超滑表面(LIS/SLIPS)的设计与制备研究进展
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摘要
仿生猪笼草结构的超滑表面(LIS/SLIPS)是一种通过将低表面能液体注入微纳孔而形成的固液复合结构,其具有优异的疏液、不粘附、自修复等特性,成为表界面领域的研究热点。综述了超滑表面制备过程中的经验、争议、误解与盲点,并讨论了超滑表面可能产生的失效。通过对比超滑表面与超疏水涂层结构的差异,分析了超滑涂层在滑动性、稳定性、自修复性等方面与超疏水的联系、区别以及超滑涂层表面四个相态间的作用关系,总结出超滑涂层设计的基本物理模型。从超滑涂层制备工艺,包括基底制备、基底修饰、润滑油选择、润滑油灌注等四个方面,详细梳理了超滑表面制备要点及选材标准,并讨论了超滑表面制备工艺存在的诸多争议。研究发现,超滑表面多孔结构的粗糙度对于形成稳定界面至关重要,有着其特殊的尺寸范围。为了追求疏液性能而选取表面能过低的润滑油不可取,过低表面能反而会引起cloak效应,最终导致油膜流失,而如何将润滑油完全填充到多孔结构中也被许多学者忽视,并且不合理的设计制备以及服役环境也将造成超滑表面的失效。最后展望了未来超滑表面制备应朝着工艺简化、性能稳定长效、多功能化、智能化方向发展。
Inspired by structure of Nepenthes plants, a new designed solid-liquid surface called lubricant infused surface(LIS) or slippery liquid infused porous surface(SLIPS) has been invented by infusing lubricant with low surface energy into porous micro/nanosubstrate. The lubricant infused surface(LIS) or slippery liquid infused porous surface(SLIPS) is becoming a new research hotspot in surface interface field due to excellent properties like superhydrophobic, inadhesion, self-healing, etc. The achievement, controversy and blind spots in designing and fabricating LIS/SLIPS as well as its degradation process were reviewed and the failure possibly caused by LIS/SLIPS was also discussed. By comparing the differences between LIS/SLIPS and superhydrophobic in microstructure, the correlation and distinguish of properties in sliding, durability, self-healing, and transparency as well as the interaction relation among four phases on LIS/SLIPS coating surface were analyzed. Then, a basicphysical model was summarized to guide the design of LIS/SLIPS. The essential points in preparation process and material choice of LIS/SLIPS were analyzed from four parts, substrate preparation, modification, selection of lubricant, and lubricant impregnation. The problems in the fabrication process of LIS/SLIPS were also discussed. The roughness of porous substrate on LIS/SLIPS was important to the formation of stable interface and had the special value range. It was unwise to select lubricant with lower surface energy for hydrophobic performance, because lower surface energy could lead to the cloaking phenonmen and final deteraration. Beside, the complete impregnation of lubricant in porous substrate was usually ignored by researchers. Unreasonable design and serve inviroment could also lead to failure of LIS/SLIPS. LIS/SLIPS is expected to develop to simple process, stable property, multifunction, and smarting in the future.
Inspired by structure of Nepenthes plants, a new designed solid-liquid surface called lubricant infused surface(LIS) or slippery liquid infused porous surface(SLIPS) has been invented by infusing lubricant with low surface energy into porous micro/nanosubstrate. The lubricant infused surface(LIS) or slippery liquid infused porous surface(SLIPS) is becoming a new research hotspot in surface interface field due to excellent properties like superhydrophobic, inadhesion, self-healing, etc. The achievement, controversy and blind spots in designing and fabricating LIS/SLIPS as well as its degradation process were reviewed and the failure possibly caused by LIS/SLIPS was also discussed. By comparing the differences between LIS/SLIPS and superhydrophobic in microstructure, the correlation and distinguish of properties in sliding, durability, self-healing, and transparency as well as the interaction relation among four phases on LIS/SLIPS coating surface were analyzed. Then, a basicphysical model was summarized to guide the design of LIS/SLIPS. The essential points in preparation process and material choice of LIS/SLIPS were analyzed from four parts, substrate preparation, modification, selection of lubricant, and lubricant impregnation. The problems in the fabrication process of LIS/SLIPS were also discussed. The roughness of porous substrate on LIS/SLIPS was important to the formation of stable interface and had the special value range. It was unwise to select lubricant with lower surface energy for hydrophobic performance, because lower surface energy could lead to the cloaking phenonmen and final deteraration. Beside, the complete impregnation of lubricant in porous substrate was usually ignored by researchers. Unreasonable design and serve inviroment could also lead to failure of LIS/SLIPS. LIS/SLIPS is expected to develop to simple process, stable property, multifunction, and smarting in the future.
引文
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