移动式光伏板积灰干式清洗装置研制及应用
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摘要
我国光伏电站集中在太阳能丰富,但缺水、少水、多扬尘的西北、东北地区,导致光伏板积灰问题严重,影响光伏电站运行的安全性和经济性。设计并试制了一种旋转滚刷与真空吸尘组合清洗的移动式干式清洗装置,在吉林省某光伏电站进行现场试验,基于试验数据定量评价干式清洗效果,拟定清洗速率、耗费、投资回收周期、年累计清洗费用等技术经济评估方法。结果表明:干式清洗可将积灰6～14天的光伏板电功率提高3.14%～6.71%,清洗速率可达1.5h/MW,单位容量单次清洗耗费为0.028万元/MW;与光伏电站实施的每季度、月水清洗方法比较,50MW电站投资回收周期分别为1.71、0.50年,全国年累计干式清洗费用20 922.7、43 454.9万元,为水清洗费用的16.8%、11.6%,实现了高效、节水、经济清洗。
Most of the photovoltaic(PV) plants are installed in northwest and northeast areas of China with rich solar energy. Coincidently, these areas are also characterized by high airborne-particle environments and water shortages,resulting in serious dust on PV panels. The dust can endanger safety and economy of PV plant operation. A novel movable dry cleaning system(MDCS) was designed and manufactured with a combined composition of dry roller brush and vacuum absorption. Moreover, the cleaning effect was evaluated through the field test in a PV plant located in Jilin Province,and the technical and economic assessment indexes of cleaning rate, consumption, investment recovery cycle and the annual cleaning costs were proposed. The field test results show that output power of PV array can be increased by 3.14%～6.71%after dust accumulation for 6～14 days, the cleaning rate is up to1.5 h/MW, the cleaning costs is 280 RMB/MW, compared with the site operation condition of water cleaning cycle of a quarter or a month for a 50 MW PV plant, the investment recovery cycle is 1.71 or 0.50 years, and the national dry cleaning costs is 20 992.7?104 or 43 454.9?104 RMB per year, accounting for16.8% or 11.6% of the water cleaning costs. That is, the MDCS can accomplish three goals at the same time: high efficiency,water saving and low cost.
Most of the photovoltaic(PV) plants are installed in northwest and northeast areas of China with rich solar energy. Coincidently, these areas are also characterized by high airborne-particle environments and water shortages,resulting in serious dust on PV panels. The dust can endanger safety and economy of PV plant operation. A novel movable dry cleaning system(MDCS) was designed and manufactured with a combined composition of dry roller brush and vacuum absorption. Moreover, the cleaning effect was evaluated through the field test in a PV plant located in Jilin Province,and the technical and economic assessment indexes of cleaning rate, consumption, investment recovery cycle and the annual cleaning costs were proposed. The field test results show that output power of PV array can be increased by 3.14%～6.71%after dust accumulation for 6～14 days, the cleaning rate is up to1.5 h/MW, the cleaning costs is 280 RMB/MW, compared with the site operation condition of water cleaning cycle of a quarter or a month for a 50 MW PV plant, the investment recovery cycle is 1.71 or 0.50 years, and the national dry cleaning costs is 20 992.7?104 or 43 454.9?104 RMB per year, accounting for16.8% or 11.6% of the water cleaning costs. That is, the MDCS can accomplish three goals at the same time: high efficiency,water saving and low cost.
引文
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[18]闫九祥,王亚丽,魏盼盼,等.一种新型太阳能光伏板清洁机器人控制系统的设计[J].山东科学,2017,30(4):112-117.Yan Jiuxiang,Wang Yali,Wei Panpan,et al.Desigh of a control system of new-type cleaning robots for photovoltaics[J].Shandong Science,2017,30(4):112-117(in Chinese).
[19]Anderson M,Grandy A,Hastie J,et al.Robotic device for cleaning photovoltaic panel arrays[C]//International Conference on Climbing and Walking Robots and the Support Technologies for Mobile Machines.Istanbul,Turkey,2009.
[20]王哲,林燕梅,杨静,等.光伏组件无水清洁探讨研究[J].太阳能,2016(2):39-42.Wang Zhe,Lin Yanmei,Yang Jing,et al.Research on the waterless cleaning of photovoltaic modules[J].Solar Energy,2016(2):39-42(in Chinese).
[21]陈立军,米利俊,徐超,等.新型复合动力/制冷循环空冷系统电站的经济分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(S1):54-58.Chen Lijun,Mi Lijun,Xu Chao,et al.Economic analysis on the combined power/refrigerating cycle air cooling system in power plant[J].Proceeding of the CSEE,2010,30(S1):54-58(in Chinese).
[2]Jiang Hai,Lu Lin,Sun Ke.Experimental investigation of the impact of airborne dust deposition on the performance of solar photovoltaic(PV)modules[J].Atmospheric Environment,2011,45(25):4299-4304.
[3]Haeberlin H,Graf J D.Gradual reduction of PV generator yield due to pollution[C]//Proceedings of 2nd World Conference on Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conversion.Vienna,Austria,1998.
[4]陈东兵,李达新,时剑,等.光伏组件表面积尘及立杆阴影对电站发电功率影响的测试分析[J].太阳能,2011(9):39-41.Chen Dongbing,Li Daxin,Shi Jian,et al.Measurement and analysis for effect of PV module surface dust and pole shadow in the PV field[J].Solar Energy,2011(9):39-41(in Chinese).
[5]李练兵,王增喜,刘斌,等.太阳电池积灰对其发电性能影响的研究[J].太阳能学报,2016,37(6):1418-1422.Li Lianbing,Wang Zengxi,Liu Bin,et al.Influence study of dust on power generation performance of PV module[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2016,37(6):1418-1422(in Chinese).
[6]Elminir H K,Ghitas A E,Hamid R H,et al.Effect of dust on the transparent cover of solar collectors[J].Energy Conversion Management,2006,47(18-19):3192-3203.
[7]Tatom F B,Srepel V,Johnson N A.Lunar dust degradation effects and removal/prevention concepts[R].Washington:NASA,1967.
[8]Sayyah A,Horenstein M N,Mazumder M K,et al.Electrostatic force distribution on an electrodynamic screen[J].Journal of Electrostatics,2016,81:24-36.
[9]Mazumder M K,Horenstein M N,Joglekar N R,et al.Mitigation of dust impact on solar collectors by water-Free cleaning with transparent electrodynamic films:progress and challenges[J].IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics,2017,7(5):1342-1353.
[10]Rios P F,Dodiuk H,Kenig S.Self-cleaning coatings[J].Surface Engineering,2009,25(2):89-92.
[11]Zhong Hong,Hu Yan,Wang Yuanhao,et al.Ti O2/silane coupling agent composed of two layers structure:Asuper-hydrophilic self-cleaning coating applied in PVpanels[J].Applied Energy,2017,204:932-938.
[12]Chang K C,Chen Yukai,Chen Hui.Preparation and characterization of superhydrophobic silica-based surfaces by using polypropylene glycol and tetraethoxysilane precursors[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2007,201(24):9579-9586.
[13]Deb D,Brahmbhatt N L.Review of yield increase of solar panels through soiling prevention,and a proposed water-free automated cleaning solution[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2018,82:3306-3313.
[14]Jiang Yu,Lu Lin,Ferro A R,et al.Analyzing wind cleaning process on the accumulated dust on solar photovoltaic(PV)modules on flat surfaces[J].Solar Energy,2018,159:1031-1036.
[15]Al Shehri A,Parrott B,Carrasco P,et al.Impact of dust deposition and brush-based dry cleaning on glass transmittance for PV modules applications[J].Solar Energy,2016,135:317-324.
[16]徐志明,曲宏伟,王靖雯,等.太阳能光伏板积灰的最佳清扫周期[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,36(6):1738-1742.Xu Zhiming,Qu Hongwei,Wang Jingwen,et al.Dusty PV modules optimal cleaning cycle[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,36(6):1738-1742(in Chinese).
[17]郭枭,澈力格尔,韩雪,等.考虑光伏组件发电性能的自动除尘系统运行时间优化[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(21):211-219.Guo Xiao,Che Ligeer,Han Xue,et al.Optimization of running time of automatic dedusting system considered generating performance of PV mudules[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(21):211-219(in Chinese).
[18]闫九祥,王亚丽,魏盼盼,等.一种新型太阳能光伏板清洁机器人控制系统的设计[J].山东科学,2017,30(4):112-117.Yan Jiuxiang,Wang Yali,Wei Panpan,et al.Desigh of a control system of new-type cleaning robots for photovoltaics[J].Shandong Science,2017,30(4):112-117(in Chinese).
[19]Anderson M,Grandy A,Hastie J,et al.Robotic device for cleaning photovoltaic panel arrays[C]//International Conference on Climbing and Walking Robots and the Support Technologies for Mobile Machines.Istanbul,Turkey,2009.
[20]王哲,林燕梅,杨静,等.光伏组件无水清洁探讨研究[J].太阳能,2016(2):39-42.Wang Zhe,Lin Yanmei,Yang Jing,et al.Research on the waterless cleaning of photovoltaic modules[J].Solar Energy,2016(2):39-42(in Chinese).
[21]陈立军,米利俊,徐超,等.新型复合动力/制冷循环空冷系统电站的经济分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(S1):54-58.Chen Lijun,Mi Lijun,Xu Chao,et al.Economic analysis on the combined power/refrigerating cycle air cooling system in power plant[J].Proceeding of the CSEE,2010,30(S1):54-58(in Chinese).