饲粮2-羟基-4-(甲硫基)丁酸异丙酯添加水平对山羊生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及血清生化指标和激素水平的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究饲粮2-羟基-4-(甲硫基)丁酸异丙酯(HMBi)添加水平对山羊生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及血清生化指标和激素水平的影响,以确定山羊饲粮中HMBi的最佳添加水平。选择36只2.5月龄左右、平均体重为(13.33±1.71)kg的山羊,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复3只(公阉羊1只,母羊2只),各组山羊分别饲喂HMBi添加水平为0(对照组)、0.05%、0.10%、0.20%(干物质基础)的试验饲粮。预试期10 d,正试期40 d。结果显示:1)0.10%组山羊的平均日增重最高,为158.89 g/d,料重比最低,为4.82,经济效益最佳,且其平均日增重和毛收益均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),0.20%组、0.50%组和对照组的平均日增重分别为141.11、140.56、119.44 g/d。2)干物质、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和消化能表观消化率各组间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。0.10%组的粗蛋白质表观消化率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。3)试验第1天,各组山羊血清尿素氮(UN)、葡萄糖(GLU)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、游离脂肪酸(NEFA)、总氨基酸(TAA)含量及生长激素(GH)与类胰岛素生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)水平均无显著差异(P>0.05)。试验第31天,0.20%组山羊血清TG含量显著高于其他3组(P<0.05);0.20%组山羊血清TC含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05);0.20%组山羊血清NEFA含量极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),显著高于0.05%组(P<0.05);0.05%、0.10%和0.20%组山羊血清TAA含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);0.05%和0.10%组血清GH水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05),0.20%组血清GH水平与对照组相比有增加的趋势(P=0.084);血清IGF-Ⅰ水平各组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。由此说明,饲粮中添加HMBi有利于提高山羊对蛋白质的消化利用,促进山羊生长,且添加水平为0.10%(干物质基础)时经济效益最佳。
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of 2-hydroxy-4-( methylthio) butanoic acid isopropyl ester( HMBi) supplementaal level on growth performance,nutrient apparent digestibility,serum biochemical indices and hormone levels of goats,aiming to determine the optimal supplemental level of HMBi in diets for goats. Thirty-six goats of about 2.5-month-old with an average body weight of( 13.33 ± 1.71) kg were randomly assigned to 4 groups with 3 replicates within each group,and one male goat and two female goats within each replicate. The goats in the 4 groups were fed the experimental diets containing 0( control group),0.05%,0.10% and 0. 20% HMBi on dry matter basis,respectively. The pre-experiment lasted for 10 days,and the formal experiment lasted for 40 days. The results showed as follows: 1) the average daily gain of the control group,0.05% group,0.10% group and 0.20% group was 119.44,140.56,158.89 and 141.11 g/d,respectively. The 0.10% group had the greatest average daily gain,the lowest feed/gain of 4.82,and the best economic benefit. The average daily gain and gross returns of the 0.10% group were significantly greater than those of the control group( P< 0.05). 2) No significant differences were found in apparent digestibility of dry matter,neutral detergent fiber,acid detergent fiber and digestible energy among groups( P> 0.05). The apparent digestibility of crude protein of the 0.10% group was significantly higher than that of the control group( P<0. 05). 3) There were no significant differences among all groups on the 1 st day of the test in terms of the contents of urea nitrogen,glucose,triglycerides,total cholesterin,non-esterified fatty acid,total amino acid,and the levels of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 in serum( P> 0.05). On the 31 st day of the test,the serum triglycerides content of the 0.20% group was significantly higher than that of the other three groups( P<0.05); the serum total cholesterin content of the 0.20% group was significantly lower than that of the control group( P < 0. 05); the serum non-esterified fatty acid content of the 0. 20% group was significantly higher than that of the control group( P< 0.01) and the 0.05% group( P < 0. 05); the serum total amino acid content of the control group was significantly lower than that of the other groups( P< 0.05); the serum growth hormone level of the control group was significantly lower than that of the 0. 05% and 0. 10% groups( P <0.05); the 0.20% group tended to increase serum growth hormone level compared with the control group( P =0.084); there was no significant difference in serum insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ level among all groups( P>0.05). It is concluded that dietary supplementation of HMBi can improve the digestive utilization of protein,and then promote the growth of goats. Moreover,supplementation of 0. 10% HMBi on the dry matter basis shows the best economic benefits.
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of 2-hydroxy-4-( methylthio) butanoic acid isopropyl ester( HMBi) supplementaal level on growth performance,nutrient apparent digestibility,serum biochemical indices and hormone levels of goats,aiming to determine the optimal supplemental level of HMBi in diets for goats. Thirty-six goats of about 2.5-month-old with an average body weight of( 13.33 ± 1.71) kg were randomly assigned to 4 groups with 3 replicates within each group,and one male goat and two female goats within each replicate. The goats in the 4 groups were fed the experimental diets containing 0( control group),0.05%,0.10% and 0. 20% HMBi on dry matter basis,respectively. The pre-experiment lasted for 10 days,and the formal experiment lasted for 40 days. The results showed as follows: 1) the average daily gain of the control group,0.05% group,0.10% group and 0.20% group was 119.44,140.56,158.89 and 141.11 g/d,respectively. The 0.10% group had the greatest average daily gain,the lowest feed/gain of 4.82,and the best economic benefit. The average daily gain and gross returns of the 0.10% group were significantly greater than those of the control group( P< 0.05). 2) No significant differences were found in apparent digestibility of dry matter,neutral detergent fiber,acid detergent fiber and digestible energy among groups( P> 0.05). The apparent digestibility of crude protein of the 0.10% group was significantly higher than that of the control group( P<0. 05). 3) There were no significant differences among all groups on the 1 st day of the test in terms of the contents of urea nitrogen,glucose,triglycerides,total cholesterin,non-esterified fatty acid,total amino acid,and the levels of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 in serum( P> 0.05). On the 31 st day of the test,the serum triglycerides content of the 0.20% group was significantly higher than that of the other three groups( P<0.05); the serum total cholesterin content of the 0.20% group was significantly lower than that of the control group( P < 0. 05); the serum non-esterified fatty acid content of the 0. 20% group was significantly higher than that of the control group( P< 0.01) and the 0.05% group( P < 0. 05); the serum total amino acid content of the control group was significantly lower than that of the other groups( P< 0.05); the serum growth hormone level of the control group was significantly lower than that of the 0. 05% and 0. 10% groups( P <0.05); the 0.20% group tended to increase serum growth hormone level compared with the control group( P =0.084); there was no significant difference in serum insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ level among all groups( P>0.05). It is concluded that dietary supplementation of HMBi can improve the digestive utilization of protein,and then promote the growth of goats. Moreover,supplementation of 0. 10% HMBi on the dry matter basis shows the best economic benefits.
引文
[1]董贤文,左福元.过瘤胃蛋氨酸的研究与应用[J].饲料广角,2012(8):30-32.
[2]杨志林,李蓓蓓,冯建芳.过瘤胃氨基酸在反刍动物生产中的应用研究[J].饲料博览,2016(8):18-20.
[3]胡诚军,江青艳,孔祥峰.畜禽蛋氨酸代谢及其生理功能研究进展[J].饲料工业,2016,37(15):23-27.
[4]朱中胜,李吕木.蛋氨酸研究进展[J].饲料博览,2015(7):11-17.
[5]卢玉飞,张雪元,马婷婷,等.过瘤胃蛋氨酸在反刍动物中的营养研究进展[J].饲料工业,2014,35(17):13-18.
[6]褚永康,林英庭,陈俏俏.过瘤胃氨基酸在反刍动物饲料中的应用[J].中国饲料,2012(6):36-39.
[7]JONES B A,MOHAMED O E,PRANGE R W,et al.Degradation of m ethionine hydroxy analog in the rum en of lactating cow s[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1988,71(2):525-529.
[8]KOENIG K M,RODE L M,KNIGHT C D,et al.Rum inal escape,gastrointestinal absorption,and response of serum m ethionine to supplem entation of liquid m ethionine hydroxy analog in dairy cow s[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1999,82(2):355-361.
[9]GRAULET B,RICHARD C,ROBERT J C.The isopropyl ester of m ethionine hydroxy-analogue is absorbed through the rum en w all in the cow[J].Journal of Anim al&Feed Sciences,2004,13(1S):269-272.
[10]林奕,王之盛,周安国.2-羟基-4-甲硫基丁酸异丙酯(HMBi)以及2-羟基-4-甲硫基丁酸(HMB)在反刍动物中的应用[J].中国奶牛,2008(11):11-15.
[11]杨保奎,热合木塔依,奚雨萌,等.蛋氨酸羟基类似物异丙酯对奶牛产奶性能和血清生化指标的影响[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2017,46(1):89-94.
[12]谢小峰,周玉明,王明亮.日粮添加过瘤胃蛋氨酸对奶牛生产性能的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2014,46(4):50-51.
[13]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].3版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2007.
[14]唐波,王群,奚雨萌,等.蛋氨酸羟基异丙酯对犊牛生长、血清生化指标和激素水平的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2014(3):567-573.
[15]王萌,周玉香,张艳梅,等.过瘤胃蛋氨酸对舍饲滩羊生产性能的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2017,38(1):36-38.
[16]燕磊,杨维仁,杨在宾,等.不同水平瘤胃保护性蛋氨酸对小尾寒羊氮代谢及生产性能的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2005,26(6):27-30.
[17]HAN Z Y,YANG B K,YANG Z,et al.Effects of 2-hydroxy-4-(m ethylthio)butanoic acid isopropyl ester on grow th and blood com ponents in grow ing Holstein steers[J].Anim al Science Journal,2016,88(2):286-293.
[18]郗伟斌,夏科,张永根,等.平衡赖氨酸、蛋氨酸对奶牛生产性能及血液生化指标的影响[C].张沅.中国牛业健康发展与科技创新——中国畜牧兽医学会第七届养牛学分会2009年学术研讨会论文集,南京:南京农业大学乳牛科学研究所,2009:101.
[19]欧阳佩珍,唐漾波.过量蛋氨酸对大鼠肝、脑组织3H-亮氨酸掺入量的影响[J].营养学报,1993(3):304-308.
[20]ELTAHAWY A S,ISMAEIL A M.Methionine-supplem ented diet increases the general perform ance and value of Rahm ani lam bs[J].Iranian Journal of Applied Anim al Science,2013,3:513-520.
[21]王慧媛,张英杰,刘月琴,等.日粮添加过瘤胃蛋氨酸对肉羊生产性能及营养物质消化率的研究[J].饲料工业,2014,35(3):51-54.
[22]BAGHBANZADEH-NOBARI B,TAGHIZADEH A,KHORVASH M,et al.Digestibility,rum inal ferm entation,blood m etabolites and antioxidant status in ew es supplem ented w ith DL-m ethionine or hydroxy-4(methylthio)butanoic acid isopropyl ester[J].Journal of Anim al Physiology and Anim al Nutrition,2017,101(5)266-277.
[23]STANLEY C C,WILLIAMS C C,JENNY B F,et al.Effects of feeding m ilk replacer once versus tw ice daily on glucose m etabolism in holstein and jersey calves[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2002,85(9):2335-2343.
[24]严昌国,金泽林,金太花,等.外源生长激素在延边黄牛上的试验研究(Ⅲ)——对血液生理生化指标的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2005,41(3):6-9.
[25]MCCOLLUM MQ,VZQUEZ-AN M,DIBNER J J,et al.Absorption of 2-hydroxy-4-(m ethylthio)butanoic acid by isolated sheep rum inal and om asal epithelia[J].Journal of Anim al Science,2000,78(4):1078-1083.
[26]OKE B O,LOERCH S C,DEETZ L E.Effects of rum en-protected m ethionine and lysine on rum inant perform ance and nutrient m etabolism[J].Journal of Anim al Science,1986,62(4):1101-1112.
[27]FENG Y L,SUN Y,DENG H W,et al.Promotion of cashm ere grow th by sulfur supplem ents in cashm ere goats[J].Revista Brasileira De Zootecnia,2013,42(11):792-797.
[28]夏科,张永根,王燕,等.日粮添加HMBi对奶牛血液指标及健康状况的影响[J].中国饲料,2010(12):9-12.
[29]KNOWLES T A,SOUTHERN L L,BIDNER T D,et al.Effect of dietary fiber or fat in low-crude protein,crystalline am ino acid-supplem ented diets for finishing pigs[J].Journal of Anim al Science,1998,76(11):2818-2832.
[30]王群,尹军力,唐波,等.不同蛋白质水平日粮中添加2-羟基-4-(甲硫基)丁酸异丙酯对奶牛生产性能及血液生化指标的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2014,37(3):126-132.
[31]孙伟,马文健,宋恩亮,等.饲喂不同水平热处理大豆对肉牛体组织和血清中类胰岛素生长因子-Ⅰ、生长激素、胰岛素和瘦素水平的影响[J].草食家畜,2011(2):35-39.
[32]RAUSCH M I,TRIPP M W,GOVONI K E,et al.The influence of level of feeding on grow th and serum insulin-like grow th factor I and insulin-like grow th factor-binding proteins in grow ing beef cattle supplem ented w ith som atotropin[J].Journal of Anim al Science,2002,80(1):94-100.
[33]耿忠诚,刘丽丽,张虎,等.过瘤胃蛋氨酸对绒山羊血液激素的影响[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2011,23(2):20-23.
[2]杨志林,李蓓蓓,冯建芳.过瘤胃氨基酸在反刍动物生产中的应用研究[J].饲料博览,2016(8):18-20.
[3]胡诚军,江青艳,孔祥峰.畜禽蛋氨酸代谢及其生理功能研究进展[J].饲料工业,2016,37(15):23-27.
[4]朱中胜,李吕木.蛋氨酸研究进展[J].饲料博览,2015(7):11-17.
[5]卢玉飞,张雪元,马婷婷,等.过瘤胃蛋氨酸在反刍动物中的营养研究进展[J].饲料工业,2014,35(17):13-18.
[6]褚永康,林英庭,陈俏俏.过瘤胃氨基酸在反刍动物饲料中的应用[J].中国饲料,2012(6):36-39.
[7]JONES B A,MOHAMED O E,PRANGE R W,et al.Degradation of m ethionine hydroxy analog in the rum en of lactating cow s[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1988,71(2):525-529.
[8]KOENIG K M,RODE L M,KNIGHT C D,et al.Rum inal escape,gastrointestinal absorption,and response of serum m ethionine to supplem entation of liquid m ethionine hydroxy analog in dairy cow s[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1999,82(2):355-361.
[9]GRAULET B,RICHARD C,ROBERT J C.The isopropyl ester of m ethionine hydroxy-analogue is absorbed through the rum en w all in the cow[J].Journal of Anim al&Feed Sciences,2004,13(1S):269-272.
[10]林奕,王之盛,周安国.2-羟基-4-甲硫基丁酸异丙酯(HMBi)以及2-羟基-4-甲硫基丁酸(HMB)在反刍动物中的应用[J].中国奶牛,2008(11):11-15.
[11]杨保奎,热合木塔依,奚雨萌,等.蛋氨酸羟基类似物异丙酯对奶牛产奶性能和血清生化指标的影响[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2017,46(1):89-94.
[12]谢小峰,周玉明,王明亮.日粮添加过瘤胃蛋氨酸对奶牛生产性能的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2014,46(4):50-51.
[13]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].3版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2007.
[14]唐波,王群,奚雨萌,等.蛋氨酸羟基异丙酯对犊牛生长、血清生化指标和激素水平的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2014(3):567-573.
[15]王萌,周玉香,张艳梅,等.过瘤胃蛋氨酸对舍饲滩羊生产性能的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2017,38(1):36-38.
[16]燕磊,杨维仁,杨在宾,等.不同水平瘤胃保护性蛋氨酸对小尾寒羊氮代谢及生产性能的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2005,26(6):27-30.
[17]HAN Z Y,YANG B K,YANG Z,et al.Effects of 2-hydroxy-4-(m ethylthio)butanoic acid isopropyl ester on grow th and blood com ponents in grow ing Holstein steers[J].Anim al Science Journal,2016,88(2):286-293.
[18]郗伟斌,夏科,张永根,等.平衡赖氨酸、蛋氨酸对奶牛生产性能及血液生化指标的影响[C].张沅.中国牛业健康发展与科技创新——中国畜牧兽医学会第七届养牛学分会2009年学术研讨会论文集,南京:南京农业大学乳牛科学研究所,2009:101.
[19]欧阳佩珍,唐漾波.过量蛋氨酸对大鼠肝、脑组织3H-亮氨酸掺入量的影响[J].营养学报,1993(3):304-308.
[20]ELTAHAWY A S,ISMAEIL A M.Methionine-supplem ented diet increases the general perform ance and value of Rahm ani lam bs[J].Iranian Journal of Applied Anim al Science,2013,3:513-520.
[21]王慧媛,张英杰,刘月琴,等.日粮添加过瘤胃蛋氨酸对肉羊生产性能及营养物质消化率的研究[J].饲料工业,2014,35(3):51-54.
[22]BAGHBANZADEH-NOBARI B,TAGHIZADEH A,KHORVASH M,et al.Digestibility,rum inal ferm entation,blood m etabolites and antioxidant status in ew es supplem ented w ith DL-m ethionine or hydroxy-4(methylthio)butanoic acid isopropyl ester[J].Journal of Anim al Physiology and Anim al Nutrition,2017,101(5)266-277.
[23]STANLEY C C,WILLIAMS C C,JENNY B F,et al.Effects of feeding m ilk replacer once versus tw ice daily on glucose m etabolism in holstein and jersey calves[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2002,85(9):2335-2343.
[24]严昌国,金泽林,金太花,等.外源生长激素在延边黄牛上的试验研究(Ⅲ)——对血液生理生化指标的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2005,41(3):6-9.
[25]MCCOLLUM MQ,VZQUEZ-AN M,DIBNER J J,et al.Absorption of 2-hydroxy-4-(m ethylthio)butanoic acid by isolated sheep rum inal and om asal epithelia[J].Journal of Anim al Science,2000,78(4):1078-1083.
[26]OKE B O,LOERCH S C,DEETZ L E.Effects of rum en-protected m ethionine and lysine on rum inant perform ance and nutrient m etabolism[J].Journal of Anim al Science,1986,62(4):1101-1112.
[27]FENG Y L,SUN Y,DENG H W,et al.Promotion of cashm ere grow th by sulfur supplem ents in cashm ere goats[J].Revista Brasileira De Zootecnia,2013,42(11):792-797.
[28]夏科,张永根,王燕,等.日粮添加HMBi对奶牛血液指标及健康状况的影响[J].中国饲料,2010(12):9-12.
[29]KNOWLES T A,SOUTHERN L L,BIDNER T D,et al.Effect of dietary fiber or fat in low-crude protein,crystalline am ino acid-supplem ented diets for finishing pigs[J].Journal of Anim al Science,1998,76(11):2818-2832.
[30]王群,尹军力,唐波,等.不同蛋白质水平日粮中添加2-羟基-4-(甲硫基)丁酸异丙酯对奶牛生产性能及血液生化指标的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2014,37(3):126-132.
[31]孙伟,马文健,宋恩亮,等.饲喂不同水平热处理大豆对肉牛体组织和血清中类胰岛素生长因子-Ⅰ、生长激素、胰岛素和瘦素水平的影响[J].草食家畜,2011(2):35-39.
[32]RAUSCH M I,TRIPP M W,GOVONI K E,et al.The influence of level of feeding on grow th and serum insulin-like grow th factor I and insulin-like grow th factor-binding proteins in grow ing beef cattle supplem ented w ith som atotropin[J].Journal of Anim al Science,2002,80(1):94-100.
[33]耿忠诚,刘丽丽,张虎,等.过瘤胃蛋氨酸对绒山羊血液激素的影响[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2011,23(2):20-23.