职业病危害事故调查处理的难点分析
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摘要
我国群发性职业病事件受到广泛关注,但职业病危害事故调查没有可依据的法规及政策性文件。现通过查阅相关领域事故文件,结合实际工作中存在的困难,针对职业病危害事故的定义、范围和特点,等级的划分及依据和调查过程中事故的报告、取证、结果落实等方面存在的难点进行分析,比较相关文件中职业病危害事故的定义及范围、事故等级的划分及依据,剖析目前职业病报告及取证存在的问题,提出建议。职业病危害事故不仅包括急性职业病,还应包括慢性职业病;等级划分时以1年为时间单位统计发病人数,同时还应考虑企业的规模、发病率等因素;理顺职业病上报途径等,以期为制定相关文件提供一些解决问题的新思路。
Occupational disease events attract much attention in our country, but the laws and normative documents of occupational-disease-inductive events investigation are lacked.By referring to accident documents in related fields and considering the difficulties existing in practical work, the authors analyze the difficulties about occupational disease events from several aspects as follows: the definition, scope and characteristics of occupational disease events, division of events grade and its basis, the reports of events, investigation and evidence collection.The paper compares the definition and scope, division of events grade and its basis of occupational-disease-inductive events in relevant documents, and analyses the existing problems in occupational disease reporting and obtain evidence.Then the authors provide some ideas of solving the problems: occupational-disease-inductive accidents should include chronic occupational disease, it take one year as time unit to count that number of pathogenesis and take into consideration the scale of the enterprise and morbidity of workers, reporting of occupational diseases should be rationalized, so as to provide some ideas to solve the problems for the formulation of relevant documents.
Occupational disease events attract much attention in our country, but the laws and normative documents of occupational-disease-inductive events investigation are lacked.By referring to accident documents in related fields and considering the difficulties existing in practical work, the authors analyze the difficulties about occupational disease events from several aspects as follows: the definition, scope and characteristics of occupational disease events, division of events grade and its basis, the reports of events, investigation and evidence collection.The paper compares the definition and scope, division of events grade and its basis of occupational-disease-inductive events in relevant documents, and analyses the existing problems in occupational disease reporting and obtain evidence.Then the authors provide some ideas of solving the problems: occupational-disease-inductive accidents should include chronic occupational disease, it take one year as time unit to count that number of pathogenesis and take into consideration the scale of the enterprise and morbidity of workers, reporting of occupational diseases should be rationalized, so as to provide some ideas to solve the problems for the formulation of relevant documents.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国中央人民政府.安全生产事故报告和调查处理条例:中华人民共和国国务院令第493号[EB/OL].(2007-04-19)[2018-10-22].http://www.gov.cn/ziliao/flfg/2007-04/19/content_589264.htm.
[2]中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会常务委员会.中华人民共和国职业病防治法[S].北京:中国法制出版社,2016:6-39.
[3]中华人民共和国卫生部.职业卫生名词术语:GBZ/T 224-2010[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2010:1.
[4]国家卫生计生委疾病预防控制局.国家卫生计生委等4部门关于印发《职业病分类和目录》的通知:国卫疾控发[2013]48号[EB/OL].(2013-12-30)[2018-10-22].http://www.nhfpc.gov.cn/jkj/s5898b/201312/3abbd667050849d19b3bf6439a48b775.shtml.
[5]彭仁和.职业病危害事故的应急处置与预防[J].湖南安全与防灾,2015(7):38-39.
[6]中华人民共和国中央人民政府.职业病危害事故调查处理办法:中华人民共和国卫生部令第25号[EB/OL].(2002-03-28)[2018-10-22].http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2003/content_62575.htm.
[7]陈艳芹,张娟,何珍.2006-2010年山东省新发尘肺病分布特征分析[J].中国职业医学,2015,42(3):348-350.
[8]李伟均,丘创逸,张东辉,等.某宝石加工厂矽肺的调查分析[J].中国职业医学,2004,31(4):5-7.
[9]杨秋月,王海椒.2002-2016年中国职业人群矽肺患病率的Meta分析[J].中国工业医学.2018,31(4):307-308.
[10]中华人民共和国中央人民政府.突发公共卫生事件应急条例:中华人民共和国国务院令第376号[EB/OL].(2005-05-20)[2018-10-22].http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2005-05/20/content_145.htm.
[11]中华人民共和国中央人民政府.突发环境事件应急管理办法:中华人民共和国环境保护部令第34号[EB/OL].(2015-04-16)[2018-10-22].http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2015/content_2901378.htm.
[12]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.国家突发公共事件医疗卫生救援应急预案[EB/OL].(2006-02-28)[2018-10-22].http://www.nhfpc.gov.cn/mohwsyjbgs/s6777/200804/31301.shtml.
[13]张忠彬,陈刚,张圆媛.我国职业病危害防治现状、问题与对策探讨[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2014,10(S1):51-54.
[14]林琳,肖培.职业病报告漏报调查方法探讨[J].中国预防医学杂志,2015,16(6):496-498.
[15]樊春月,李旭东,温薇,等.2009至2014年广东省职业病防治院136例职业病诊断现场调查病例分析[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2016,34(4):278-282.
[16]张志友,徐建军.尘肺病人牛凤祥的工伤维权路[J].劳动保护,2017(6):62-64.
[2]中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会常务委员会.中华人民共和国职业病防治法[S].北京:中国法制出版社,2016:6-39.
[3]中华人民共和国卫生部.职业卫生名词术语:GBZ/T 224-2010[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2010:1.
[4]国家卫生计生委疾病预防控制局.国家卫生计生委等4部门关于印发《职业病分类和目录》的通知:国卫疾控发[2013]48号[EB/OL].(2013-12-30)[2018-10-22].http://www.nhfpc.gov.cn/jkj/s5898b/201312/3abbd667050849d19b3bf6439a48b775.shtml.
[5]彭仁和.职业病危害事故的应急处置与预防[J].湖南安全与防灾,2015(7):38-39.
[6]中华人民共和国中央人民政府.职业病危害事故调查处理办法:中华人民共和国卫生部令第25号[EB/OL].(2002-03-28)[2018-10-22].http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2003/content_62575.htm.
[7]陈艳芹,张娟,何珍.2006-2010年山东省新发尘肺病分布特征分析[J].中国职业医学,2015,42(3):348-350.
[8]李伟均,丘创逸,张东辉,等.某宝石加工厂矽肺的调查分析[J].中国职业医学,2004,31(4):5-7.
[9]杨秋月,王海椒.2002-2016年中国职业人群矽肺患病率的Meta分析[J].中国工业医学.2018,31(4):307-308.
[10]中华人民共和国中央人民政府.突发公共卫生事件应急条例:中华人民共和国国务院令第376号[EB/OL].(2005-05-20)[2018-10-22].http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2005-05/20/content_145.htm.
[11]中华人民共和国中央人民政府.突发环境事件应急管理办法:中华人民共和国环境保护部令第34号[EB/OL].(2015-04-16)[2018-10-22].http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2015/content_2901378.htm.
[12]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.国家突发公共事件医疗卫生救援应急预案[EB/OL].(2006-02-28)[2018-10-22].http://www.nhfpc.gov.cn/mohwsyjbgs/s6777/200804/31301.shtml.
[13]张忠彬,陈刚,张圆媛.我国职业病危害防治现状、问题与对策探讨[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2014,10(S1):51-54.
[14]林琳,肖培.职业病报告漏报调查方法探讨[J].中国预防医学杂志,2015,16(6):496-498.
[15]樊春月,李旭东,温薇,等.2009至2014年广东省职业病防治院136例职业病诊断现场调查病例分析[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2016,34(4):278-282.
[16]张志友,徐建军.尘肺病人牛凤祥的工伤维权路[J].劳动保护,2017(6):62-64.