{332}<113>孪晶与等温ω相的组合对不同O含量Ti-15Mo合金力学性能的影响
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摘要
利用OM、XRD、TEM、DSC、Vickers硬度计和拉伸试验机等研究了拉伸预变形诱发{332}<113>孪晶与随后时效析出等温w相对不同O含量(0.1%~0.5%,质量分数)β型Ti-15Mo合金力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着合金中O含量的增加,机械孪晶的形成以及等温w相的析出受到了抑制,且拉伸预变形诱发孪晶对等温w相析出的影响较小。经拉伸预变形和随后时效处理,低O含量合金呈现出较高的屈服强度和较好的均匀伸长率,而高O含量合金发生脆性断裂。孪生与位错滑移的耦合塑性变形使得低O含量合金呈现出良好的强度和塑性匹配,其高的屈服强度主要受位错滑移主导,良好的均匀伸长率主要归因于预变形诱发孪晶的静态晶粒细化以及后续孪生变形导致的动态晶粒细化效应。这些结果表明,通过对合金元素O的有效利用,以及合理的预变形与热处理制度,能够改变塑性变形方式和相析出行为,从而在较大范围内调控β型钛合金的强度和塑性匹配。
β-type alloys have a wide application prospect in aerospace,biomedical and marine engineering and other fields,owing to their high specific strength,good corrosion resistance and low elastic modulus.Their yield strength and uniform elongation are affected by the second phase precipitation,plastic deformation mode and interstitial element,especially the oxygen element.In this work,the effect of tensile pre-deformation induced {332} <113> twins combined with isothermal w-phase after subsequent ageing on the mechanical properties of b-type Ti-15 Mo alloy with different oxygen contents from 0.1% to0.5%(mass fraction) was examined by OM,XRD,TEM and DSC,Vickers hardness tester and tensile testing machine.The results indicated that with increasing the oxygen content,the formation of mechanical twins and isothermal w-phase in the alloy was suppressed,and the effect of pre-deformation induced twins on the precipitation of isothermal w-phase was negligible.After pre-deformation combined with subsequent ageing,the alloy with low oxygen content had the relatively high yield strength and large uniform elongation,but it with high oxygen content exhibited the brittle fracture.A good combination of strength with ductility in the alloy with low oxygen content was contributed to the twinning and dislocation slip coupled deformation.The high yield strength was mainly dominated by the dislocation slip,and the large uniform elongation was due to the static and dynamic grain refinement effects,which were caused by the pre-deformation induced twins and subsequent twinning deformation,respectively.Through utilizing the alloying element of oxygen effectively,and changing the plastic deformation mode and phase precipitation behavior based on the reasonable process of pre-deformation and heat treatment,the combination of strength and ductility can be controlled in a large range for the β-type titanium alloys.
β-type alloys have a wide application prospect in aerospace,biomedical and marine engineering and other fields,owing to their high specific strength,good corrosion resistance and low elastic modulus.Their yield strength and uniform elongation are affected by the second phase precipitation,plastic deformation mode and interstitial element,especially the oxygen element.In this work,the effect of tensile pre-deformation induced {332} <113> twins combined with isothermal w-phase after subsequent ageing on the mechanical properties of b-type Ti-15 Mo alloy with different oxygen contents from 0.1% to0.5%(mass fraction) was examined by OM,XRD,TEM and DSC,Vickers hardness tester and tensile testing machine.The results indicated that with increasing the oxygen content,the formation of mechanical twins and isothermal w-phase in the alloy was suppressed,and the effect of pre-deformation induced twins on the precipitation of isothermal w-phase was negligible.After pre-deformation combined with subsequent ageing,the alloy with low oxygen content had the relatively high yield strength and large uniform elongation,but it with high oxygen content exhibited the brittle fracture.A good combination of strength with ductility in the alloy with low oxygen content was contributed to the twinning and dislocation slip coupled deformation.The high yield strength was mainly dominated by the dislocation slip,and the large uniform elongation was due to the static and dynamic grain refinement effects,which were caused by the pre-deformation induced twins and subsequent twinning deformation,respectively.Through utilizing the alloying element of oxygen effectively,and changing the plastic deformation mode and phase precipitation behavior based on the reasonable process of pre-deformation and heat treatment,the combination of strength and ductility can be controlled in a large range for the β-type titanium alloys.
引文
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[28]Kim J,Kim H Y,Hosoda H,et al.Shape memory behavior of Ti-22Nb-(0.5-2.0)O(at%)biomedical alloys[J].Mater.Trans.,2005,46:852
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[31]Yin F X,Iwasaki S,Ping D H,et al.Snoek-type high-damping alloys realized in b-Ti alloys with high oxygen solid solution[J].Adv.Mater.,2006,18:1541
[32]Min X H,Emura S,Tsuchiya K,et al.Transition of multi-deformation modes in Ti-10Mo alloy with oxygen addition[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2014,A590:88
[33]Williams J C,Hickman B S,Leslie D H.The effect of ternary additions on the decompositon of metastable beta-phase titanium alloys[J].Metall.Trans.,1971,2:477
[34]Duan H P,Xu H X,Su W H,et al.Effect of oxygen on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-23Nb-0.7Ta-2Zr alloy[J].Int.J.Miner.Metall.Mater.,2012,19:1128
[35]Min X H,Bai P F,Emura S,et al.Effect of oxygen content on deformation mode and corrosion behavior in b-type Ti-Mo alloy[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2017,A684:534
[36]Wang K,Liang Q H,Zhou K,et al.Determination of oxygen in titanium-molybdenum alloy by inert gas fusion-infrared absorption method[J].Metall.Anal.,2015,35:61
[37]Tsuji N,Ito Y,Saito Y,et al.Strength and ductility of ultrafine grained aluminum and iron produced by ARB and annealing[J].Scr.Mater.,2002,47:893
[38]Takata N,Ohtake Y,Kita K,et al.Increasing the ductility of ultrafine-grained copper alloy by introducing fine precipitates[J].Scr.Mater.,2009,60:590
[39]Collings E W,Ho J C.Solute-induced lattice stability as it relates to superconductivity in titanium-molybdenum alloys[J].Solid State Commun.,1976,18:1493
[40]Abdel-Hady M,Hinoshita K,Morinaga M.General approach to phase stability and elastic properties of b-type Ti-alloys using electronic parameters[J].Scr.Mater.,2006,55:477
[41]Abdel-Hady M,Fuwa H,Hinoshita K,et al.Phase stability change with Zr content in b-type Ti-Nb alloys[J].Scr.Mater.,2007,57:1000
[42]Hanada S,Izumi O.Transmission electron microscopic observations of mechanical twinning in metastable beta titanium alloys[J].Metall.Trans.,1986,17A:1409
[43]Crocker A G.Twinned martensite[J].Acta Metall.,1962,10:113
[44]Tobe H,Kim H Y,Inamura T,et al.Origin of{332}twinning in metastable b-Ti alloys[J].Acta Mater.,2014,64:345
[45]Kawabata T,Kawasaki S,Izumi O.Mechanical properties of Ti NbTa single crystals at cryogenic temperatures[J].Acta Mater.,1998,46:2705
[46]Litvinov V S,Rusakov G M.Twinning on the{332}<113ˉ>system in unstable b titanium alloys[J].Phys.Met.Metall.,2000,90:96
[47]Takemoto Y,Hida M,Sakakibara A.Martensitic{332}<113>twin in b type Ti-Mo alloy[J].J.Jpn.Inst.Met.,1996,60:1072
[48]Lai M J,Tasan C C,Raabe D.On the mechanism of{332}twinning in metastable b titanium alloys[J].Acta Mater.,2016,111:173
[49]Williams J C,De Fontaine D,Paton N E.The w-phase as an example of an unusual shear transformation[J].Metall.Trans.,1973,4:2701
[50]Liu H H,Niinomi M,Nakai M,et al.Mechanical properties and cytocompatibility of oxygen-modified b-type Ti-Cr alloys for spinal fixation devices[J].Acta Biomater.,2015,12:352
[51]Niu J G,Ping D H,Ohno T,et al.Suppression effect of oxygen on the b to w transformation in a b-type Ti alloy:Insights from firstprinciples[J].Model.Simul.Mater.Sci.Eng.,2014,22:015007
[52]Kissinger H E.Reaction kinetics in differential thermal analysis[J].Anal.Chem.,1957,29:1702
[53]Hanada S,Ozeki M,Izumi O.Deformation characteristics in b phase Ti-Nb alloys[J].Metall.Trans.,1985,16A:789
[54]Banerjee S,Naik U M.Plastic instability in an omega forming Ti-15%Mo alloy[J].Acta Mater.,1996,44:3667
[55]Dini G,Ueji R,Najafizadeh A,et al.Flow stress analysis of TWIPsteel via the XRD measurement of dislocation density[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2010,A527:2759
[56]Idrissi H,Renard K,Schryvers D,et al.On the relationship between the twin internal structure and the work-hardening rate of TWIP steels[J].Scr.Mater.,2010,63:961
[57]Allain S,Chateau J P,Bouaziz O.A physical model of the twinning-induced plasticity effect in a high manganese austenitic steel[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2004,A387-389:143
[58]Rusakov G M,Litvinov A V,Litvinov V S.Deformation twinning of titanium b alloys of transition class[J].Met.Sci.Heat Treat.,2006,48:244
[59]Zhou X Y,Min X H,Emura S,et al.Accommodative{332}<113>primary and secondary twinning in a slightly deformed b-type TiMo titanium alloy[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2017,A684:456
[2]Boyer R R.Titanium for aerospace:Rationale and applications[J].Adv.Perform.Mater.,1995,2:349
[3]Wang K.The use of titanium for medical applications in the USA[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,1996,A213:134
[4]Kolli R P,Joost W J,Ankem S.Phase stability and stress-induced transformations in beta titanium alloys[J].JOM,2015,67:1273
[5]Banerjee D,Williams J C.Perspectives on titanium science and technology[J].Acta Mater.,2013,61:844
[6]Min X H,Emura S,Nishimura T,et al.Microstructure,tensile deformation mode and crevice corrosion resistance in Ti-10Mo-x Fe alloys[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2010,A527:5499
[7]Zhao X F,Niinomi M,Nakai M,et al.Beta type Ti-Mo alloys with changeable Young's modulus for spinal fixation applications[J].Acta Biomater.,2012,8:1990
[8]Hanada S,Izumi O.Correlation of tensile properties,deformation modes,and phase stability in commercial b-phase titanium alloys[J].Metall.Mater.Trans.,1987,18A:265
[9]Ahmed M,Wexler D,Casillas G,et al.The influence of b phase stability on deformation mode and compressive mechanical properties of Ti-10V-3Fe-3Al alloy[J].Acta Mater.,2015,84:124
[10]Bowen A W.Omega phase embrittlement in aged Ti-15%Mo[J].Scr.Metall.,1971,5:709
[11]Min X H,Emura S,Zhang L,et al.Improvement of strength-ductility tradeoff in b titanium alloy through pre-strain induced twins combined with brittle w phase[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2015,A646:279
[12]Takemoto Y,Shimizu I,Sakakibara A,et al.Tensile behavior and cold workability of Ti-Mo alloys[J].Mater.Trans.,2004,45:1571
[13]Min X H,Emura S,Sekido N,et al.Effects of Fe addition on tensile deformation mode and crevice corrosion resistance in Ti-15Mo alloy[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2010,A527:2693
[14]Neelakantan S,Galindo-Nava E I,Martin D S,et al.Modelling and design of stress-induced martensite formation in metastable b Ti alloys[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2014,A590:140
[15]Hanada S,Izumi O.Transmission electron microscopic observations of mechanical twinning in metastable beta titanium alloys[J].Metall.Trans.,1986,17A:1409
[16]Marteleur M,Sun F,Gloriant T,et al.On the design of new bmetastable titanium alloys with improved work hardening rate thanks to simultaneous TRIP and TWIP effects[J].Scr.Mater.,2012,66:749
[17]Han H N,Oh C S,Kim G,et al.Design method for TRIP-aided multiphase steel based on a microstructure-based modelling for transformation-induced plasticity and mechanically induced martensitic transformation[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2009,A499:462
[18]Steinmetz D R,J?pel T,Wietbrock B,et al.Revealing the strainhardening behavior of twinning-induced plasticity steels:Theory,simulations,experiments[J].Acta Mater.,2013,61:494
[19]Jeong K,Jin J E,Jung Y S,et al.The effects of Si on the mechanical twinning and strain hardening of Fe-18Mn-0.6C twinning-induced plasticity steel[J].Acta Mater.,2013,61:3399
[20]Mahato B,Shee S K,Sahu T,et al.An effective stacking fault energy viewpoint on the formation of extended defects and their contribution to strain hardening in a Fe-Mn-Si-Al twinning-induced plasticity steel[J].Acta Mater.,2015,86:69
[21]Zhang H K,Zhang Z J,Zhang Z F.Comparison of twinning evolution with work hardening ability in twinning-induced plasticity steel under different strain rates[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2015,A622:184
[22]He B B,Luo H W,Huang M X.Experimental investigation on a novel medium Mn steel combining transformation-induced plasticity and twinning-induced plasticity effects[J].Int.J.Plast.,2016,78:173
[23]Min X H,Emura S,Nishimura T,et al.Effects of a phase precipitation on crevice corrosion and tensile strength in Ti-15Mo alloy[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2010,A527:1480
[24]Min X H,Tsuzaki K,Emura S,et al.Enhanced uniform elongation by pre-straining with deformation twinning in high-strength btitanium alloys with an isothermal w-phase[J].Philos.Mag.Lett.,2012,92:726
[25]Min X H,Emura S,Meng F,et al.Mechanical twinning and dislocation slip multilayered deformation microstructures in b-type TiMo base alloy[J].Scr.Mater.,2015,102:79
[26]Xiang L,Min X H,Ji X,et al.Effect of pre-cold rolling-induced twins and subsequent precipitated w-phase on mechanical properties in a b-type Ti-Mo alloy[J].Acta.Metall.Sin.(Engl.Lett.),2018,31:604
[27]Niinomo M,Nakai M,Hendrickson M,et al.Influence of oxygen on omega phase stability in the Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr alloy[J].Scr.Mater.,2016,123:144
[28]Kim J,Kim H Y,Hosoda H,et al.Shape memory behavior of Ti-22Nb-(0.5-2.0)O(at%)biomedical alloys[J].Mater.Trans.,2005,46:852
[29]Hanada S,Takemura A,Izumi O.The mode of plastic deformation of b Ti-V alloys[J].Trans.Jpn.Inst.Met.,1982,23:507
[30]Furuta T,Kuramoto S,Rong C,et al.Effect of oxygen on phase stability and elastic deformation behavior in gum metal[J].J.Jpn.Inst.Met.,2006,70:579
[31]Yin F X,Iwasaki S,Ping D H,et al.Snoek-type high-damping alloys realized in b-Ti alloys with high oxygen solid solution[J].Adv.Mater.,2006,18:1541
[32]Min X H,Emura S,Tsuchiya K,et al.Transition of multi-deformation modes in Ti-10Mo alloy with oxygen addition[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2014,A590:88
[33]Williams J C,Hickman B S,Leslie D H.The effect of ternary additions on the decompositon of metastable beta-phase titanium alloys[J].Metall.Trans.,1971,2:477
[34]Duan H P,Xu H X,Su W H,et al.Effect of oxygen on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-23Nb-0.7Ta-2Zr alloy[J].Int.J.Miner.Metall.Mater.,2012,19:1128
[35]Min X H,Bai P F,Emura S,et al.Effect of oxygen content on deformation mode and corrosion behavior in b-type Ti-Mo alloy[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2017,A684:534
[36]Wang K,Liang Q H,Zhou K,et al.Determination of oxygen in titanium-molybdenum alloy by inert gas fusion-infrared absorption method[J].Metall.Anal.,2015,35:61
[37]Tsuji N,Ito Y,Saito Y,et al.Strength and ductility of ultrafine grained aluminum and iron produced by ARB and annealing[J].Scr.Mater.,2002,47:893
[38]Takata N,Ohtake Y,Kita K,et al.Increasing the ductility of ultrafine-grained copper alloy by introducing fine precipitates[J].Scr.Mater.,2009,60:590
[39]Collings E W,Ho J C.Solute-induced lattice stability as it relates to superconductivity in titanium-molybdenum alloys[J].Solid State Commun.,1976,18:1493
[40]Abdel-Hady M,Hinoshita K,Morinaga M.General approach to phase stability and elastic properties of b-type Ti-alloys using electronic parameters[J].Scr.Mater.,2006,55:477
[41]Abdel-Hady M,Fuwa H,Hinoshita K,et al.Phase stability change with Zr content in b-type Ti-Nb alloys[J].Scr.Mater.,2007,57:1000
[42]Hanada S,Izumi O.Transmission electron microscopic observations of mechanical twinning in metastable beta titanium alloys[J].Metall.Trans.,1986,17A:1409
[43]Crocker A G.Twinned martensite[J].Acta Metall.,1962,10:113
[44]Tobe H,Kim H Y,Inamura T,et al.Origin of{332}twinning in metastable b-Ti alloys[J].Acta Mater.,2014,64:345
[45]Kawabata T,Kawasaki S,Izumi O.Mechanical properties of Ti NbTa single crystals at cryogenic temperatures[J].Acta Mater.,1998,46:2705
[46]Litvinov V S,Rusakov G M.Twinning on the{332}<113ˉ>system in unstable b titanium alloys[J].Phys.Met.Metall.,2000,90:96
[47]Takemoto Y,Hida M,Sakakibara A.Martensitic{332}<113>twin in b type Ti-Mo alloy[J].J.Jpn.Inst.Met.,1996,60:1072
[48]Lai M J,Tasan C C,Raabe D.On the mechanism of{332}twinning in metastable b titanium alloys[J].Acta Mater.,2016,111:173
[49]Williams J C,De Fontaine D,Paton N E.The w-phase as an example of an unusual shear transformation[J].Metall.Trans.,1973,4:2701
[50]Liu H H,Niinomi M,Nakai M,et al.Mechanical properties and cytocompatibility of oxygen-modified b-type Ti-Cr alloys for spinal fixation devices[J].Acta Biomater.,2015,12:352
[51]Niu J G,Ping D H,Ohno T,et al.Suppression effect of oxygen on the b to w transformation in a b-type Ti alloy:Insights from firstprinciples[J].Model.Simul.Mater.Sci.Eng.,2014,22:015007
[52]Kissinger H E.Reaction kinetics in differential thermal analysis[J].Anal.Chem.,1957,29:1702
[53]Hanada S,Ozeki M,Izumi O.Deformation characteristics in b phase Ti-Nb alloys[J].Metall.Trans.,1985,16A:789
[54]Banerjee S,Naik U M.Plastic instability in an omega forming Ti-15%Mo alloy[J].Acta Mater.,1996,44:3667
[55]Dini G,Ueji R,Najafizadeh A,et al.Flow stress analysis of TWIPsteel via the XRD measurement of dislocation density[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2010,A527:2759
[56]Idrissi H,Renard K,Schryvers D,et al.On the relationship between the twin internal structure and the work-hardening rate of TWIP steels[J].Scr.Mater.,2010,63:961
[57]Allain S,Chateau J P,Bouaziz O.A physical model of the twinning-induced plasticity effect in a high manganese austenitic steel[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2004,A387-389:143
[58]Rusakov G M,Litvinov A V,Litvinov V S.Deformation twinning of titanium b alloys of transition class[J].Met.Sci.Heat Treat.,2006,48:244
[59]Zhou X Y,Min X H,Emura S,et al.Accommodative{332}<113>primary and secondary twinning in a slightly deformed b-type TiMo titanium alloy[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2017,A684:456