DNA标记技术在螨类系统学研究中的应用
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摘要
长期以来,螨类主要依靠其形态特征进行系统学研究。DNA标记是指能反映生物个体或物种间基因组中某种差异特征的DNA片段。近年来,DNA标记技术在螨类系统学研究中得到越来越广泛的应用。本文综述了随机扩增多态性RAPD、限制性内切酶片段长度多态性RFLP、微卫星SSR、核酸序列扩增、扩增片段长度多态性AFLP和直接扩增片段长度多态性DALP等6种DNA标记技术在螨类系统学研究中的应用现状及前景。
For a long time, mites mainly rely on the morphological characteristics in the systematic study. DNA markers are DNA fragments which can reflect the characteristics of the genome between individual species or species. Recently, the application of DNA markers has become more and more important in the systematic study of mites. The present situation and prospect of DNA markers, RAPD(Random Amplified Polymorphic), RFLP(Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism), SSR(Simple Sequence Repeat),DNA Sequence Analysis, AFLP(Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) and DALP(Direct Amplification of Length Polymorphism), used in the systematic study of mites are described here, which will be helpful for research on acarology.
For a long time, mites mainly rely on the morphological characteristics in the systematic study. DNA markers are DNA fragments which can reflect the characteristics of the genome between individual species or species. Recently, the application of DNA markers has become more and more important in the systematic study of mites. The present situation and prospect of DNA markers, RAPD(Random Amplified Polymorphic), RFLP(Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism), SSR(Simple Sequence Repeat),DNA Sequence Analysis, AFLP(Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) and DALP(Direct Amplification of Length Polymorphism), used in the systematic study of mites are described here, which will be helpful for research on acarology.
引文
[1]Navajas M,Fenton B.The application of molecular markers in the study of diversity in acarology:a review[J].Exp Appl Acarol,2000,24(10-11):e270-e271
[2]Cruickshank RH.Molecular markers for the phylogenetics of mites and ticks[J].Syst Appl Acarol,2010,(3):3-14
[3]Williams JG,Kubelik AR,Livak KJ,et al.DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers[J].Nucleic Acids Res,1990,18(22):6531-6535
[4]张旭,金道超,郭建军,等.螨类系统学研究中的分子标记[J].应用昆虫学报,2008,45(2):198-203Zhang Xu,Jin Dao-chao,Guo Jian-jun,et al.The molecular markers in the systematic study of mites[J].Chin Bull Entomol,2008,45(2):198-203
[5]赵岩.几种分子标记技术在蠕形螨研究上的应用分析[J].医学动物防制,2011,(7):622-623Zhao Yan.The application analysis of several molecular markers in the research on Demodex[J].J Med Pest Contrl,2011,(7):622-623
[6]Yli-Mattila T,Paavanen-Huhtala S,Fenton B,et al.Species and strain identification of the predatory mite Euseius finlandicus by RAPD-PCR and ITS sequences[J].Exp Appl Acarol,2000,24(10-11):863-880
[7]Rodrigues JCV,Gallo-Meagher M,Ochoa R,et al.Mitochondrial DNA and RAPD polymorphisms in the haploid mite Brevipalpus phoenicis(Acari:Tenuipalpidae)[J].Exp Appl Acarol,2004,34(3-4):275-290
[8]赵亚娥,成慧.毛囊蠕形螨与皮脂蠕形螨基因组DNA的RAPD分析和序列比对[J].昆虫学报,2009,52(11):1273-1279Zhao Ya-e,Cheng Hui.RAPD analysis and sequence alignment of genomic DNA of hair follicle mites Demodex folliculorum and D.brevis(Acari Demodicidae)[J].Acta Entomol Sin,2009,52(11):1273-1279
[9]Guerra JCR,Issa MR,Carneiro FE,et al.RAPD identification of Varroa destructor genotypes in Brazil and other regions of the Americas[J].Genet Mol Res Gmr,2010,9(1):303-308
[10]赵岩.三种蠕形螨的形态学和RAPD研究[D].山东大学,2007:47-52Zhao Yan.Study of morphology and RAPD of three species of Demodex[D].Shandong University,2007:47-52
[11]Liu YX,Zhao ZT,Gao Y,et al.Characterization of Orientia tsutsugamushi strains isolated in Shandong Province,China by immunofluorescence and restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP)analyses[J].Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health,2004,35(2):353-357
[12]Carew ME,Goodisman MAD,Hoffmann AA.Species status and population genetic structure of grapevine eriophyoid mites[J].Entomol Exp Appl,2004,111(2):87-96
[13]Wong SF,Chong AL,Mak JW,et al.Molecular identification of house dust mites and storage mites[J].Exp Appl Acarol,2011,55(2):123-133
[14]Bouneb M,De LE,Roversi PF,et al.Molecular detection assay of the bud mite Trisetacus juniperinus on Cupressus sempervirens in nurseries of central Italy[J].Exp Appl Acarol,2014,62(2):161-170
[15]崔玉楠.基于形态与分子技术相结合的叶螨鉴定法研究[D].南京农业大学,2014:35-39Cui Yu-nan.Quick identification of Tetranychus spider mites using morphological characters and RFLP technology[D].Nanjing Agricultural University,2014:35-39
[16]岳秀利.二斑叶螨对甲氰菊酯抗性的分子检测及田间抗性监测技术研究[D].甘肃农业大学,2014:26-31Yue Xiu-li.Study on the resistance molecular detection and field monitoring techniques of Tetranychus urticae to fenpropathrin[D].Gansu Agricultural University,2014:26-31
[17]Weber JL,May PE.Abundant class of human DNA polymorphisms which can be typed using the polymerase chain reaction[J].Am J Hum Gene,1989,44(3):388-396
[18]Fagerberg AJ,Fulton RE,Black lv WC.Microsatellite loci are not abundant in all arthropod genomes:analyses in the hard tick,Ixodes scapularis and the yellow fever mosquito,Aedes aegypt[J].Insect Mol Biol,2001,10(3):225-236
[19]Evans JD,Pettis JS,Smith IB.A diagnostic genetic test for the honey bee tracheal mite,Acarapis woodi[J].J Apicult Res,2007,46(3):195-197
[20]Evans LM,Allan GJ,Shuster SM,et al.Tree hybridization and genotypic variation drive cryptic speciation of a specialist mite herbivore[J].Evolution,2008,62(12):3027-3040
[21]李婷.基于微卫星分子标记的二斑叶螨和朱砂叶螨种群遗传结构研究[D].南京农业大学,2008:21-26Li Ting.Population genetic structures of Tetranychus urticae Koch and T.cinnabarinus(boisduval)(Acari:Tetranychidae)based on Microsatellite markers[D].Nanjing Agricultural University,2008:21-26
[22]Sun JT,Kong LW,Wang MM,et al.Development and characterization of novel EST-Microsatellites for the citrus red mite,Panonychus citri(Acari:Tetranychidae)[J].Syst Appl Acarol,2014,19(4):S1-S2
[23]魏丹丹,刘燕,杜洋,等.柑橘全爪螨微卫星位点鉴定与信息分析[J].中国农业科学,2016,(2):282-293Wei Dan-dan,Liu Yan,Du Yang,et al.Analysis of microsatellite loci from Panonychus citri based on enriched microsatellite library and transcriptome dataset[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2016,(2):282-293
[24]Maraun M,Heethoff M,Schneider K,et al.Molecular phylogeny of oribatid mites(Oribatida,Acari):evidence for multiple radiations of parthenogenetic lineages[J].Exp Appl Acarol,2004,33(3):183-201
[25]李国庆,于明志,洪晓月.基于核糖体28S r RNA对叶螨的鉴定及其系统发育分析[J].南京农业大学学报,2010,33(5):49-54Li Guo-qing,Yu Ming-zhi,Hong Xiao-yue.Identification and phylogenetic analysis of spider mites based on 28S r RNA sequences[J].J Nanjing Agric Univ,2010,33(5):49-54
[26]张素卿.基于核糖体18Sr RNA和28Sr RNA基因的常见肉食螨系统关系分析[D].南昌大学,2011:18-26Zhang Su-qing.Systems analysis of Cheyletids(Acari:Cheyletidae)based on the ribosomal 18S r RNA gene and 28S r RNA gene[D].Nanchang University,2011:18-26
[27]Dabert M,Coulson SJ,Gwiazdowicz DJ,et al.Differences in speciation progress in feather mites(Analgoidea)inhabiting the same host:the case of Zachvatkinia and Alloptes living on arctic and long-tailed skuas[J].Exp Appl Acarol,2014,65(2):163-179
[28]Navajas M,Cotton D,Kreiter S,et al.Molecular approach in spider mites(Acari:Tetranychidae):preliminary data on ribosomal DNA sequences[J].Exp Appl Acarol,1992,15(4):211-218
[29]古小彬,张晓谦,杨光友,等.11株螨虫分离株的ITS-2序列分析与系统关系研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,2009,40(2):235-242Gu Xiao-bin,Zhang Xiao-qian,Yang Guang-you,et al.Sequence analysis and phylogenetic relationships of 11 mite isolates based on ITS-2 gene[J].Acta Vterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2009,40(2):235-242
[30]邹志文,陈芬,夏斌,等.几种钝绥螨ITS基因片段的序列分析[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(23):4945-4951Zou Zhi-wen,Chen Fen,Xia Bin,et al.Sequence Analysis of ITS Gene in Several Amblyseiinae(Acari:Phytoseiidae)[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2011,44(23):4945-4951
[31]罗其花.中国小蜂螨自然种系构成、流行病学调查及寄生生物学研究[D].中国农业科学院,2011:18-26Luo Qi-hua.Study on natural strains,epidemiology and parasitology of Tropilaelaps mites(Acari:Laelapidae)in China[D].Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Dissertation,2011
[32]De RM,Mora MD,Ubeda JM,et al.Phylogenetic relationships in rhinonyssid mites(Acari:Rhinonyssidae)based on mitochondrial 16S r DNA sequences[J].Exp Appl Acarol,2001,25(12):957-967
[33]Skerratt L,Campbell N,Murrell A,et al.The mitochondrial 12S gene is a suitable marker of populations of Sarcoptes scabiei from wombats,dogs and humans in Australia[J].Parasitol Res,2002,88(4):376-379
[34]Suarez-Martinez EB,Montealegre F,Sierra-Montes JM,et al.Molecular identification of pathogenic house dust mites using 12S r RNA sequences[J].Electrophoresis,2005,26(15):2927-2934
[35]Sastre N,Ravera I,Villanueva S,et al.Phylogenetic relationships in three species of canine Demodex mite based on partial sequences of mitochondrial 16S r DNA[J].Vet Dermatol,2012,23(6):509-e101
[36]Ernsting BR,Edwards DD,Vidrine MF,et al.Phylogenetic relationships among species of the subgenus Parasitatax(Acari:Unionicolidae:Unionicola)based on DNA sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase i gene[J].Int J Acarol,2006,32(2):195-202
[37]程剑,胡宝庆,文春根.利用线粒体COI基因序列探讨蚌螨的系统发育[C].第五届广东、湖南、江西、湖北四省动物学学术研讨会论文摘要汇编,2008Cheng Jian,Hu Bao-qing,Wen Chun-gen.Phylogenetic analysis of mussel mites using mitochondrial COI gene sequences[C].Proceedings of the fifth Zoological Symposium of the four provinces of Hubei,Guangdong,Hunan and Jiangxi,2008
[38]Yang B,Cai J,Cheng X.Identification of astigmatid mites using ITS2 and COI regions[J].Parasitol Res,2011,108(2):497-503
[39]古小彬,陈祖琴,朱俊扬,等.兔痒螨部分线粒体基因组序列的分析[C].中国畜牧兽医学会家畜寄生虫学分会第七次代表大会暨第十二次学术研讨会论文集,2013Gu Xiao-bin,Chen Zu-qin,Zhu Jun-yang,et al.Analysis of mitochondrial genome sequences of itch mite in rabbit[C].Proceedings of the Seventh Congress and the twelfth Symposium of Animal Parasitology branch of Chinese Academy of animal husbandry and veterinary medicine,2013
[40]Vos P,Hogers R,Bleeker M,et al.AFLP:a new technique for DNA fingerprinting[J].Nucleic Acids Res,1995,23(21):4407-4414
[41]Meudt HM,Clarke AC.Almost Forgotten or Latest Practice?AFLP applications,analyses and advances[J].Trends Plant Sci,2007,12(3):106-117
[42]Weeks AR,Van OT,Breeuwer JA.AFLP fingerprinting for assessing intraspecific variation and genome mapping in mites[J].Exp Appl Acarol,2000,24(10-11):775-793
[43]Desmarais E,Lanneluc I,Lagnel J.Direct amplification of length polymorphisms(DALP),or how to get and characterize new genetic markers in many species[J].Nucleic Acids Res,1998,26(6):1458-1465
[44]李浩森.基于形态和分子标记的瘿螨分类与系统进化研究(蜱螨亚纲:瘿螨总科)[D].南京农业大学,2014:28-30Li Hao-sen.The taxonomy,phylogenetics and evolution of Eriophyoid mites based on morphology and molecular markers(Acari:Eriophyoidea)[D].Nanjing Agricultural University,2014:28-30
[2]Cruickshank RH.Molecular markers for the phylogenetics of mites and ticks[J].Syst Appl Acarol,2010,(3):3-14
[3]Williams JG,Kubelik AR,Livak KJ,et al.DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers[J].Nucleic Acids Res,1990,18(22):6531-6535
[4]张旭,金道超,郭建军,等.螨类系统学研究中的分子标记[J].应用昆虫学报,2008,45(2):198-203Zhang Xu,Jin Dao-chao,Guo Jian-jun,et al.The molecular markers in the systematic study of mites[J].Chin Bull Entomol,2008,45(2):198-203
[5]赵岩.几种分子标记技术在蠕形螨研究上的应用分析[J].医学动物防制,2011,(7):622-623Zhao Yan.The application analysis of several molecular markers in the research on Demodex[J].J Med Pest Contrl,2011,(7):622-623
[6]Yli-Mattila T,Paavanen-Huhtala S,Fenton B,et al.Species and strain identification of the predatory mite Euseius finlandicus by RAPD-PCR and ITS sequences[J].Exp Appl Acarol,2000,24(10-11):863-880
[7]Rodrigues JCV,Gallo-Meagher M,Ochoa R,et al.Mitochondrial DNA and RAPD polymorphisms in the haploid mite Brevipalpus phoenicis(Acari:Tenuipalpidae)[J].Exp Appl Acarol,2004,34(3-4):275-290
[8]赵亚娥,成慧.毛囊蠕形螨与皮脂蠕形螨基因组DNA的RAPD分析和序列比对[J].昆虫学报,2009,52(11):1273-1279Zhao Ya-e,Cheng Hui.RAPD analysis and sequence alignment of genomic DNA of hair follicle mites Demodex folliculorum and D.brevis(Acari Demodicidae)[J].Acta Entomol Sin,2009,52(11):1273-1279
[9]Guerra JCR,Issa MR,Carneiro FE,et al.RAPD identification of Varroa destructor genotypes in Brazil and other regions of the Americas[J].Genet Mol Res Gmr,2010,9(1):303-308
[10]赵岩.三种蠕形螨的形态学和RAPD研究[D].山东大学,2007:47-52Zhao Yan.Study of morphology and RAPD of three species of Demodex[D].Shandong University,2007:47-52
[11]Liu YX,Zhao ZT,Gao Y,et al.Characterization of Orientia tsutsugamushi strains isolated in Shandong Province,China by immunofluorescence and restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP)analyses[J].Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health,2004,35(2):353-357
[12]Carew ME,Goodisman MAD,Hoffmann AA.Species status and population genetic structure of grapevine eriophyoid mites[J].Entomol Exp Appl,2004,111(2):87-96
[13]Wong SF,Chong AL,Mak JW,et al.Molecular identification of house dust mites and storage mites[J].Exp Appl Acarol,2011,55(2):123-133
[14]Bouneb M,De LE,Roversi PF,et al.Molecular detection assay of the bud mite Trisetacus juniperinus on Cupressus sempervirens in nurseries of central Italy[J].Exp Appl Acarol,2014,62(2):161-170
[15]崔玉楠.基于形态与分子技术相结合的叶螨鉴定法研究[D].南京农业大学,2014:35-39Cui Yu-nan.Quick identification of Tetranychus spider mites using morphological characters and RFLP technology[D].Nanjing Agricultural University,2014:35-39
[16]岳秀利.二斑叶螨对甲氰菊酯抗性的分子检测及田间抗性监测技术研究[D].甘肃农业大学,2014:26-31Yue Xiu-li.Study on the resistance molecular detection and field monitoring techniques of Tetranychus urticae to fenpropathrin[D].Gansu Agricultural University,2014:26-31
[17]Weber JL,May PE.Abundant class of human DNA polymorphisms which can be typed using the polymerase chain reaction[J].Am J Hum Gene,1989,44(3):388-396
[18]Fagerberg AJ,Fulton RE,Black lv WC.Microsatellite loci are not abundant in all arthropod genomes:analyses in the hard tick,Ixodes scapularis and the yellow fever mosquito,Aedes aegypt[J].Insect Mol Biol,2001,10(3):225-236
[19]Evans JD,Pettis JS,Smith IB.A diagnostic genetic test for the honey bee tracheal mite,Acarapis woodi[J].J Apicult Res,2007,46(3):195-197
[20]Evans LM,Allan GJ,Shuster SM,et al.Tree hybridization and genotypic variation drive cryptic speciation of a specialist mite herbivore[J].Evolution,2008,62(12):3027-3040
[21]李婷.基于微卫星分子标记的二斑叶螨和朱砂叶螨种群遗传结构研究[D].南京农业大学,2008:21-26Li Ting.Population genetic structures of Tetranychus urticae Koch and T.cinnabarinus(boisduval)(Acari:Tetranychidae)based on Microsatellite markers[D].Nanjing Agricultural University,2008:21-26
[22]Sun JT,Kong LW,Wang MM,et al.Development and characterization of novel EST-Microsatellites for the citrus red mite,Panonychus citri(Acari:Tetranychidae)[J].Syst Appl Acarol,2014,19(4):S1-S2
[23]魏丹丹,刘燕,杜洋,等.柑橘全爪螨微卫星位点鉴定与信息分析[J].中国农业科学,2016,(2):282-293Wei Dan-dan,Liu Yan,Du Yang,et al.Analysis of microsatellite loci from Panonychus citri based on enriched microsatellite library and transcriptome dataset[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2016,(2):282-293
[24]Maraun M,Heethoff M,Schneider K,et al.Molecular phylogeny of oribatid mites(Oribatida,Acari):evidence for multiple radiations of parthenogenetic lineages[J].Exp Appl Acarol,2004,33(3):183-201
[25]李国庆,于明志,洪晓月.基于核糖体28S r RNA对叶螨的鉴定及其系统发育分析[J].南京农业大学学报,2010,33(5):49-54Li Guo-qing,Yu Ming-zhi,Hong Xiao-yue.Identification and phylogenetic analysis of spider mites based on 28S r RNA sequences[J].J Nanjing Agric Univ,2010,33(5):49-54
[26]张素卿.基于核糖体18Sr RNA和28Sr RNA基因的常见肉食螨系统关系分析[D].南昌大学,2011:18-26Zhang Su-qing.Systems analysis of Cheyletids(Acari:Cheyletidae)based on the ribosomal 18S r RNA gene and 28S r RNA gene[D].Nanchang University,2011:18-26
[27]Dabert M,Coulson SJ,Gwiazdowicz DJ,et al.Differences in speciation progress in feather mites(Analgoidea)inhabiting the same host:the case of Zachvatkinia and Alloptes living on arctic and long-tailed skuas[J].Exp Appl Acarol,2014,65(2):163-179
[28]Navajas M,Cotton D,Kreiter S,et al.Molecular approach in spider mites(Acari:Tetranychidae):preliminary data on ribosomal DNA sequences[J].Exp Appl Acarol,1992,15(4):211-218
[29]古小彬,张晓谦,杨光友,等.11株螨虫分离株的ITS-2序列分析与系统关系研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,2009,40(2):235-242Gu Xiao-bin,Zhang Xiao-qian,Yang Guang-you,et al.Sequence analysis and phylogenetic relationships of 11 mite isolates based on ITS-2 gene[J].Acta Vterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2009,40(2):235-242
[30]邹志文,陈芬,夏斌,等.几种钝绥螨ITS基因片段的序列分析[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(23):4945-4951Zou Zhi-wen,Chen Fen,Xia Bin,et al.Sequence Analysis of ITS Gene in Several Amblyseiinae(Acari:Phytoseiidae)[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2011,44(23):4945-4951
[31]罗其花.中国小蜂螨自然种系构成、流行病学调查及寄生生物学研究[D].中国农业科学院,2011:18-26Luo Qi-hua.Study on natural strains,epidemiology and parasitology of Tropilaelaps mites(Acari:Laelapidae)in China[D].Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Dissertation,2011
[32]De RM,Mora MD,Ubeda JM,et al.Phylogenetic relationships in rhinonyssid mites(Acari:Rhinonyssidae)based on mitochondrial 16S r DNA sequences[J].Exp Appl Acarol,2001,25(12):957-967
[33]Skerratt L,Campbell N,Murrell A,et al.The mitochondrial 12S gene is a suitable marker of populations of Sarcoptes scabiei from wombats,dogs and humans in Australia[J].Parasitol Res,2002,88(4):376-379
[34]Suarez-Martinez EB,Montealegre F,Sierra-Montes JM,et al.Molecular identification of pathogenic house dust mites using 12S r RNA sequences[J].Electrophoresis,2005,26(15):2927-2934
[35]Sastre N,Ravera I,Villanueva S,et al.Phylogenetic relationships in three species of canine Demodex mite based on partial sequences of mitochondrial 16S r DNA[J].Vet Dermatol,2012,23(6):509-e101
[36]Ernsting BR,Edwards DD,Vidrine MF,et al.Phylogenetic relationships among species of the subgenus Parasitatax(Acari:Unionicolidae:Unionicola)based on DNA sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase i gene[J].Int J Acarol,2006,32(2):195-202
[37]程剑,胡宝庆,文春根.利用线粒体COI基因序列探讨蚌螨的系统发育[C].第五届广东、湖南、江西、湖北四省动物学学术研讨会论文摘要汇编,2008Cheng Jian,Hu Bao-qing,Wen Chun-gen.Phylogenetic analysis of mussel mites using mitochondrial COI gene sequences[C].Proceedings of the fifth Zoological Symposium of the four provinces of Hubei,Guangdong,Hunan and Jiangxi,2008
[38]Yang B,Cai J,Cheng X.Identification of astigmatid mites using ITS2 and COI regions[J].Parasitol Res,2011,108(2):497-503
[39]古小彬,陈祖琴,朱俊扬,等.兔痒螨部分线粒体基因组序列的分析[C].中国畜牧兽医学会家畜寄生虫学分会第七次代表大会暨第十二次学术研讨会论文集,2013Gu Xiao-bin,Chen Zu-qin,Zhu Jun-yang,et al.Analysis of mitochondrial genome sequences of itch mite in rabbit[C].Proceedings of the Seventh Congress and the twelfth Symposium of Animal Parasitology branch of Chinese Academy of animal husbandry and veterinary medicine,2013
[40]Vos P,Hogers R,Bleeker M,et al.AFLP:a new technique for DNA fingerprinting[J].Nucleic Acids Res,1995,23(21):4407-4414
[41]Meudt HM,Clarke AC.Almost Forgotten or Latest Practice?AFLP applications,analyses and advances[J].Trends Plant Sci,2007,12(3):106-117
[42]Weeks AR,Van OT,Breeuwer JA.AFLP fingerprinting for assessing intraspecific variation and genome mapping in mites[J].Exp Appl Acarol,2000,24(10-11):775-793
[43]Desmarais E,Lanneluc I,Lagnel J.Direct amplification of length polymorphisms(DALP),or how to get and characterize new genetic markers in many species[J].Nucleic Acids Res,1998,26(6):1458-1465
[44]李浩森.基于形态和分子标记的瘿螨分类与系统进化研究(蜱螨亚纲:瘿螨总科)[D].南京农业大学,2014:28-30Li Hao-sen.The taxonomy,phylogenetics and evolution of Eriophyoid mites based on morphology and molecular markers(Acari:Eriophyoidea)[D].Nanjing Agricultural University,2014:28-30