饲粮添加陈化玉米和复合抗氧化剂对仔猪生长性能、抗氧化功能及肝脏损伤的影响
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摘要
【目的】考察饲粮添加陈化玉米和复合抗氧化剂对仔猪生长性能、抗氧化功能和肝脏损伤的影响。【方法】24头健康DLY断奶仔猪(平均体重7.24±0.02 kg),按体重相近和公母各半的原则随机分为4个处理,分别饲喂基础饲粮(CTL)、陈化玉米50饲粮(AG50)、陈化玉米100饲粮(AG100)、复合抗氧剂饲粮(AG100-AO)。试验期28 d。【结果】与正常玉米相比,陈化玉米中过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶活性显著降低,而脂肪酸值和丙二醛(MDA)含量明显增加。此外,与CTL组相比,陈化玉米组显著降低仔猪ADFI、血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)及血清GOT/GPT比值(P<0.05),显著增加肝脏8-羟脱氧鸟苷(8-OHdG)含量(P<0.05);最后,在AG100饲粮中添加复合抗氧化剂则显著提高血清CAT活性和T-AOC(P<0.05)及肝脏GSH含量(P<0.05),显著降低肝脏MDA、8-OHdG和蛋白质羰基含量(P<0.05),改善血清GOT/GPT比值(P<0.01)。【结论】陈化玉米不同比例替代正常玉米显著降低仔猪采食量,导致机体抗氧化功能下降和肝脏氧化损伤;添加0.2%复合抗氧化剂一定程度改善机体抗氧化能力,缓解陈化玉米导致的肝脏氧化损伤。
【Objective】The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of aging corn and antioxidant blend on growth performance,antioxidant capacity and liver injure of piglets.【Method】A total of 24 healthy weaned DLY piglets(average 7.24±0.02 kg) were randomly assigned into 4 treatments with 6 replicates per treatment and 1 piglet per replicate,which were fed CTL(basal diet),AG 50 diet(50% normal corn in basal diet was substituted by the same amount of aging corn),AG100 diet(100% normal corn in basal diet was substituted by the same amount of aging corn),AG100-AO diet(aging corn 100 diet+0.2% compound additives),respectively. The trial lasted for 28 d.【Result】Compared with the normal corn,the activities of CAT and POD of aging corn were reduced and the contents of FAV and MDA were increased obviously. Besides,compared with the CTL group,ADFI,the activity of serum GSH-Px,T-AOC and serum GOT/GPT ratio of pigs in aging corn group were significantly decreased(P<0.05),however,the hepatic level of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine(8-OHdG) was significantly increased(P<0.05). In addition,compared with AG 100 group,AG100-AO diet significantly increased the activity of serum CAT and the content of GSH in liver(P<0.05),decreased the contents of MDA,8-OHdG and PCO in the liver(P<0.05),increased serum GOT/GPT ratio(P<0.01).【Conclusion】In conclusion,50% or 100% replacement of dietary normal corn by aging corn significantly reduced the feed intake,resulted in a decline in antioxidant capacity,and caused oxidative damage to the liver of piglet. Dietary0.2% antioxidant blend supplementation improved the antioxidant capacity and alleviated the liver oxidative damage induced by aging corn.
【Objective】The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of aging corn and antioxidant blend on growth performance,antioxidant capacity and liver injure of piglets.【Method】A total of 24 healthy weaned DLY piglets(average 7.24±0.02 kg) were randomly assigned into 4 treatments with 6 replicates per treatment and 1 piglet per replicate,which were fed CTL(basal diet),AG 50 diet(50% normal corn in basal diet was substituted by the same amount of aging corn),AG100 diet(100% normal corn in basal diet was substituted by the same amount of aging corn),AG100-AO diet(aging corn 100 diet+0.2% compound additives),respectively. The trial lasted for 28 d.【Result】Compared with the normal corn,the activities of CAT and POD of aging corn were reduced and the contents of FAV and MDA were increased obviously. Besides,compared with the CTL group,ADFI,the activity of serum GSH-Px,T-AOC and serum GOT/GPT ratio of pigs in aging corn group were significantly decreased(P<0.05),however,the hepatic level of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine(8-OHdG) was significantly increased(P<0.05). In addition,compared with AG 100 group,AG100-AO diet significantly increased the activity of serum CAT and the content of GSH in liver(P<0.05),decreased the contents of MDA,8-OHdG and PCO in the liver(P<0.05),increased serum GOT/GPT ratio(P<0.01).【Conclusion】In conclusion,50% or 100% replacement of dietary normal corn by aging corn significantly reduced the feed intake,resulted in a decline in antioxidant capacity,and caused oxidative damage to the liver of piglet. Dietary0.2% antioxidant blend supplementation improved the antioxidant capacity and alleviated the liver oxidative damage induced by aging corn.
引文
[1]马赛.饲料样品储存条件对养分含量变化规律和仿生消化率测值的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2014.
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[4]毛先利.蛋鸡生产中新玉米使用注意事项[J].中国家禽,2014,36(2):58-59.
[5]于景安,宣立峰,张睿.几种肉牛能量饲料的介绍[J].养殖技术顾问,2011(1):62-62.
[6]周显青,张玉荣,张勇.储存玉米生理指标的研究[J].玉米科学,2007, 15(4):96-99.
[7]王淑春,张亚冬.玉米储存品质判断规则新旧标准的对比及新标准的解读[J].黑龙江粮食,2016(4):52-53.
[8]黄信.玉米储藏品质变化特性分析[J].食品界,2017(9):88-90.
[9]周显青,张玉荣,张勇.储藏玉米陈化机理及挥发物与品质变化的关系[J].农业工程学报,2008, 24(7):242-246.
[10]崔小燕.初探不同储存期玉米对雉科鸟类抗氧化及免疫功能的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2013.
[11]孙得发.2016-2017年中国饲料企业使用陈化玉米导致的黄膘肉问题及思考[J].中国畜牧杂志,2017, 53(7):147-151.
[12]刘比一,何玉英,尹达菲,等.不同储存时间的玉米对肉鸡血清抗氧化功能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2013, 25(5):1077-1084.
[13]刘洋,刘比一,尹达菲,等.不同储存时间的玉米对肉鸡血清生化和组织学的影响[J].中国家禽,2015, 37(13):22-26.
[14]张亚茹,王忠,蔡少敏,等.陈化玉米饲粮中添加茶多酚、维生素E和二丁基羟基甲苯对肉鸭生长性能和抗氧化功能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015, 27(4):1184-1190.
[15]李彦,杨在宾,杨维仁,等.日粮中添加不同水平维生素C对肉鸡抗氧化和免疫性能影响的研究[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2009, 40(2):229-234.
[16]高亿清,陈代文,田刚,等.营养性复合添加剂缓解霉变玉米饲粮对仔猪空肠黏膜结构的损伤[J].动物营养学报,2015, 27(6):1813-1822.
[17]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2009, 46-105.
[18] CHEN Y, CHEN D W, TIAN G, et al. Dietary arginine supplementation alleviates immune challenge induced by Salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis bacterin potentially through the Tolllike receptor 4-myeloid differentiation factor 88 signalling pathway in weaned piglets[J]. British Journal of Nutrition, 2012,108(6):1069-1076.
[19] SCHMITTGEN T D, LIVAK K J. Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative C(T)method[J]. Nature Protocols, 2008, 3(6):1101-1108.
[20] YIN D F, YUAN J M, GUO Y M, et al. Effect of storage time on the characteristics of corn and efficiency of its utilization in broiler chickens[J]. Animal Nutrition, 2017, 3(3):252-257.
[21]崔小燕,王树满,袁建敏,等.不同储存期玉米对肉鸡免疫功能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2013, 25(4):849-855.
[22]刘敏,肖颖,左爱仁,等.槲皮素、根皮素、水飞蓟宾清除自由基和抑制脂质过氧化活性研究[J].中成药,2012, 34(4):753-756.
[23] ESFAHANI A, GHOREISHI Z, NIKANFAR A, et al. Influence of chemotherapy on the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in patients with acute myeloid leukemia[J]. Acta Medical Iranica,2012, 50(7):454-458.
[24]王璐.VA对VE抗辐射自由基损伤作用中的剂量效应关系[D].西安:第四军医大学,2001.
[25]鞠雪.氧化鱼油对草鱼幼鱼生长及抗氧化性能的影响[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2015.
[26]王显慧,刘福柱,牛竹叶,等.VE对肉鸡抗氧化性能和肉品氧化稳定性的影响[J].西北农业学报,2011,20(2):1-7.
[27]王永庆.水飞蓟素对团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)氧化油脂肝损伤的保护作用[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2012.
[28] AMMOUCHE A, ROUAKI F, BITAM A et al. Effect of ingestion of thermally oxidized sunflower oil on the fatty acid composition and antioxidant enzymes of rat liver and brain in development[J].Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. 2002, 46:268-275.
[29] KODE A, RAJAGOPALAN R, PENUMATHSA V S, et al. Effec-t of ethanol and thermally oxidized sunflower oil ingestion on phospholipid fatty acid composition of rat liver:protective role of Cuminum cyminum L[J]. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 200549:300-303.
[30]陈科全,叶元土,蔡春芳,等.饲料丙二醛对草鱼生长、肝胰脏及肠道结构和功能的影响[J].水生生物学报,2016, 40(4):779-792.
[31]王茜.苯酚对多刺裸腹滏生长繁殖代谢与氧化损伤的影响[D].太原:山西大学,2014.
[32]彭光银,赵玮,鲁志松,等.甲醛致DNA-蛋白质交联作用及其修复的研究[J].环境科学学报,2006, 26(2):331-336.
[33]濮宏建.NF-κB及其下游炎症因子在大鼠创伤性颅脑损伤中不同阶段表达水平与细胞凋亡关系的研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2007.
[2]胡元森,段永康,王改利,等.不同储藏年限玉米主要品质变化研究[J].农业机械,2011,8:64-67.
[3]张国刚,孔凡涛.我国玉米库存问题及应对策略分析[J].安徽农学通报,2016, 22(7):1-3.
[4]毛先利.蛋鸡生产中新玉米使用注意事项[J].中国家禽,2014,36(2):58-59.
[5]于景安,宣立峰,张睿.几种肉牛能量饲料的介绍[J].养殖技术顾问,2011(1):62-62.
[6]周显青,张玉荣,张勇.储存玉米生理指标的研究[J].玉米科学,2007, 15(4):96-99.
[7]王淑春,张亚冬.玉米储存品质判断规则新旧标准的对比及新标准的解读[J].黑龙江粮食,2016(4):52-53.
[8]黄信.玉米储藏品质变化特性分析[J].食品界,2017(9):88-90.
[9]周显青,张玉荣,张勇.储藏玉米陈化机理及挥发物与品质变化的关系[J].农业工程学报,2008, 24(7):242-246.
[10]崔小燕.初探不同储存期玉米对雉科鸟类抗氧化及免疫功能的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2013.
[11]孙得发.2016-2017年中国饲料企业使用陈化玉米导致的黄膘肉问题及思考[J].中国畜牧杂志,2017, 53(7):147-151.
[12]刘比一,何玉英,尹达菲,等.不同储存时间的玉米对肉鸡血清抗氧化功能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2013, 25(5):1077-1084.
[13]刘洋,刘比一,尹达菲,等.不同储存时间的玉米对肉鸡血清生化和组织学的影响[J].中国家禽,2015, 37(13):22-26.
[14]张亚茹,王忠,蔡少敏,等.陈化玉米饲粮中添加茶多酚、维生素E和二丁基羟基甲苯对肉鸭生长性能和抗氧化功能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015, 27(4):1184-1190.
[15]李彦,杨在宾,杨维仁,等.日粮中添加不同水平维生素C对肉鸡抗氧化和免疫性能影响的研究[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2009, 40(2):229-234.
[16]高亿清,陈代文,田刚,等.营养性复合添加剂缓解霉变玉米饲粮对仔猪空肠黏膜结构的损伤[J].动物营养学报,2015, 27(6):1813-1822.
[17]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2009, 46-105.
[18] CHEN Y, CHEN D W, TIAN G, et al. Dietary arginine supplementation alleviates immune challenge induced by Salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis bacterin potentially through the Tolllike receptor 4-myeloid differentiation factor 88 signalling pathway in weaned piglets[J]. British Journal of Nutrition, 2012,108(6):1069-1076.
[19] SCHMITTGEN T D, LIVAK K J. Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative C(T)method[J]. Nature Protocols, 2008, 3(6):1101-1108.
[20] YIN D F, YUAN J M, GUO Y M, et al. Effect of storage time on the characteristics of corn and efficiency of its utilization in broiler chickens[J]. Animal Nutrition, 2017, 3(3):252-257.
[21]崔小燕,王树满,袁建敏,等.不同储存期玉米对肉鸡免疫功能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2013, 25(4):849-855.
[22]刘敏,肖颖,左爱仁,等.槲皮素、根皮素、水飞蓟宾清除自由基和抑制脂质过氧化活性研究[J].中成药,2012, 34(4):753-756.
[23] ESFAHANI A, GHOREISHI Z, NIKANFAR A, et al. Influence of chemotherapy on the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in patients with acute myeloid leukemia[J]. Acta Medical Iranica,2012, 50(7):454-458.
[24]王璐.VA对VE抗辐射自由基损伤作用中的剂量效应关系[D].西安:第四军医大学,2001.
[25]鞠雪.氧化鱼油对草鱼幼鱼生长及抗氧化性能的影响[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2015.
[26]王显慧,刘福柱,牛竹叶,等.VE对肉鸡抗氧化性能和肉品氧化稳定性的影响[J].西北农业学报,2011,20(2):1-7.
[27]王永庆.水飞蓟素对团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)氧化油脂肝损伤的保护作用[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2012.
[28] AMMOUCHE A, ROUAKI F, BITAM A et al. Effect of ingestion of thermally oxidized sunflower oil on the fatty acid composition and antioxidant enzymes of rat liver and brain in development[J].Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. 2002, 46:268-275.
[29] KODE A, RAJAGOPALAN R, PENUMATHSA V S, et al. Effec-t of ethanol and thermally oxidized sunflower oil ingestion on phospholipid fatty acid composition of rat liver:protective role of Cuminum cyminum L[J]. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 200549:300-303.
[30]陈科全,叶元土,蔡春芳,等.饲料丙二醛对草鱼生长、肝胰脏及肠道结构和功能的影响[J].水生生物学报,2016, 40(4):779-792.
[31]王茜.苯酚对多刺裸腹滏生长繁殖代谢与氧化损伤的影响[D].太原:山西大学,2014.
[32]彭光银,赵玮,鲁志松,等.甲醛致DNA-蛋白质交联作用及其修复的研究[J].环境科学学报,2006, 26(2):331-336.
[33]濮宏建.NF-κB及其下游炎症因子在大鼠创伤性颅脑损伤中不同阶段表达水平与细胞凋亡关系的研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2007.