假臭草(Praxelis clematidea)染色体制片条件优化及核型对光照环境变化的响应
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摘要
本研究为验证假臭草(Praxelis clematidea)细胞核型特征与其生物入侵性之间的关系,以入侵海口的恶性杂草假臭草三种不同生境下获取种子所培养的根尖为实验材料,采用常规压片法进行体细胞制片,比较不同预处理时间和解离时间两个重要因素,筛选最优染色体制片条件。比较三种生境假臭草染色体数目和核型特征差异情况,探讨假臭草核型特征对光环境变化的响应。结果表明:先用2 mmol/L的8-羟基喹啉溶液预处理90 min,再用1 mol/L HCl:45%的醋酸解离液处理1 min是最优的染色体制片处理条件。显微镜观察假臭草体细胞的染色体数目为2n=28。在旷野、林缘和林中生境下的假臭草体细胞核型公式分别为2n=2x=28=28sm,2n=2x=28=24sm+4m和2n=2x=28=18sm+10m,类型分别对应为3A,2A和2A,核型不对称系数分别对应为69.02%,64.32%和65.28%,属不对称类型。研究表明,假臭草核型特征受光环境的影响,高(正常)光照生境下假臭草核型进化程度较高,低光照生境条件下,假臭草核型进化程度较低,意味着在高光照生境条件下,假臭草具有更高的入侵性。这为假臭草的防控提供了细胞学依据。
To understand the relationship between the karyotype characteristics and biological invasiveness of P.clematidea, we establish the optimal approach for analyzing root tip of the cultivated seedlings, and compared different preteatment times and fixationand dissociation times during chromosome sectioning by applying traditional squash technique. The seeds were collected from three habitats including wasteland, forest edge and forest of P. clematidea in Haikou. Then the chromosome number and karyotype of P. clematidea were analyzed to reveal the response of karyotype analysis of P. clematidea to light environment changes. The results showed that the optimal pretreatment time was 90 min soaking with 2 mmol/L 8-hydroxyquinoline solution, and the optimal dissociation time was 1 min dissociated by dissociation solution with the ratio of 1 mol/L HCl: 45% acetic acid.The somatic chromosome number of P. clematidea was 2 n =28. In wasteland habitat, karyotype formula of P.clematidea was 2 n =2 x =28 =24 sm+4 m, which belonged to "3 A" type and the coefficient of non-symmetry was69.02%. In forest edge, karyotype formula was 2 n=2 x=28=24 sm+4 m belonging to "2 A" type and the coefficient of non-symmetry was 64.32%. In forest, karyotype formula was 2 n=2 x=28=18 sm+10 m belonging to "2 A" type and the coefficient of non-symmetry was 65.28%. The study showed that the karyotype characteristics of P. clematidea are affected by the light environment. The karyotype of P. clematidea in high light habitat is highly evolved, and the karyotype of P. clematidea in low light habitat is less evolved, implying P. clematidea is more invasive in high-light habitats. The study would provide some references to cytology for preventing and controlling P. clematidea.
To understand the relationship between the karyotype characteristics and biological invasiveness of P.clematidea, we establish the optimal approach for analyzing root tip of the cultivated seedlings, and compared different preteatment times and fixationand dissociation times during chromosome sectioning by applying traditional squash technique. The seeds were collected from three habitats including wasteland, forest edge and forest of P. clematidea in Haikou. Then the chromosome number and karyotype of P. clematidea were analyzed to reveal the response of karyotype analysis of P. clematidea to light environment changes. The results showed that the optimal pretreatment time was 90 min soaking with 2 mmol/L 8-hydroxyquinoline solution, and the optimal dissociation time was 1 min dissociated by dissociation solution with the ratio of 1 mol/L HCl: 45% acetic acid.The somatic chromosome number of P. clematidea was 2 n =28. In wasteland habitat, karyotype formula of P.clematidea was 2 n =2 x =28 =24 sm+4 m, which belonged to "3 A" type and the coefficient of non-symmetry was69.02%. In forest edge, karyotype formula was 2 n=2 x=28=24 sm+4 m belonging to "2 A" type and the coefficient of non-symmetry was 64.32%. In forest, karyotype formula was 2 n=2 x=28=18 sm+10 m belonging to "2 A" type and the coefficient of non-symmetry was 65.28%. The study showed that the karyotype characteristics of P. clematidea are affected by the light environment. The karyotype of P. clematidea in high light habitat is highly evolved, and the karyotype of P. clematidea in low light habitat is less evolved, implying P. clematidea is more invasive in high-light habitats. The study would provide some references to cytology for preventing and controlling P. clematidea.
引文
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Li Q.F.,Li G.Y.,and Zhang G.H.,2010,Dynamics of Eupatorium catarium Veldkamp allelopathy in the process of decay,Zhongguo Shengtai Nongye Xuebao(Chinese Journal of E-co-Agriculture),18(2):360-364(李勤奋,李光义,张桂花,2010,假臭草植株不同分解阶段的化感作用动态变化,中国生态农业学报,18(2):360-364)
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Cai H.,Qian L.S.,Zhang L.,and Wei C.L.,2006,Chromosome variation and karyotype analysis of invasive weed Sorghum halepense L.,Henongxue Bao(Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences),20(6):490-493(蔡华,钱立生,张丽,韦朝领,2006,入侵杂草假高粱的染色体变异及核型分析,核农学报,20(6):490-493)
Chen H.,2013,Morphological diversity and karyotype analysis of Parthenium hysterophorus L.,Thesis for M.S.,Hainan Normal University,Supervisor:Guan Y.L.,pp.15-41(陈好,2013,银胶菊的形态多样性与染色体核型分析,硕士学位论文,海南师范大学,导师:关亚丽,pp.15-41)
Deng S.M.,Yang X.H.,Wang N.,and Tang C.L.,2009,Identification of flavonoids in alien invasive plant Eupatorium catarium,Xibei Zhiwu Xuebao(Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica),29(12):2548-2550(邓世明,杨先会,王宁,汤丽昌,2009,外来入侵植物假臭草的黄酮类成分研究,西北植物学报,29(12):2548-2550)
Feng Y.L.,Wang Y.H.,Liu Y.Y.,and Ding K.Y.,2006,Karyotype of Chromolaen odorata and Ageratina adenophora,Zhiwu Yanjiu(Bulletin of Botanical Research),26(3):356-360(冯玉龙,王跃华,刘元元,丁开宇,2006,入侵物种飞机草和紫茎泽兰的核型研究,植物研究,26(3):356-360)
Han J.,Kong D.Y.,and Peng F.R.,2018,Optimization of chromosome mounting technique and karyotype analysis of Carya illinoinensis,Fenzi Zhiwu Yuzhong(Molecular Plant Breeding),16(16):5240-5246(韩杰,孔德仪,彭方仁,2018,薄壳山核桃染色体制片技术的优化与核型分析,分子植物育种,16(16):5240-5246)
Hua L.,and Pan B.R.,2003,The perspectives of genetic diversity,Ganhanqu Yanjiu(Arid Zone Research),20(1):27-31(华丽,潘伯荣,2003,遗传多样性透视,干旱区研究,20(1):27-31)
Huang S.S.,Mo X.L.,Zeng Q.Q.,Cai Y.W.,and Qiu W.F.,2009,Analysis on karyotype of Melocanna humilis Kurz,Jiyinzuxue Yu Yingyong Shengwuxue(Genomics and Applied Biology),28(4):751-754(黄珊珊,莫小路,曾庆钱,蔡岳文,邱蔚芬,2009,小梨竹核型分析,基因组学与应用生物学,28(4):751-754)
Kong Y.H.,2002,Kernel polymorphism,susceptibility to environmental factors and intergeneric evolution of Elaphodus ephalophus,Thesis for M.S.,Nanjing Normal University,Supervisor:Zhang X.R.,pp.30-38(孔亚慧,2002,毛冠鹿(Elaphodus cephalophus)种内核型多态、对环境因子的易感性及属间进化关系,硕士学位论文,南京师范大学,导师:张锡然,pp.30-38)
Levan A.,Fredga K.,and Sandberg A.,1964,Nomenclature for centromeric position on chromosomes,Hereditas,52:201-220
Li G.Z.,ed.,1985,Chromosome and its progress of research methods,Science Press,Bejing,China,pp.23-35(李国珍,编著,1985,染色体及其研究方法,科学出版社,中国,北京,pp.23-35)
Li L.Q.,Li N.Y.,and Liu Q.,2014,Genetic diversity of the invasive plant Eupatorium catarium populations in Hainan Island and Guangdong of China based on ISSR analysis,Shengtaixue Zazhi(Chinese Journal of Ecology),33(3):611-617(黎丽倩,李妮亚,刘强,2014,入侵海南和广东的外来植物假臭草的遗传多样性的ISSR分析,生态学杂志,33(3):611-617)
Li M.X.,and Chen R.Y.,1985,A suggestion on the standardization of karyotype analysis in plants,Zhiwu Kexue Xuebao(Plant Science Journal),3(4):297-302(李懋学,陈瑞阳,1985,关于植物核型分析的标准化问题,植物科学学报,3(4):297-302)
Li Q.F.,Li G.Y.,and Zhang G.H.,2010,Dynamics of Eupatorium catarium Veldkamp allelopathy in the process of decay,Zhongguo Shengtai Nongye Xuebao(Chinese Journal of E-co-Agriculture),18(2):360-364(李勤奋,李光义,张桂花,2010,假臭草植株不同分解阶段的化感作用动态变化,中国生态农业学报,18(2):360-364)
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