干气密封力学系统动态性能及其影响因素间的交互作用分析
|
摘要
在考虑转轴轴向振动的情况下,基于气体润滑和动力学相关理论,建立了微扰膜压控制方程和挠性安装静环运动方程.研究了介质压力、螺旋角对干气密封动态特性和瞬态响应的影响;定义了膜厚扰动的突变峰和周期峰,并以突变峰或周期峰最小作为动态性能的优化目标,基于完全析因设计法,开展了高参数螺旋槽干气密封动态性能影响因素间的交互作用分析.研究结果表明:高速条件下,膜厚振动型态受介质压力影响较大,当介质压力较小时,气膜动态阻尼较小,气膜振动初始阶段易发生波幅逐渐衰减的振荡,而当介质压力增大到一定程度时较大的气膜动态阻尼使膜厚振动迅速衰减,振荡现象消失;高速高压条件下,除挠性环质量和弹簧刚度对周期峰的影响存在显著交互作用外,其余各影响因素对突变峰和周期峰均不存在明显的交互作用,可独立开展优化而不牺牲其结果精度.
The perturbation gas film pressure governing equations and motion equation of spiral groove dry gas seals with flexibly mounted stator,which took the axial vibration of rotor into consideration,were presented based on gas film lubrication and kinetic theories. The influences of sealed pressure and spiral angle on dynamic characteristics and transient responses were researched under the condition of high-speed. It is shown that gas film sharply oscillated along a certain path when the sealed pressure was relatively low. Saltation peak and period peak of gas film thickness disturbance were defined,and their minimum values were considered as the optimization objects of seal dynamic performance. The interactions among spiral angle(typical representative of structure parameters of spiral groove),spring stiffness,secondary seal damping and stator mass were analyzed under high-speed and high-pressure conditions based on the method of full factorial design. The results show that there was an obvious interaction between spring stiffness and stator mass for period peak,and the other factors affecting dynamic performance of dry gas seal systems can be treated as independent variables to be optimized without affecting the precision of the results of seal dynamic performance.
The perturbation gas film pressure governing equations and motion equation of spiral groove dry gas seals with flexibly mounted stator,which took the axial vibration of rotor into consideration,were presented based on gas film lubrication and kinetic theories. The influences of sealed pressure and spiral angle on dynamic characteristics and transient responses were researched under the condition of high-speed. It is shown that gas film sharply oscillated along a certain path when the sealed pressure was relatively low. Saltation peak and period peak of gas film thickness disturbance were defined,and their minimum values were considered as the optimization objects of seal dynamic performance. The interactions among spiral angle(typical representative of structure parameters of spiral groove),spring stiffness,secondary seal damping and stator mass were analyzed under high-speed and high-pressure conditions based on the method of full factorial design. The results show that there was an obvious interaction between spring stiffness and stator mass for period peak,and the other factors affecting dynamic performance of dry gas seal systems can be treated as independent variables to be optimized without affecting the precision of the results of seal dynamic performance.
引文
[1]Peng Xudong,Wang Yuming,Huang Xing,et al.State-of-the-art and future development of sealing technology[J].Hydraulics Pneumatics&Seals,2009(4):4-11(in Chinese)[彭旭东,王玉明,黄兴,等.密封技术的现状与发展趋势[J].液压气动与密封,2009(4):4-11].doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0813.2009.04.002.
[2]Ruan B.A semi-analytical solution to the dynamic tracking of noncontacting gas face seals[J].Journal of Tribology,2002,124(1):196-202.doi:10.1115/1.1398292.
[3]Zirkelback N,San Andre?s L.Effect of frequency excitation on force coefficients of spiral groove gas seals[J].Journal of Tribology,1999,121(4):853-861.doi:10.1115/1.2834145.
[4]Zirkelback N.Parametric study of spiral groove gas face seals[J].Tribology Transactions,2000,43(2):337-343.doi:10.1080/10402000008982349.
[5]Peng Xudong,Huyan Chenlong,Bai Shaoxian,et al.Design of a biomorphic groove dry gas seal based on bird wing outlines[J].Tribology,2012,32(6):563-569(in Chinese)[彭旭东,呼延晨龙,白少先,等.基于鸟翼轮廓的干式气体密封仿生型槽设计[J].摩擦学学报,2012,32(6):563-569].doi:10.16078/j.tribology.2012.06.008.
[6]Peng Xudong,Huyan Chenlong,Bai Shaoxian,et al.Performance research on a bionic multi wing-like spiral grooved dry gas face seal[J].Tribology,2013,33(4):372-381(in Chinese)[彭旭东,呼延晨龙,白少先,等.仿生多叶翼型槽干式气体端面密封的性能研究[J].摩擦学学报,2013,33(4):372-381].doi:10.16078/j.tribology.2013.04.010.
[7]Jiang Jinbo,Peng Xudong,Bai Shaoxian,et al.Performance analysis and selection of a bionic bird wing multi-array spiral groove dry gas seal[J].Tribology,2015,35(3):274-281(in Chinese)[江锦波,彭旭东,白少先,等.仿鸟翼微列螺旋槽干气密封性能分析与选型[J].摩擦学学报,2015,35(3):274-281].doi:10.16078/j.tribology.2015.03.005.
[8]Jiang Jinbo,Peng Xudong,Bai Shaoxian,et al.Numerical analysis of characteristics of a bionic cluster spiral groove dry gas seal[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2015,51(15):20-26(in Chinese)[江锦波,彭旭东,白少先,等.仿生集束螺旋槽干式气体密封特性的数值分析[J].机械工程学报,2015,51(15):20-26].
[9]Etsion I,Dan Y.An analysis of mechanical face seal vibrations[J].Journal of Tribology,1981,103(3):428-433.
[10]Green I,Etsion I.Fluid film dynamic coefficients in mechanical face seals[J].Journal of Tribology,1983,105(2):297-302.
[11]Green I,Etsion I.Stability threshold and steady-state response of noncontacting coned-face seals[J].ASLE Transactions,1985,28(4):449-460.doi:10.1080/05698198508981642.
[12]Green I,Etsion I.Nonlinear dynamic analysis of noncontacting coned-face mechanical seals[J].ASLE Transactions,1986,29(3):383-393.doi:10.1080/05698198608981700.
[13]Green I,Barnsby R M.A simultaneous numerical solution for the lubrication and dynamic stability of noncontacting gas face seals[J].Journal of Tribology,2001,123(2):388-394.doi:10.1115/1.1308020.
[14]Green I,Barnsby R M.A parametric analysis of the transient forced response of noncontacting coned-face gas seals[J].Journal of Tribology,2002,124(1):151-157.doi:10.1115/1.1401015.
[15]Ruan B.Numerical modeling of dynamic sealing behaviors of spiral groove gas face seals[J].Journal of Tribology,2002,124(1):186-195.doi:10.1115/1.1398291.
[16]Liu Xiangfeng,Xu Chen,Huang Weifeng.Analysis and parametric design of the dynamics of a dry gas seal for extreme operating conditions using a semi-analytical method[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Sci&Technol),2014,54(2):223-228,234(in Chinese)[刘向锋,徐辰,黄伟峰.基于半解析法的极端工况干气密封动态特性研究与参数设计[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2014,54(2):223-228,234].
[17]Miller B A,Green I.Semi-analytical dynamic analysis of spiralgrooved mechanical gas face seals[J].Journal of Tribology,2003,125(2):403-413.doi:10.1115/1.1510876.
[18]Blasiak S,Zahorulko A V.A parametric and dynamic analysis of non-contacting gas face seals with modified surfaces[J].Tribology International,2016,94:126-137.doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2015.08.014.
[19]Faria MTC.Finite element analysis of the misalignment effects on the dynamic force coefficients of spiral groove gas face seals[J].JSME International Journal,2004,47(1):289-296.doi:10.1299/jsmec.47.289.
[20]Jiang Jinbo.Theoretical and experimental study of the bionic design of grooved surface of a high speed dry gas seal[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University of Technology,2016(in Chinese)[江锦波.高速干气密封端面型槽仿生设计理论与实验研究[D].杭州:浙江工业大学,2016].
[21]Chen Yuan,Peng Xudong,Li Jiyun,et al.The influence of structure parameters of spiral groove on dynamic characteristics of dry gas seal[J].Tribology,2016,36(4):397-405(in Chinese)[陈源,彭旭东,李纪云,等.螺旋槽结构参数对干气密封动态特性的影响研究[J].摩擦学学报,2016,36(4):397-405].doi:10.16078/j.tribology.2016.04.001.
[22]Gabriel R P.Fundamentals of spiral groove noncontacting face seals[J].Lubrication Engineering,1994,50:215-224.
[2]Ruan B.A semi-analytical solution to the dynamic tracking of noncontacting gas face seals[J].Journal of Tribology,2002,124(1):196-202.doi:10.1115/1.1398292.
[3]Zirkelback N,San Andre?s L.Effect of frequency excitation on force coefficients of spiral groove gas seals[J].Journal of Tribology,1999,121(4):853-861.doi:10.1115/1.2834145.
[4]Zirkelback N.Parametric study of spiral groove gas face seals[J].Tribology Transactions,2000,43(2):337-343.doi:10.1080/10402000008982349.
[5]Peng Xudong,Huyan Chenlong,Bai Shaoxian,et al.Design of a biomorphic groove dry gas seal based on bird wing outlines[J].Tribology,2012,32(6):563-569(in Chinese)[彭旭东,呼延晨龙,白少先,等.基于鸟翼轮廓的干式气体密封仿生型槽设计[J].摩擦学学报,2012,32(6):563-569].doi:10.16078/j.tribology.2012.06.008.
[6]Peng Xudong,Huyan Chenlong,Bai Shaoxian,et al.Performance research on a bionic multi wing-like spiral grooved dry gas face seal[J].Tribology,2013,33(4):372-381(in Chinese)[彭旭东,呼延晨龙,白少先,等.仿生多叶翼型槽干式气体端面密封的性能研究[J].摩擦学学报,2013,33(4):372-381].doi:10.16078/j.tribology.2013.04.010.
[7]Jiang Jinbo,Peng Xudong,Bai Shaoxian,et al.Performance analysis and selection of a bionic bird wing multi-array spiral groove dry gas seal[J].Tribology,2015,35(3):274-281(in Chinese)[江锦波,彭旭东,白少先,等.仿鸟翼微列螺旋槽干气密封性能分析与选型[J].摩擦学学报,2015,35(3):274-281].doi:10.16078/j.tribology.2015.03.005.
[8]Jiang Jinbo,Peng Xudong,Bai Shaoxian,et al.Numerical analysis of characteristics of a bionic cluster spiral groove dry gas seal[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2015,51(15):20-26(in Chinese)[江锦波,彭旭东,白少先,等.仿生集束螺旋槽干式气体密封特性的数值分析[J].机械工程学报,2015,51(15):20-26].
[9]Etsion I,Dan Y.An analysis of mechanical face seal vibrations[J].Journal of Tribology,1981,103(3):428-433.
[10]Green I,Etsion I.Fluid film dynamic coefficients in mechanical face seals[J].Journal of Tribology,1983,105(2):297-302.
[11]Green I,Etsion I.Stability threshold and steady-state response of noncontacting coned-face seals[J].ASLE Transactions,1985,28(4):449-460.doi:10.1080/05698198508981642.
[12]Green I,Etsion I.Nonlinear dynamic analysis of noncontacting coned-face mechanical seals[J].ASLE Transactions,1986,29(3):383-393.doi:10.1080/05698198608981700.
[13]Green I,Barnsby R M.A simultaneous numerical solution for the lubrication and dynamic stability of noncontacting gas face seals[J].Journal of Tribology,2001,123(2):388-394.doi:10.1115/1.1308020.
[14]Green I,Barnsby R M.A parametric analysis of the transient forced response of noncontacting coned-face gas seals[J].Journal of Tribology,2002,124(1):151-157.doi:10.1115/1.1401015.
[15]Ruan B.Numerical modeling of dynamic sealing behaviors of spiral groove gas face seals[J].Journal of Tribology,2002,124(1):186-195.doi:10.1115/1.1398291.
[16]Liu Xiangfeng,Xu Chen,Huang Weifeng.Analysis and parametric design of the dynamics of a dry gas seal for extreme operating conditions using a semi-analytical method[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Sci&Technol),2014,54(2):223-228,234(in Chinese)[刘向锋,徐辰,黄伟峰.基于半解析法的极端工况干气密封动态特性研究与参数设计[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2014,54(2):223-228,234].
[17]Miller B A,Green I.Semi-analytical dynamic analysis of spiralgrooved mechanical gas face seals[J].Journal of Tribology,2003,125(2):403-413.doi:10.1115/1.1510876.
[18]Blasiak S,Zahorulko A V.A parametric and dynamic analysis of non-contacting gas face seals with modified surfaces[J].Tribology International,2016,94:126-137.doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2015.08.014.
[19]Faria MTC.Finite element analysis of the misalignment effects on the dynamic force coefficients of spiral groove gas face seals[J].JSME International Journal,2004,47(1):289-296.doi:10.1299/jsmec.47.289.
[20]Jiang Jinbo.Theoretical and experimental study of the bionic design of grooved surface of a high speed dry gas seal[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University of Technology,2016(in Chinese)[江锦波.高速干气密封端面型槽仿生设计理论与实验研究[D].杭州:浙江工业大学,2016].
[21]Chen Yuan,Peng Xudong,Li Jiyun,et al.The influence of structure parameters of spiral groove on dynamic characteristics of dry gas seal[J].Tribology,2016,36(4):397-405(in Chinese)[陈源,彭旭东,李纪云,等.螺旋槽结构参数对干气密封动态特性的影响研究[J].摩擦学学报,2016,36(4):397-405].doi:10.16078/j.tribology.2016.04.001.
[22]Gabriel R P.Fundamentals of spiral groove noncontacting face seals[J].Lubrication Engineering,1994,50:215-224.