环模成型机楔形区域物料运动速度与压力分析
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摘要
环模成型机是生物质压缩成型主要设备,由于工况复杂性,不易测得其内部物料运动特性。对粉碎后的沙柳细枝颗粒在环模成型机内的运动速度与压力进行了研究。运用流变学理论建立物料在楔形区内的速度方程,并利用有限元软件Fluent对该区域内物料的塑性流动建立模拟仿真,应用动网格技术和UDF在仿真中实现环模和压辊旋转。通过Fluent仿真模拟得出物料在楔形区域内速度矢量图及速度和压力云图。前者用于分析物料在该区域内的运动方向。后者通过改变环模最小模辊间隙、模孔直径、模辊直径比,得出不同的物料速度和压力分布云图,用于分析物料在楔形区域内的运动速度和压力分布状况,及其对物料成型过程的影响。通过对比,环模成型机采用最小间隙为2.0 mm,模孔直径为10 mm,模辊直径比为2.25的参数时,对沙柳细枝颗粒致密成型效果和效率较好。上述结果可为研究其他生物质物料在环模成型机楔形区域内的运动提供理论支持和方法借鉴。
Ring molding machine is the main equipment of biomass compression molding machine. Its internal material movement characteristics is not easy to be measured due to its complexity. This paper studied the movement velocity and pressure of crushed salix twig particles inside of ring moulding machine. Based on the theory of rheology,the paper established a velocity equation for the material in the wedge area of the machine,simulated its plastic flow with software Fluent,and used dynamic grid technique & UDF to move the ring die and press roll in the simulation. Then the velocity vector,velocity and pressure color nephogram of the particles in the wedge area were obtained. The former was used to analyze material movement direction in this area. By changing the minimum clearance,diameter ratio of the ring die & press roller and die orifice diameter,the latter obtained different color nephogram,which was used to analyze the movement velocity,pressure distribution and influence on material forming process. Through comparison,it was found when the ring moulding machine,minimum clearance was 2.0 mm,diameter of die orifice was 10 mm,and diameter ratio of the ring die & press roller was 2.25,the compact molding effect and efficiency of the salix twig particles were better. The above results provided theoretical support and method reference for studying movement characteristics of the other biomass material in the wedge area of ring moulding machine.
Ring molding machine is the main equipment of biomass compression molding machine. Its internal material movement characteristics is not easy to be measured due to its complexity. This paper studied the movement velocity and pressure of crushed salix twig particles inside of ring moulding machine. Based on the theory of rheology,the paper established a velocity equation for the material in the wedge area of the machine,simulated its plastic flow with software Fluent,and used dynamic grid technique & UDF to move the ring die and press roll in the simulation. Then the velocity vector,velocity and pressure color nephogram of the particles in the wedge area were obtained. The former was used to analyze material movement direction in this area. By changing the minimum clearance,diameter ratio of the ring die & press roller and die orifice diameter,the latter obtained different color nephogram,which was used to analyze the movement velocity,pressure distribution and influence on material forming process. Through comparison,it was found when the ring moulding machine,minimum clearance was 2.0 mm,diameter of die orifice was 10 mm,and diameter ratio of the ring die & press roller was 2.25,the compact molding effect and efficiency of the salix twig particles were better. The above results provided theoretical support and method reference for studying movement characteristics of the other biomass material in the wedge area of ring moulding machine.
引文
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[12]黄晓鹏.环模制粒机成型工艺及关键部件磨损机理研究[D].兰州:兰州理工大学,博士学位论文,2012.Huang X P. Study on the pelletizing process and wearmechanism for the key components of hoop standard granulator[D]. Lanzhou:Lanzhou University of Technology,DoctorDissertation,2012.
[13]曹康.现代饲料加工技术[M].上海:上海科学技术文献出版社,2003.Cao K. Modern Feed Manufacturing Technology[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Scientific and Technological LiteraturePublishing House,2003.
[14]李震,俞国胜,陈忠加,等.齿辊式环模生物质成型机设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(5):220-225.Li Z,Yu G S,Chen Z J,et al.. Development and experimentof gear rolls biomass forming machine[J]. Trans. Chin. Soc.Agric. Machinery,2015,46(5):220-225.
[15]武凯,孙宇,彭斌彬,等.环模制粒粉体旋转挤压成型扭矩模型构建及试验[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(24):33-39.8Wu K,Sun Y,Peng B B,et al.. Modeling and experiment onrotary extrusion torque in ring-die pelleting process[J]. Trans.Chin. Soc. Agric. Engin.,2013,29(24):33-39.
[16] Campbell C S. Rapid Granular Flows[J]. Ann. Rev. FluidMech.,1990,22:57-92.
[17]约翰D.安德森,著.计算流体力学基础及应用[M].吴颂平,刘赵淼,译.北京:机械工业出版社,2007.
[18]金日光,马秀清.高聚物流变学[M].上海:华东理工大学出版社,2012.Jin R G,Ma X Q. Polymer Rheology[M]. Shanghai:EastChina University of Science and Technology Press,2012.
[19] Verma P L,Govardhan M. Flow behind bluff bodies in side-by-side arrangement[J]. J. Engin. Sci. Technol.,2011,6(6):745-768.
[20]周亮,孙宇,武凯,等.环模式秸秆压块机模具有限元分析及锥角优化[J].农机化研究,2014,6:224-227.Zhou L,Sun Y,Wu K,et al.. Finite element analysis andcone angle optimization of ring die on circular mold briquettingmachine[J]. J. Agric. Mechanization Res.,2014,6:224-227.
[21]杨小兰,刘极峰,陈旋.基于ANSYS的有限元法网格划分浅析[J].煤矿机械,2005(6):38-39.Yang X L,Liu J F,Chen X. Analysis of ANSYS finite elementmesh dividing[J]. Coal Mine Machinery,2005(6):38-39.
[22]胡坤,李振北.ANSYS ICEM CFD工程实例详解[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2014.Hu K,Li Z B. ANSYS ICEM CFD Engineering Example[M].Beijing:Posts and Telecom Press,2014.
[23]杨玄.非牛顿流体在旋流器中流动特性的数值模拟[D].北京:中国石油大学,硕士学位论文,2010.Yang X. Numerical simulation of flow characteristics of non-newtonian fluid in a hydrocyclone[D]. Beijing:ChinaUniversity of Petroleum,Master Dissertation,2010.
[24]孙月铢,白雪卫,李永奎.玉米秸秆粉料单模孔压缩成型过程有限元分析[J].农机化研究,2016,38(4):237-242.Sun Y Z,Bai X W,Li Y K. Analysis and simulation of cropsupporting device on no-row corn harvester’s header[J]. J.Agric. Mechanization Res.,2016,38(4):237-242.
[25]钟磊,黄晓鹏,万芳新,等.基于FLUENT的饲料环模内孔流场分析[J].中国农机化学报,2016,37(10):103-107.Zhong L,Huang X P,Wan F X,et al.. Analysis on the innerflow field of the feed ring mold hole based on FLUENT[J]. J.Chin. Agric. Mechan.,2016,37(10):103-107.
[2] Liu B C,Shang Y X,Xu Y M,et al.. Analysis of the ring dieof biomass energy molding machine based on ANSYS[J]. KeyEngin. Materials,2013,561:417-421.
[3]王翠苹,李定凯,王凤印,等.生物质成型颗粒燃料燃烧特性的试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(10):174-177.Wang C P,Li D K,Wang F Y,et al.. Experimental study onthe combustion characteristics of biomass pellets[J]. Trans.CSAE,2006,22(10):174-177.
[4]陈树人,段建,姚勇.环模式秸秆压块机的设计与性能试验[J].农机化研究,2013,35(11):140-143.Chen S R, Duan J, Yao Y. Ring mode straw briquettingmachine design and performance test[J]. J. Agric.Mechanization Res.,2013,35(11):140-143.
[5]霍丽丽,侯书林,赵立欣,等.生物质固体成型燃料技术及设备研究进展平[J].安全与环境学报,2009,9(6):27-31.Huo L L,Hou S L,Zhao L X,et al.. Overview of the researchadvancements of solid biofuel-preparation technology and thecorresponding facilities needed[J]. J. Safety Environ.,2009,9(6):27-31.
[6]武凯,施水娟,彭斌彬,等.环模制粒挤压过程力学建模及影响因素分析[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(12):142-147.Wu K,Shi S J,Peng B B,et al.. Modeling and analysis onextruding force in pelleting process[J]. Trans. Chin. Soc.Agric. Engin.,2010,26(12):142-147.
[7] Holm J K,Wand K,Hustad J E,et al.. Fundamentals ofbiomass pellet production[J]. Ind. Climate Protection,2005.
[8]孙启新,陈书法,董玉平.秸秆类生物质成型热黏塑性本构模型构建[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(8):221-226.Sun Q X,Chen S F,Dong Y P. Establishment of thermoviscoplastic constitutive model for straw biomass briquetting[J]. Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Engin.,2015,31(8):221-226.
[9]霍丽丽,田宜水,孟海波,等.生物质颗粒燃料微观成型机理[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(S1):21-25.Huo L L,Tian Y S,Meng H B,et al.. Mechanism of surfacemorphology of biomass pellet[J]. Trans. CSAE,2011,27(Supp.1):21-25.
[10]袁晓明,徐静云,韩秀荣,等.ANSYS的生物质成型机环模结构分析[J].农机化研究,2015,37(6):239-242.Yuan X M,Xu J Y,Han X R,et al.. The Structure analysis ofbiomass ring die based on ANSYS[J]. J. Agric. MechanizationRes.,2015,37(6):239-242.
[11]申树云,董玉平.生物质颗粒成型机的环模特性研究[J].太阳能学报,2010,31(1):132-136.Shen S Y,Dong Y P. The study on the loop die characteristicsof biomass pelletizing[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2010,31(1):132-136.
[12]黄晓鹏.环模制粒机成型工艺及关键部件磨损机理研究[D].兰州:兰州理工大学,博士学位论文,2012.Huang X P. Study on the pelletizing process and wearmechanism for the key components of hoop standard granulator[D]. Lanzhou:Lanzhou University of Technology,DoctorDissertation,2012.
[13]曹康.现代饲料加工技术[M].上海:上海科学技术文献出版社,2003.Cao K. Modern Feed Manufacturing Technology[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Scientific and Technological LiteraturePublishing House,2003.
[14]李震,俞国胜,陈忠加,等.齿辊式环模生物质成型机设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(5):220-225.Li Z,Yu G S,Chen Z J,et al.. Development and experimentof gear rolls biomass forming machine[J]. Trans. Chin. Soc.Agric. Machinery,2015,46(5):220-225.
[15]武凯,孙宇,彭斌彬,等.环模制粒粉体旋转挤压成型扭矩模型构建及试验[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(24):33-39.8Wu K,Sun Y,Peng B B,et al.. Modeling and experiment onrotary extrusion torque in ring-die pelleting process[J]. Trans.Chin. Soc. Agric. Engin.,2013,29(24):33-39.
[16] Campbell C S. Rapid Granular Flows[J]. Ann. Rev. FluidMech.,1990,22:57-92.
[17]约翰D.安德森,著.计算流体力学基础及应用[M].吴颂平,刘赵淼,译.北京:机械工业出版社,2007.
[18]金日光,马秀清.高聚物流变学[M].上海:华东理工大学出版社,2012.Jin R G,Ma X Q. Polymer Rheology[M]. Shanghai:EastChina University of Science and Technology Press,2012.
[19] Verma P L,Govardhan M. Flow behind bluff bodies in side-by-side arrangement[J]. J. Engin. Sci. Technol.,2011,6(6):745-768.
[20]周亮,孙宇,武凯,等.环模式秸秆压块机模具有限元分析及锥角优化[J].农机化研究,2014,6:224-227.Zhou L,Sun Y,Wu K,et al.. Finite element analysis andcone angle optimization of ring die on circular mold briquettingmachine[J]. J. Agric. Mechanization Res.,2014,6:224-227.
[21]杨小兰,刘极峰,陈旋.基于ANSYS的有限元法网格划分浅析[J].煤矿机械,2005(6):38-39.Yang X L,Liu J F,Chen X. Analysis of ANSYS finite elementmesh dividing[J]. Coal Mine Machinery,2005(6):38-39.
[22]胡坤,李振北.ANSYS ICEM CFD工程实例详解[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2014.Hu K,Li Z B. ANSYS ICEM CFD Engineering Example[M].Beijing:Posts and Telecom Press,2014.
[23]杨玄.非牛顿流体在旋流器中流动特性的数值模拟[D].北京:中国石油大学,硕士学位论文,2010.Yang X. Numerical simulation of flow characteristics of non-newtonian fluid in a hydrocyclone[D]. Beijing:ChinaUniversity of Petroleum,Master Dissertation,2010.
[24]孙月铢,白雪卫,李永奎.玉米秸秆粉料单模孔压缩成型过程有限元分析[J].农机化研究,2016,38(4):237-242.Sun Y Z,Bai X W,Li Y K. Analysis and simulation of cropsupporting device on no-row corn harvester’s header[J]. J.Agric. Mechanization Res.,2016,38(4):237-242.
[25]钟磊,黄晓鹏,万芳新,等.基于FLUENT的饲料环模内孔流场分析[J].中国农机化学报,2016,37(10):103-107.Zhong L,Huang X P,Wan F X,et al.. Analysis on the innerflow field of the feed ring mold hole based on FLUENT[J]. J.Chin. Agric. Mechan.,2016,37(10):103-107.