思茅松天然林单木含碳量空间异质性分析
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摘要
对普洱市澜沧拉祜族自治县思茅松天然林37棵解析木不同器官的含碳率进行了测定,采用变异函数对8个不同尺度(50、100、150、200、250、300、350 m和400 m)的思茅松单木树枝、树叶、树干、树皮、根系及全树6个维度含碳量及4个方向的空间异质性进行检验,并对不同尺度的单木各器官含碳量的空间异质性进行分析。结果表明:基于变异函数的分析方法,可以对思茅松天然林各维度的器官含碳量空间异质性的大小和方向进行描述,进而挖掘出产生这种异质性的驱动因素。对于思茅松天然林来说,在研究区范围内,各个维度含碳量均有空间异质性存在,且这种异质性均不是随机产生的。变异函数的基台值可表示变异大小,从全向的角度来看,树根的空间变异性最大,树叶的空间变异性最小;思茅松天然林各维度含碳量在不同方向上的空间异质性也不同。思茅松天然林各维度含碳量的基台值均随着尺度的变大而减小,而块金值会随着尺度的变大而增大,说明空间异质性对研究尺度非常敏感。对于今后关于单木含碳量的研究,需要充分考虑空间问题,选择空间异质性较大的尺度,才能更好的使用数据描述含碳量的空间分布问题。
The carbon content of different organs of 37 strains of Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis natural forest in Lancang Lahu Autonomous County of Puer, Yunnan Province was determined. The variation function was used to test the carbon content and spatial heterogeneity of 6 dimensions of 8 different scales(50, 100, 150,200, 250, 300, 350, 400 m) of single-tree branches, leaves, trunks, bark, roots and whole trees. And analyze the spatial heterogeneity of carbon content in various organs of different scales. Results show that the variabilitybased analysis method can describe the spatial heterogeneity of organ carbon content in different dimensions of P.kesiya var. langbianensis natural forest, and then explore the driving factors that produce this heterogeneity. For the natural forest of P. kesiya var. langbianensis, there is spatial heterogeneity in the carbon content of each dimension within the study area, and this heterogeneity is not randomly generated. The abutment value of the variogram can represent the size of the variation. From the omnidirectional point of view, the spatial variability of the root is the largest, and the spatial variability of the leaves is the smallest. The spatial heterogeneity of the carbon content of different dimensions of P. kesiya var. langbianensis natural forest in different directions is also different. The abutment values of carbon content in different dimensions of P. kesiya var. langbianensis natural forest decreased with the increase of scale, and the nugget value increased with the increase of scale, indicating that spatial heterogeneity is very sensitive to the research scale. For the future research on the carbon content of single wood, it is necessary to fully consider the space problem and select the scale with large spatial heterogeneity in order to better use the data to describe the spatial distribution of carbon content.
The carbon content of different organs of 37 strains of Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis natural forest in Lancang Lahu Autonomous County of Puer, Yunnan Province was determined. The variation function was used to test the carbon content and spatial heterogeneity of 6 dimensions of 8 different scales(50, 100, 150,200, 250, 300, 350, 400 m) of single-tree branches, leaves, trunks, bark, roots and whole trees. And analyze the spatial heterogeneity of carbon content in various organs of different scales. Results show that the variabilitybased analysis method can describe the spatial heterogeneity of organ carbon content in different dimensions of P.kesiya var. langbianensis natural forest, and then explore the driving factors that produce this heterogeneity. For the natural forest of P. kesiya var. langbianensis, there is spatial heterogeneity in the carbon content of each dimension within the study area, and this heterogeneity is not randomly generated. The abutment value of the variogram can represent the size of the variation. From the omnidirectional point of view, the spatial variability of the root is the largest, and the spatial variability of the leaves is the smallest. The spatial heterogeneity of the carbon content of different dimensions of P. kesiya var. langbianensis natural forest in different directions is also different. The abutment values of carbon content in different dimensions of P. kesiya var. langbianensis natural forest decreased with the increase of scale, and the nugget value increased with the increase of scale, indicating that spatial heterogeneity is very sensitive to the research scale. For the future research on the carbon content of single wood, it is necessary to fully consider the space problem and select the scale with large spatial heterogeneity in order to better use the data to describe the spatial distribution of carbon content.
引文
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[3]Goodale C L,Apps M J,Birdsey R A,et al.Forest carbon sinks in the Northern Hemisphere[J].Ecological Applications,2002,12(3):891-899.
[4]顾凯平,张坤,张丽霞.森林碳汇计量方法的研究[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2008,32(5):105-109.
[5]张坤.森林碳汇计量和核查方法研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2007.
[6]黄从德,张健,杨万勤,等.四川森林植被碳储量的时空变化[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(12):2687-2692.
[7]Valentini R,Matteucci G,Dolman A J,et al.Respiration as the main determinant of carbon balance in European forests[J].Nature,2000,404:861-865.
[8]刘畅,李凤日,贾炜玮,等.基于局域统计量的黑龙江省多尺度森林碳储量空间分布变化[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(9):2493-2500.
[9]Carroll R,Zhao S S.Gaining relevance from the random:Interpreting observed spatial heterogeneity[J].Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Epidemiology,2018,25:11-17.
[10]Luo J,Frisken S,Machado I,et al.Using the variogram for vector outlier screening:application to feature-based image registration[J].International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery,2018,13(12):1871-1880.
[11]万丽.基于变异函数的空间异质性定量分析[J].统计与决策,2006(4):26-27.
[12]温兆飞,张树清,白静,等.农田景观空间异质性分析及遥感监测最优尺度选择:以三江平原为例[J].地理学报,2012,67(3):346-356.
[13]魏凤英,曹鸿兴,徐祥德.变异函数在降水场空间特征分析中的应用[J].南京气象学院学报,2002,25(6):795-799.
[14]《云南森林》编写委员会.云南森林[M].昆明:云南科技出版社,1986.
[15]何志斌,赵文智,常学礼.荒漠绿洲过渡带植被空间异质性的可塑性面积单元问题[J].植物生态学报,2004,28(5):616-622.
[16]Rossi R E,Mulla D J,Journel A G,et al.Geostatisticaltools for modeling and interpreting ecological spatial dependence[J].Ecological Monographs,1992,62(2):277-314.
[17]Schlesinger W H,Raikes J A,Hartley A E,et al.On the spatial pattern of soil nutrients in desert ecosystems[J].Ecology,1996,77(2):364-374.
[18]任洁,王慧梅,王文杰,等.温度升高对杨树树皮绿色组织和叶片光合作用、叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].植物研究,2014,34(6):758-764.
[19]王政权,王庆成,李哈滨.红松老龄林主要树种的空间异质性特征与比较的定量研究[J].植物生态学报,2000,24(6):718-723.
[20]Fu W J,Jiang P K,Zhou G M,et al.Using Moran's Iand GIS to study the spatial pattern of forest litter carbon density in a subtropical region of southeastern China[J].Biogeosciences,2014,11(8):2401-2409.