饲喂荨麻干草对羊胃肠动力的影响
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摘要
【目的】研究荨麻作为粗饲料对反刍动物胃肠动力的影响。【方法】以25%、50%和100%麻叶荨麻干草替代苜蓿干草饲喂新疆细毛羊,在饲喂试验的第1 d、第7 d、第14 d、第21 d和第28 d监测其对胃肠动力的影响。【结果】第7 d 100%荨麻组饲喂后开始反刍时间显著晚于对照组(P<0.05);第21 d 50%荨麻组和100%荨麻组羊只一个食团咀嚼次数分别显著(P<0.05)和极显著(P<0.01)少于对照组;一个反刍过程持续时间各组之间差异不明显(P> 0.05);随着荨麻饲喂天数和添加比例的增加,在饲喂后4 h内不出现反刍羊只数量显著增加;瘤胃蠕动频率在第28d 100%荨麻组显著少于对照组(P<0.05);荨麻饲喂天数与饲喂后排便延迟时间在50%荨麻组(R~2=0.754 6)和100%荨麻组(R~2=0.753 1)具有强相关性。【结论】绵羊采食一定比例荨麻干草,具有减弱胃肠动力的作用。提示荨麻或其提取物有望用于缓解反刍动物胃肠痉挛等消化道疾病。
【Objective】 To investigate the effect of Urtica as roughage on gastrointestinal motility in ruminants. 【Method】 In order to investigate the effect of Urtica as a roughage on the gastrointestinal motility of ruminants, 25%, 50% and 100% Urtica hay were used to replace alfalfa hay to feed Xinjiang fine-wool sheep. The gastrointestinal motility was monitored on day 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28.【Result】The results showed that the ruminating time was significantly later in 100% Urtica group on the 7 th day than that in control group(P < 0.05). On the 21 st day, chewing time of one chew in 50% Urtica group and 100% Urtica group were significantly less than that in the control group(P < 0.05); the duration of one ruminant process was not different among the groups(P > 0.05); The number of sheep with no rumination within 4 h after feeding increased with the increase of days and the proportion of Urtica feeding; the frequency of rumen peristalsis was significantly lower in 100% Urtica group on the 28 th day than that in control group(P < 0.05); the relativity was strong between the delay of defecation and the days of Urtica feeding in 50% Urtica group(R~2 = 0.754,6) and 100% Urtica group(R~2 = 0.753,1). 【Conclusion】This study showed that a certain proportion of Urtica hay that was fed to sheep had the effect of weakening gastrointestinal motility. It is suggested that Urtica or its extracts may be used to alleviate gastrointestinal diseases such as gastrointestinal spasm in ruminants.
【Objective】 To investigate the effect of Urtica as roughage on gastrointestinal motility in ruminants. 【Method】 In order to investigate the effect of Urtica as a roughage on the gastrointestinal motility of ruminants, 25%, 50% and 100% Urtica hay were used to replace alfalfa hay to feed Xinjiang fine-wool sheep. The gastrointestinal motility was monitored on day 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28.【Result】The results showed that the ruminating time was significantly later in 100% Urtica group on the 7 th day than that in control group(P < 0.05). On the 21 st day, chewing time of one chew in 50% Urtica group and 100% Urtica group were significantly less than that in the control group(P < 0.05); the duration of one ruminant process was not different among the groups(P > 0.05); The number of sheep with no rumination within 4 h after feeding increased with the increase of days and the proportion of Urtica feeding; the frequency of rumen peristalsis was significantly lower in 100% Urtica group on the 28 th day than that in control group(P < 0.05); the relativity was strong between the delay of defecation and the days of Urtica feeding in 50% Urtica group(R~2 = 0.754,6) and 100% Urtica group(R~2 = 0.753,1). 【Conclusion】This study showed that a certain proportion of Urtica hay that was fed to sheep had the effect of weakening gastrointestinal motility. It is suggested that Urtica or its extracts may be used to alleviate gastrointestinal diseases such as gastrointestinal spasm in ruminants.
引文
[1] 中国科学院《中国植物志》编辑委员会.中国植物志[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.Flora of China Editorial Committee of Chinese Academy of Sciences.(2004).The Flora of China [M].Beijing:Science Press.(in Chinese)
[2] 江苏省植物研究所,中国医学科学院药物研究所,中国科学院昆明植物研究所.新华本草纲要 (第二册) [M].上海:上海科技出版社,1991.Jiangsu Institute of Botany,Institute of Pharmaceuticals,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences.(1991).Outline of Xinhua Materia Medica (Volume 2) [M].Shanghai:Shanghai Science and Technology Publishing House.(in Chinese)
[3] 权宜淑.值得开发的荨麻属药用资源[J].中药材,1997,20(1):8-10.QUAN Yi-shu.(1997).Urtica medicinal resources worth developing [J].Chinese Herbal Medicine,20(1):8-10.(in Chinese)
[4] 周玉东,赵红琼,张丹,等.麻叶荨麻醇提液对大鼠离体子宫运动的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2015,42(3):613-618.ZHOU Yu-dong,ZHAO Hong-qiong,ZHANG Dan,et al.(2015).Effect of Alcohol Extract of Urtica cannabina on the Motility of Rat Uterus invitro [J].Chinese Animal Husbandry Veterinarian,42(3):613-618.(in Chinese)
[5 ] 周玉东.荨麻对鼠小肠和子宫运动影响的研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学硕士学位论文,2015.ZHOU Yu-dong.(2015).Effect of Urtica on the Motility of Murine Small Intestine and Uterus [D].Master Dissertation.Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi.(in Chinese)
[6] 闫书平,卡力比夏提·艾木拉江,哈力旦·阿合买提,等.干鲜荨麻提取物对小鼠离体小肠运动影响的比较研究[J].动物医学进展,2017,38(9):55-60.YAN Shu-ping,Kalibixiati Aimulajiang,Halidan Ahemaiti,et al.(2017).Comparative Studies on Extracts of Fresh and Dried Urtica cannabina on Motilities of Mouse Small Intestine in Vitro [J].Advances in Animal Medicine,38(9):55-60.(in Chinese)
[7] 张彩芳,杨菊清,李水仙,等.添加延胡索酸二钠对绵羊消化代谢的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2009,46(6):1 351-1 356.ZHANG Cai-fang,YANG Ju-qing,LI Shui-xian,et al.(2009) Effects of Adding Sodium Fumaric Acid On Digestion and Metabolism of Sheep [J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,46(6):1,351-1,356.(in Chinese)
[8] 张振斌,史良峰,王珊,等.麻叶荨麻、羊草组合对乌珠穆沁羔羊表观消化率和瘤胃发酵参数的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2017,38(5):21-26.ZHANG Zhen-bin,SHI Liang-feng,WANG Shan,et al.(2017).Influences of Associative Effects between Leymus Chinensis and Urtica Cannabinaon Apparent Digestibility and Rumen Fermentation Parameters of Wuzhumuqin Lamb [J].Acta Ecologiae Animalis Domastici,38(5):21-26.(in Chinese)
[9] 王珊,史良峰,张振斌,等.麻叶荨麻和羊草比例对体外培养瘤胃微生物发酵参数的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2018,39(4):33-37.WANG Shan,SHI Liang-feng,ZHANG Zhen-bin,et al.(2018).Effects of the Ratio of Leymus chinensis and Urtica cannbinau on Rumen Microbial Fermentation in vitro [J].Acta Ecologiae Animalis Domastici,39(4):33-37.(in Chinese)
[10]Welch,J.G.,& Smith,A.M.(1970).Forage quality and rumination time in cattle.Journal of Dairy Science,53(6):797-800.
[11] Welch,J.G.(1982).Rumination,particle size and passage from the rumen.Journal of Animal Science,54(4):885-894.
[12] 刘武军,余雄,李建华,等.巴什拜羊春季牧食行为研究[J].新疆农业科学,2008,(1):180-183.LIU Wu-jun ,YU Xiong ,LI Jian-hua,et al.(2008).Observation on Grazing Behavior of Bashibai Sheep in Spring [J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,(1):180-183.(in Chinese)
[13]Teimouri Yansari,A.,Valizadeh,R.,Naserian,A.,Christensen,D.A.,Yu,P.,& Eftekhari Shahroodi,F.(2004).Effects of alfalfa particle size and specific gravity on chewing activity,digestibility,and performance of holstein dairy cows.Journal of Dairy Science,87(11):3,912-3,924.
[14]孔庆斌,张晓明.苜蓿干草切割长度对荷斯坦育成母牛采食与反刍行为和营养物质消化的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2008,44(19):47-51.KONG Qing-bin,ZHANG Xiao-ming.(2008).Effects of Particle Size of Alfalfa Hay on Eating and Ruminating Activity,Dietary Nutrients Digestibility of Chinese Holstein Heifer [J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,44(19):47-51.(in Chinese)
[15] 敖特根,施和平,阿荣,等.内蒙古产麻叶荨麻嫩叶与嫩茎的营养成分研究[J].食品研究与开发,2007,(5):143-146.AO Te-gen,SHI He-ping,A Rong,et al.(2007).Research on Nutritional Components of Leaves and spear of uritca in Inner [J].Food Research and Development,(5):143-146.(in Chinese)
[16] 刘悦秋,孙向阳.异株荨麻的活性成分及开发利用[J].国外医学,2005,(3):144-148.LIU Yue-qiu,SUN Xiang-yang.(2005).Active ingredients of heterogeneous castor and its development and utilization [J].Foreign Medicine,(3):144-148.(in Chinese)
[17] 张晓庆,李维红,金艳梅,等.麻叶荨麻的养分积累及饲用品质评价[J].中国草地学报,2010,32(1):116-119.ZHANG Xiao-qing,LI Wei-hong,JIN Yan-mei,et al.(2010).Accumulation of Nutrients and the Feed Quality Evaluation of Hempleaf Nettle (Urtica cannabina L.) [J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,32(1):116-119.(in Chinese)
[18]Roger Phillips,Martyn Rix .(1990).The random house book of herbs.New York:Random House.
[19] 刘磊,魏尧,李振,等.荨麻对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响[J].饲料博览,2010,(12):40-43.LIU Lei,WEI Yao,LI Zhen,et al.(2010).Effect of Urtica on Production Performance and Egg Quality of Laying Hens [J].Feed Review,(12):40-43.(in Chinese)
[20] 苟红晶,高宪儒,窦晓利 ,等.麻叶荨麻在陇东黑山羊育肥中的应用研究[J].畜牧兽医杂志,2017,36(1):12-14,20.GOU Hong-jing,GAO Xian-ru,DOU Xiao-li,et al.(2017).Applied Research on Urtica in Fattening of Longdong black goat [J].Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,36(1):12-14,20.(in Chinese)
[2] 江苏省植物研究所,中国医学科学院药物研究所,中国科学院昆明植物研究所.新华本草纲要 (第二册) [M].上海:上海科技出版社,1991.Jiangsu Institute of Botany,Institute of Pharmaceuticals,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences.(1991).Outline of Xinhua Materia Medica (Volume 2) [M].Shanghai:Shanghai Science and Technology Publishing House.(in Chinese)
[3] 权宜淑.值得开发的荨麻属药用资源[J].中药材,1997,20(1):8-10.QUAN Yi-shu.(1997).Urtica medicinal resources worth developing [J].Chinese Herbal Medicine,20(1):8-10.(in Chinese)
[4] 周玉东,赵红琼,张丹,等.麻叶荨麻醇提液对大鼠离体子宫运动的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2015,42(3):613-618.ZHOU Yu-dong,ZHAO Hong-qiong,ZHANG Dan,et al.(2015).Effect of Alcohol Extract of Urtica cannabina on the Motility of Rat Uterus invitro [J].Chinese Animal Husbandry Veterinarian,42(3):613-618.(in Chinese)
[5 ] 周玉东.荨麻对鼠小肠和子宫运动影响的研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学硕士学位论文,2015.ZHOU Yu-dong.(2015).Effect of Urtica on the Motility of Murine Small Intestine and Uterus [D].Master Dissertation.Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi.(in Chinese)
[6] 闫书平,卡力比夏提·艾木拉江,哈力旦·阿合买提,等.干鲜荨麻提取物对小鼠离体小肠运动影响的比较研究[J].动物医学进展,2017,38(9):55-60.YAN Shu-ping,Kalibixiati Aimulajiang,Halidan Ahemaiti,et al.(2017).Comparative Studies on Extracts of Fresh and Dried Urtica cannabina on Motilities of Mouse Small Intestine in Vitro [J].Advances in Animal Medicine,38(9):55-60.(in Chinese)
[7] 张彩芳,杨菊清,李水仙,等.添加延胡索酸二钠对绵羊消化代谢的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2009,46(6):1 351-1 356.ZHANG Cai-fang,YANG Ju-qing,LI Shui-xian,et al.(2009) Effects of Adding Sodium Fumaric Acid On Digestion and Metabolism of Sheep [J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,46(6):1,351-1,356.(in Chinese)
[8] 张振斌,史良峰,王珊,等.麻叶荨麻、羊草组合对乌珠穆沁羔羊表观消化率和瘤胃发酵参数的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2017,38(5):21-26.ZHANG Zhen-bin,SHI Liang-feng,WANG Shan,et al.(2017).Influences of Associative Effects between Leymus Chinensis and Urtica Cannabinaon Apparent Digestibility and Rumen Fermentation Parameters of Wuzhumuqin Lamb [J].Acta Ecologiae Animalis Domastici,38(5):21-26.(in Chinese)
[9] 王珊,史良峰,张振斌,等.麻叶荨麻和羊草比例对体外培养瘤胃微生物发酵参数的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2018,39(4):33-37.WANG Shan,SHI Liang-feng,ZHANG Zhen-bin,et al.(2018).Effects of the Ratio of Leymus chinensis and Urtica cannbinau on Rumen Microbial Fermentation in vitro [J].Acta Ecologiae Animalis Domastici,39(4):33-37.(in Chinese)
[10]Welch,J.G.,& Smith,A.M.(1970).Forage quality and rumination time in cattle.Journal of Dairy Science,53(6):797-800.
[11] Welch,J.G.(1982).Rumination,particle size and passage from the rumen.Journal of Animal Science,54(4):885-894.
[12] 刘武军,余雄,李建华,等.巴什拜羊春季牧食行为研究[J].新疆农业科学,2008,(1):180-183.LIU Wu-jun ,YU Xiong ,LI Jian-hua,et al.(2008).Observation on Grazing Behavior of Bashibai Sheep in Spring [J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,(1):180-183.(in Chinese)
[13]Teimouri Yansari,A.,Valizadeh,R.,Naserian,A.,Christensen,D.A.,Yu,P.,& Eftekhari Shahroodi,F.(2004).Effects of alfalfa particle size and specific gravity on chewing activity,digestibility,and performance of holstein dairy cows.Journal of Dairy Science,87(11):3,912-3,924.
[14]孔庆斌,张晓明.苜蓿干草切割长度对荷斯坦育成母牛采食与反刍行为和营养物质消化的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2008,44(19):47-51.KONG Qing-bin,ZHANG Xiao-ming.(2008).Effects of Particle Size of Alfalfa Hay on Eating and Ruminating Activity,Dietary Nutrients Digestibility of Chinese Holstein Heifer [J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,44(19):47-51.(in Chinese)
[15] 敖特根,施和平,阿荣,等.内蒙古产麻叶荨麻嫩叶与嫩茎的营养成分研究[J].食品研究与开发,2007,(5):143-146.AO Te-gen,SHI He-ping,A Rong,et al.(2007).Research on Nutritional Components of Leaves and spear of uritca in Inner [J].Food Research and Development,(5):143-146.(in Chinese)
[16] 刘悦秋,孙向阳.异株荨麻的活性成分及开发利用[J].国外医学,2005,(3):144-148.LIU Yue-qiu,SUN Xiang-yang.(2005).Active ingredients of heterogeneous castor and its development and utilization [J].Foreign Medicine,(3):144-148.(in Chinese)
[17] 张晓庆,李维红,金艳梅,等.麻叶荨麻的养分积累及饲用品质评价[J].中国草地学报,2010,32(1):116-119.ZHANG Xiao-qing,LI Wei-hong,JIN Yan-mei,et al.(2010).Accumulation of Nutrients and the Feed Quality Evaluation of Hempleaf Nettle (Urtica cannabina L.) [J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,32(1):116-119.(in Chinese)
[18]Roger Phillips,Martyn Rix .(1990).The random house book of herbs.New York:Random House.
[19] 刘磊,魏尧,李振,等.荨麻对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响[J].饲料博览,2010,(12):40-43.LIU Lei,WEI Yao,LI Zhen,et al.(2010).Effect of Urtica on Production Performance and Egg Quality of Laying Hens [J].Feed Review,(12):40-43.(in Chinese)
[20] 苟红晶,高宪儒,窦晓利 ,等.麻叶荨麻在陇东黑山羊育肥中的应用研究[J].畜牧兽医杂志,2017,36(1):12-14,20.GOU Hong-jing,GAO Xian-ru,DOU Xiao-li,et al.(2017).Applied Research on Urtica in Fattening of Longdong black goat [J].Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,36(1):12-14,20.(in Chinese)