李冰治水神化原因探析
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摘要
公元前256年,李冰在成都平原修建了世界上使用年代最久、唯一留存、以无坝引水为特征的水利工程都江堰。都江堰建成后泽披万代,成都平原逐步发展为最富盛名的"天府之国",繁荣至今。都江堰是中国传统的"水利文化"的集大成者,都江堰与李冰治水的故事被后世传颂衍伸出了一系列神话故事。该文结合文献史料和历史背景对治水英雄李冰治水神化原因进行初步探讨。
In 256 BC, Li Bing built the Dujiangyan Irrigation Project in Chengdu Plain,the oldest and the only one which preserved in the world now, characterized by no dam diversion.After the completion of Dujiangyan,Chengdu plain gradually developed into the most famous "Land of Abundances".Dujiangyan is a collection of Chinese traditional "water conservancy culture",and stories of Dujiangyan and Li Bing tames flood were extended to a series of mythical stories by later generations.This article will discuss the reason of deifying of Li Bing tames flood which based on the historical background.
In 256 BC, Li Bing built the Dujiangyan Irrigation Project in Chengdu Plain,the oldest and the only one which preserved in the world now, characterized by no dam diversion.After the completion of Dujiangyan,Chengdu plain gradually developed into the most famous "Land of Abundances".Dujiangyan is a collection of Chinese traditional "water conservancy culture",and stories of Dujiangyan and Li Bing tames flood were extended to a series of mythical stories by later generations.This article will discuss the reason of deifying of Li Bing tames flood which based on the historical background.
引文
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[3][7][10]常璩.华阳国志[M].成都时代出版社,2007.
[4]周九香.试论都江堰修建与李冰崇拜[J].中国史研究,1994,(1).
[5]班固.汉书(卷二十九)·沟洫志(第九)[M].中华书局,1999.
[6]李昉,李穆,徐铉等.太平御览(卷七十五)·地部四十渠引崔寔·政论[A].冯广宏,袁苹.都江堰文献集成:历史文献卷(先秦至清代)[C].四川出版集团巴蜀书社,2007.
[8]郦道元.水经注(卷三十三)·江水一[M].中华书局,1999.
[9]应劭.风俗通义校注[M].中华书局,1981.
[11]申及甫.李冰由人到神成因探析[J].文史杂志,2003,(1).
[12]杨慎.全蜀艺文志[M].线装书局,2003.
[13]袁说友.成都文类[M].中华书局,2011.
[14][15][19][20][21]冯广宏,袁苹.都江堰文献集成:历史文献卷(先秦至清代)[M].四川出版集团巴蜀书社,2007.
[16]欧阳询.艺文类聚(上、下册)[M].上海古籍出版社,1985.
[17]李吉甫.元和郡县志[M].中华书局,769.
[18]欧阳忞.舆地广记[M].四川大学出版社,2003.
[22]曹学佺.蜀中名胜记[M].重庆出版社,1984.
[23]司马迁.史记(卷二十九)·河渠书(第七)[M].中华书局,1959.
[24]李华强.从人类学角度看都江堰地区水文化建设[D].四川大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[25]谭徐明.都江堰史[M].科学出版社,2004.
[26]罗开玉.中国科学神话宗教的协和——以李冰为中心[M].巴蜀书社,1990.
[27]黎靖德.朱子语类[M].中华书局,2007.
[28]张澍.蜀典.续修四库全书·史部·地理类[M].上海古籍出版社,2002.
[29]罗荣泉.李冰的神化与蜀王杜宇的冤案[J].贵州文史论丛,1986,(3).
[30]罗开玉.中国科学神话宗教的协和——以李冰为中心[M].巴蜀书社,1990.
[31]丁若木.都江堰神祠与道教[J].宗教学研究,1994,(4).