考虑街区尺寸的不同交通方式广义出行成本分析
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摘要
我国的城市规划理念逐渐从封闭小区转向开放街区,以实现街区内部道路公共化,优化路网布局.但不同街区模式对城市交通的具体影响缺乏定量研究.为此,本文区分街区内外部出行,分析了街区尺寸对城市路网交通性能(出行距离、时间及转弯次数)的影响,并基于出行时间和费用,构建了各种交通方式广义出行成本,分析其在不同街区尺寸下的变化特征.结果表明,给定路网规模下,街区尺寸越大,平均内部出行时间占比越高,越不利于公共交通出行,例如当街区尺寸为600 m时,公共交通方式下的平均内部出行时间占比高于私家车10%.未来城市规划需更多地考虑街区尺寸的影响.
The concept of urban planning in China is gradually shifting from the closed community to the open block, so as to share interior road to the public and then optimize the road network layout. However, there is a lack of quantitative research on the specific influence of different block sizes on urban traffic. Therefore, this paper divides the traffic into two parts: traffic inside the block and outside the block, and then analyzes the impact of block size on the traffic performance(such as travel distance, travel time and number of turnings) of different transport modes. Travel time and travel fee are regarded as the generalized travel cost. The results show that under a given network scale, as the increase of block size, the percentage of average total travel time that happens inside the block increases, and the less friendly the system becomes for public transport. For example, the proportion of the average inside travel time to total time of public transportation users is 10% higher than that of private car users in a network with block size 600 m. The impact of block size on traffic performance should be taken more account into urban and traffic planning.
The concept of urban planning in China is gradually shifting from the closed community to the open block, so as to share interior road to the public and then optimize the road network layout. However, there is a lack of quantitative research on the specific influence of different block sizes on urban traffic. Therefore, this paper divides the traffic into two parts: traffic inside the block and outside the block, and then analyzes the impact of block size on the traffic performance(such as travel distance, travel time and number of turnings) of different transport modes. Travel time and travel fee are regarded as the generalized travel cost. The results show that under a given network scale, as the increase of block size, the percentage of average total travel time that happens inside the block increases, and the less friendly the system becomes for public transport. For example, the proportion of the average inside travel time to total time of public transportation users is 10% higher than that of private car users in a network with block size 600 m. The impact of block size on traffic performance should be taken more account into urban and traffic planning.
引文
[1]周霞.开放或封闭——街区综合评价模型研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学, 2017.[ZHOU X. Open or close:Research on comprehensive evaluation model of block[D]. Xi'an:Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 2017.]
[2]胡祖平,何建佳.基于网络可靠性的街区开放适宜度研究[J].公路交通科技, 2018, 35(4):79-83.[HU Z P,HE J J. Study of suitable size of block opening based on network reliability[J]. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development, 2018, 35(4):79-83.]
[3] RANDALL C. The influence of urban form on travel:an interpretive review[J]. Journal of Planning Literature,2000, 15(1):3-23.
[4] WESLEY E M, NORMAN W G. Does street network design affect traffic safety?[J] Accident Analysis&Prevention, 2011, 43(3):769-781.
[5] MüHLICH N, GAYAH V V, MENENDEZ M. An examination of the MFD hysteresis patterns for hierarchical urban street networks using microsimulation[J]. Transportation Research Record:Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2015(2491):117-126.
[6] ORTIGOSA J, MENENDEZ M, GAYAH V V. Analysis of the network exit functions for various urban grid network configurations[J]. Transportation Research Record:Journal of the Transportation Research Board,2015(2491):12-21.
[7] GAYAH V V, DAGANZO C F. Analytical capacity comparison of one-way and two-way signalized street networks[J]. Transportation Research Record:Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2012(2301):76-85.
[2]胡祖平,何建佳.基于网络可靠性的街区开放适宜度研究[J].公路交通科技, 2018, 35(4):79-83.[HU Z P,HE J J. Study of suitable size of block opening based on network reliability[J]. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development, 2018, 35(4):79-83.]
[3] RANDALL C. The influence of urban form on travel:an interpretive review[J]. Journal of Planning Literature,2000, 15(1):3-23.
[4] WESLEY E M, NORMAN W G. Does street network design affect traffic safety?[J] Accident Analysis&Prevention, 2011, 43(3):769-781.
[5] MüHLICH N, GAYAH V V, MENENDEZ M. An examination of the MFD hysteresis patterns for hierarchical urban street networks using microsimulation[J]. Transportation Research Record:Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2015(2491):117-126.
[6] ORTIGOSA J, MENENDEZ M, GAYAH V V. Analysis of the network exit functions for various urban grid network configurations[J]. Transportation Research Record:Journal of the Transportation Research Board,2015(2491):12-21.
[7] GAYAH V V, DAGANZO C F. Analytical capacity comparison of one-way and two-way signalized street networks[J]. Transportation Research Record:Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2012(2301):76-85.