东北典型黑土区侵蚀沟发育演化特征分析
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摘要
沟蚀是当前东北黑土区面临的重要环境问题。该文选择东北典型黑土区中的乌裕尔河和讷谟尔河流域作为研究区,以高分辨影像Corona(1965年)和SPOT5(2005年)为基础数据源,提取了不同时期的沟蚀分布状况,通过重心分析、方向性分析和热点分析,探讨了研究区40年间侵蚀沟发育演化特征。结果表明:研究区沟蚀重心出现向西北移动的趋势,纬向上向北移动了17.88 km,经向上向西移动了10.12 km;侵蚀沟重心的纬向移动方向与耕地重心的移动方向一致,这与毁草开荒带来的耕地面积增加有密切关系;1965年和2005年沟蚀发生的主要方向基本一致,沟蚀发生的朝向主要受该区水系走向影响,2005年沟蚀发生方向性椭圆范围相比1965年有较大规模扩展;1965年约60%的侵蚀沟处于随机分布的发展模式,到2005年约70%的侵蚀沟处于集聚分布的发展模式,侵蚀沟发展模式的转变导致黑土区沟蚀状况愈发剧烈。
Gully erosion is an important environment problem in the black soil region of Northeast China.Increasingly severe gully erosion had seriously affected on the economic and social sustainable development in this region.Therefore,Wuyuer River and Nemoer River basin,which was the typical black soil region in Northeast China,was chosen as the study area.Gully distribution data for the study area in 1965 and 2005 were extracted from Corona imagery and SPOT5 imagery respectively.Based on mean center analysis,directional distribution analysis and hot spot analysis,the development evolution of gully erosion in the study area in the past 40 years were discussed.Results showed that the mean center of gully erosion had a trend of moving to northwest.It moved northward by 17.88 km in latitude and 10.12 km westward in longitude.For the movement of mean center,the moving direction of gully erosion in latitude was consistent with land use,revealing that the mean center movement of gully erosion was closely related to the increase in cultivated land area caused by grassland reclamation.The main directions of gully erosion occuring in 1965 and 2005 were basically same,and the direction of gully erosion was mostly affected by the river distribution.The directional ellipse range of gully erosion in 2005 was larger than that in 1965.About 60% of the gullies were in the development mode of random pattern in 1965;however,about 70% of the gullies were in the development mode of clustering pattern in 2005.The change from random pattern to clustering pattern increased the risk of gully erosion in black soil region of Northeast China.
Gully erosion is an important environment problem in the black soil region of Northeast China.Increasingly severe gully erosion had seriously affected on the economic and social sustainable development in this region.Therefore,Wuyuer River and Nemoer River basin,which was the typical black soil region in Northeast China,was chosen as the study area.Gully distribution data for the study area in 1965 and 2005 were extracted from Corona imagery and SPOT5 imagery respectively.Based on mean center analysis,directional distribution analysis and hot spot analysis,the development evolution of gully erosion in the study area in the past 40 years were discussed.Results showed that the mean center of gully erosion had a trend of moving to northwest.It moved northward by 17.88 km in latitude and 10.12 km westward in longitude.For the movement of mean center,the moving direction of gully erosion in latitude was consistent with land use,revealing that the mean center movement of gully erosion was closely related to the increase in cultivated land area caused by grassland reclamation.The main directions of gully erosion occuring in 1965 and 2005 were basically same,and the direction of gully erosion was mostly affected by the river distribution.The directional ellipse range of gully erosion in 2005 was larger than that in 1965.About 60% of the gullies were in the development mode of random pattern in 1965;however,about 70% of the gullies were in the development mode of clustering pattern in 2005.The change from random pattern to clustering pattern increased the risk of gully erosion in black soil region of Northeast China.
引文
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[25] 杨华.山西吉县黄土区切沟分类的研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2001,23(1):38-43.
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[32] 杜书立,李浩,陈强,等.典型黑土区侵蚀沟空间分布特征及主要影响因子分析——以黑龙江省引龙河农场为例[J].土壤与作物,2013,2(4):177-182.
[33] 刘纪远,匡文慧,张增祥,等.20世纪80年代末以来中国土地利用变化的基本特征与空间格局[J].地理学报,2014,69(1):1-14.
[2] 鄂竟平.加强领导明确重点全力搞好东北黑土区水土流失综合防治试点[J].中国水土保持,2003,24(11):1-3.
[3] 胡刚,伍永秋,刘宝元,等.东北漫岗黑土区浅沟侵蚀发育特征[J].地理科学,2009,29(4):545-549.
[4] 张永光,伍永秋,刘洪鹄,等.东北漫岗黑土区地形因子对浅沟侵蚀的影响分析[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(2):35-38.
[5] 董一帆,伍永秋.利用虚拟插钎对切沟沟底不同部位短期变化的初步研究[J].地理科学,2010,30(6):892-897.
[6] ZHANG Y G,WU Y Q,LIU B Y,et al.Characteristics and factors controlling the development of ephemeral gullies in cultivated catchments of black soil region,Northeast China[J].Soil & Tillage Research,2007,96:28-41.
[7] HU G,LIU B Y,YU Z T,et al.Short-term gully head retreat rates over rolling-hill areas in Black Soil of Northeast China[J].Catena,2007,71:321-329.
[8] WU Y Q,ZHENG Q H,ZHANG Y G,et al.Development of gullies and sediment production in the black soil region of Northeastern China[J].Geomorphology,2008,101:683-691.
[9] 胡刚,伍永秋,刘宝元,等.东北漫岗黑土区切沟侵蚀发育特征[J].地理学报,2007,62(11):1165-1172.
[10] 胡刚,伍永秋,刘宝元,等.东北漫川漫岗黑土区浅沟和切沟发生的地貌临界模型探讨[J].地理科学,2006,26(4):449-454.
[11] 张永光,伍永秋,汪言在,等.典型黑土区小流域浅沟侵蚀季节差异分析[J].地理研究,2008,27(1):145-154.
[12] 李晓燕,王宗明,张树文,等.东北典型丘陵漫岗区沟谷侵蚀动态及其空间分析[J].地理科学,2007,27(4):531-536.
[13] 闫业超,张树文,李晓燕,等.黑龙江克拜黑土区50多年来侵蚀沟时空变化[J].地理学报,2005,60(6):1015-1020.
[14] 王文娟,邓荣鑫,张树文.东北典型黑土区40年来沟蚀空间格局变化及地形分异规律[J].地理与地理信息科学,2012,28(3):68-71.
[15] YANG J C,ZHANG S W,CHANG L P,et al.Gully erosion regionalization of black soil area in Northeastern China[J].Chinese Geographical Science,2017,27(1):78-87.
[16] 王文娟,邓荣鑫,张树文.东北典型黑土区讷谟尔河流域土地利用变化对沟蚀影响研究[J].自然资源学报,2016,31(5):833-844.
[17] 蒲罗曼,张树文,王让虎,等.多源遥感影像的侵蚀沟信息提取分析[J].地理与地理信息科学,2016,32(1):90-94.
[18] 孟令钦,李勇.东北黑土区坡耕地侵蚀沟发育机理初探[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(1):7-11.
[19] 苏子龙,崔明,范昊明.基于东北漫岗黑土区坡耕地沟蚀防治的防护林带布局优化[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(4):903-909.
[20] 苏子龙,崔明,范昊明.东北漫岗黑土区防护林带分布对浅沟侵蚀的影响[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(3):20-23.
[21] LIU K,DING H,TANG G A,et al.Detection of catchment-scale gully-affected areas using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) on the Chinese Loess Plateau[J].ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information,2016,5(12):238.
[22] LIU K,DING H,TANG G A,et al.An object-based approach for two-level gully feature mapping using high-resolution DEM and imagery:A case study on hilly loess plateau region,China[J].Chinese Geographical Science,2017,27(3):415-430.
[23] WANG R H,ZHANG S W,PU L M,et al.Gully erosion mapping and monitoring at multiple scales based on multi-source remote sensing data of the Sancha River Catchment,Northeast China[J].ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information,2016,5(11):200.
[24] 于章涛,伍永秋.黑土地切沟侵蚀的成因与危害[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2003,39(5):701-705.
[25] 杨华.山西吉县黄土区切沟分类的研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2001,23(1):38-43.
[26] 刘纪远,张增祥,庄大方,等.20世纪90年代中国土地利用变化的遥感时空信息研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.
[27] 张树文,张养贞,李颖,等.东北地区土地利用/覆被时空特征分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[28] GETIS A,ORD J K.The analysis of spatial association by use of distance statistics[J].Geographical Analysis,1992,24(3):189-206.
[29] ANSELIN L.Local indicators of spatial association-LISA[J].Geographical Analysis,1995,27:93-115.
[30] 徐建华,岳文泽.近20年来中国人口重心与经济重心的演变及其对比分析[J].地理科学,2001,21(5):385-389.
[31] 汪应宏,郭达志,张海荣,等.我国煤炭资源势的空间分布及其应用[J].自然资源学报,2006,21(2):225-230.
[32] 杜书立,李浩,陈强,等.典型黑土区侵蚀沟空间分布特征及主要影响因子分析——以黑龙江省引龙河农场为例[J].土壤与作物,2013,2(4):177-182.
[33] 刘纪远,匡文慧,张增祥,等.20世纪80年代末以来中国土地利用变化的基本特征与空间格局[J].地理学报,2014,69(1):1-14.