英,张喜英,刘孟雨.玉米秸秆覆盖麦田下的土壤温度和土壤水分动态规律[J].中国农业气象,2002,23(4):35-38.
[30] 付鑫,王俊,张祺,等.秸秆和地膜覆盖对渭北旱作玉米农田土壤氮组分与产量的影响[J/OL].生态学报,2018(19):1-8.
[31] Sánchez-Calderón L,López-Bucio J,Chacón-López A,et al.Phosphate starvation induces a determinate developmental program in the roots of Arabidopsis thaliana[J].Plant Cell Physiol,2005,46(1):174-184.
[32] 张小全.环境因子对树木细根生物量、生产与周转的影响[J].林业科学研究,2001,14(5):566-573.
[33] Farrar J F,Jones D L.The control of carbon acquisition by roots.New Phytologist,2000,147(1):43-53.
[34] Shin R,Schachtman D P.Hydrogen peroxide mediates plant root cell response to nutrient deprivation[J].Proc Natl Acad,2004,101(23):8827-8832.