脉冲射流式液动冲击工具的研制及现场应用
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摘要
目前,对于水力脉冲射流的研究主要集中在脉冲流场及其作用效果等方面,而在液动冲击与脉冲射流协同破岩方面则还是空白。为此,基于脉冲射流相关理论,将液动冲击提速与脉冲射流协同破岩有效结合起来,分析其工作原理与实现条件,研制了脉冲射流式液动冲击钻井工具,并通过室内试验和现场实验验证了该工具的破岩能力。结果表明:(1)冲击体质量小于60 kg时,该工具能够运行;(2)液动冲击与脉冲射流协同作用下的钻具组合破岩能力明显优于其他钻具组合的破岩能力,在水平钻进过程中,其提速效果更明显;(3)冲击效果由冲击体的质量和冲击频率决定,质量为30 kg的冲击体的冲击效果更好;(4)脉冲射流越大,其破岩能力越强,减小工具喷嘴的直径能够增大脉冲射流;(5)液动冲击对高硬度岩石的破碎具有更明显的加速效果,对于胶结程度较差的岩石,通过增大脉冲射流,可更大幅度地提高破岩速度。现场应用效果表明,液动冲击与脉冲射流协同作用下的钻具组合的机械钻速为2.52 m/h,较之于常规钻具组合,该工具平均提速可达72.5%。结论认为,该工具为解决深井与水平井钻进速度慢、压持效应明显与岩屑清理困难等问题提供了新的思路。
The current studies on hydraulic pulse jet mainly focus on the pulse jet flow field and its effect, but have never extended to the collaboration of hydraulic impact and pulse jet for rock breaking. In this paper, both hydraulic impact and pulse jet were combined effectively to develop a pulse–jet hydraulic impactor for drilling after analyzing the working principles and realization conditions. The rock breaking capacity of this tool was verified through laboratory experiments and field tests. The following results were obtained. First, the tool can run when the mass of the impactor body is less than 60 kg. Second, the rock breaking capacity of the drilling assembly under the synergistic action of hydraulic impact and pulse jet is obviously better than that of other drilling tools, and the tool is much more efficient than other tools in ROP enhancement. Third, the impact effect is dependent on the mass and impact frequency of the impactor and the impactor with the mass of 30 kg is better in impact effect. Fourth, the larger the impulse jet, the higher its rock breaking capacity is. The pulse jet can be increased by reducing the diameter of the tool's nozzle. Fifth, hydraulic impact can help accelerate the breaking of high-hardness rocks, and the breaking of less-cemented rocks can be greatly enhanced by increasing the pulse jet. Field application results show that the ROP of the drilling tool based on the collaboration of hydraulic impact and pulse jet is 2.52 m/h, which is 72.5% higher than that of conventional drilling assemblies. It is concluded that this developed pulse–jet hydraulic impactor provides a new idea to solve the problems in deep wells and horizontal wells, such as low drilling speed, obvious chip hold down effect and difficult cuttings removal.
The current studies on hydraulic pulse jet mainly focus on the pulse jet flow field and its effect, but have never extended to the collaboration of hydraulic impact and pulse jet for rock breaking. In this paper, both hydraulic impact and pulse jet were combined effectively to develop a pulse–jet hydraulic impactor for drilling after analyzing the working principles and realization conditions. The rock breaking capacity of this tool was verified through laboratory experiments and field tests. The following results were obtained. First, the tool can run when the mass of the impactor body is less than 60 kg. Second, the rock breaking capacity of the drilling assembly under the synergistic action of hydraulic impact and pulse jet is obviously better than that of other drilling tools, and the tool is much more efficient than other tools in ROP enhancement. Third, the impact effect is dependent on the mass and impact frequency of the impactor and the impactor with the mass of 30 kg is better in impact effect. Fourth, the larger the impulse jet, the higher its rock breaking capacity is. The pulse jet can be increased by reducing the diameter of the tool's nozzle. Fifth, hydraulic impact can help accelerate the breaking of high-hardness rocks, and the breaking of less-cemented rocks can be greatly enhanced by increasing the pulse jet. Field application results show that the ROP of the drilling tool based on the collaboration of hydraulic impact and pulse jet is 2.52 m/h, which is 72.5% higher than that of conventional drilling assemblies. It is concluded that this developed pulse–jet hydraulic impactor provides a new idea to solve the problems in deep wells and horizontal wells, such as low drilling speed, obvious chip hold down effect and difficult cuttings removal.
引文
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[12]齐列锋.新型液压式扭力冲击器设计与动力仿真[D].荆州:长江大学,2016.Qi Liefeng.The design of new type of hydraulic torsion impactor and its dynamic simulation[D].Jingzhou:Yangtze University,2016.
[13]Martins AL,Santana ML,Campos W&Gaspari EF.Evaluating the transport of solids generated by shale instabilities in ERW drilling[J].SPE Drilling&Completion,1999,14(4):254-259.
[14]Yan Tie,Wang Kelin,Sun Xiaofeng,Luan Shizhu&Shao Shuai.State-of-the-art cuttings transport with aerated liquid and foam in complex structure wells[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2014,37:560-568.
[15]Duan Mingqin,Miska SZ,Yu Mengjiao,Takach NE,Ahmed RM&Zettner CM.Critical conditions for effective sand-sized solids transport in horizontal and high-angle wells[J].SPE Drilling&Completion,2009,24(2):229-238.
[16]唐川林,胡东,裴江红.自激振荡脉冲射流喷嘴频率特性实验研究[J].石油学报,2007,28(4):122-125.Tang Chuanlin,Hu Dong&Pei Jianghong.Experimental study on the frequency characteristic of the self-excited oscillation pulsed nozzle[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(4):122-125.
[17]刘爽,李根生,史怀忠.围压条件下脉冲射流提高清岩效果数值模拟研究[J].石油钻采工艺,2015,37(3):6-10.Liu Shuang,Li Gensheng&Shi Huaizhong.Numerical simulation research on improving cleaning cuttings effectiveness with pulsed jet under conifning pressure[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2015,37(3):6-10.
[18]魏征,高德利,刘永升.水平井脉冲内磨钻头的设计及水力建模[J].天然气工业,2017,37(8):66-73.Wei Zheng,Gao Deli&Liu Yongsheng.Design and hydraulic modeling of pulse grinding bits for horizontal wells[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(8):66-73.
[19]刘爽,李根生,史怀忠,田守嶒.水力脉冲射流旋流流场数值模拟[J].石油钻采工艺,2015,37(5):17-21.Liu Shuang,Li Gensheng,Shi Huaizhong&Tian Shouceng.Numerical simulation research on hydro-pulsed jet swirl fluid flow field[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2015,37(5):17-21.
[20]张毅,李根生,史怀忠,韦明辉.水力脉冲射流压力波动特性规律研究[J].石油机械,2016,44(2):17-22.Zhang Yi,Li Gensheng,Shi Huaizhong&Wei Minghui.Study on pressure fluctuation characteristics of hydraulic pulsed jet[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2016,44(2):17-22.
[21]吴冬宇.高能射流式液动锤冲击系统理论研究及关键结构优化分析[D].长春:吉林大学,2017.Wu Dongyu.Study on impact system based on fluidic hammer with high impact energy and optimizing analysis of other key structures[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2017.
[22]崔柳,汪海阁,纪国栋,吕泽昊,宋先知.高温射流井底流场与参数影响分析[J].石油机械,2017,45(5):1-9.Cui Liu,Wang Haige,Ji Guodong,LüZehao&Song Xianzhi.Analysis of downhole flow field and parameter effect in hydrothermal jet drilling[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2017,45(5):1-9.
[23]张毅,李根生,史怀忠,韦明辉.水力脉冲射流压力波动特性规律研究[J].石油机械,2016,44(2):17-22.Zhang Yi,Li Gensheng,Shi Huaizhong&Wei Minghui.Study on pressure fluctuation characteristics of hydraulic pulsed jet[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2016,44(2):17-22.
[2]潘冬兴.石油钻井中旋冲钻井技术的应用探讨[J].化工管理,2017(31):178.Pan Dongxing.Application of spiral drilling technology in petroleum drilling[J].Chemical Enterprise Management,2017(31):178.
[3]骆新颖.长宁威远区块页岩气水平井提速技术研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2017.Luo Xinying.Research on speed raising technology of shale gas in Changning and Weiyuan block[D].Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University,2017.
[4]童金旺.几种典型难钻地层提速方法[J].石油机械,2016,44(12):38-41.Tong Jinwang.Methods of drilling speed promotion for several typical difficult drilling formations[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2016,44(12):38-41.
[5]祝效华,汤历平,童华.高频扭转冲击钻进的减振与提速机理研究[J].振动与冲击,2012,31(20):75-78.Zhu Xiaohua,Tang Liping&Tong Hua.Study on damping and speed-raising mechanism of high frequency torsional impact drilling[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2012,31(20):75-78.
[6]赵健,徐依吉,邢雪阳,石超,李庆陆,王瑞英.脆性岩石粒子冲击理论模型与实验[J].中国矿业大学学报,2014,43(6):1108-1112.Zhao Jian,Xu Yiji,Xing Xueyang,Shi Chao,Li Qinglu&Wang Ruiying.A theoretical model and experiment of brittle rock impacted by particles[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2014,43(6):1108-1112.
[7]杜玉昆,王瑞和,倪红坚,霍洪俊,黄志远,岳伟民,等.超临界二氧化碳射流破岩试验[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012,36(4):93-96.Du Yukun,Wang Ruihe,Ni Hongjian,Huo Hongjun,Huang Zhiyuan,Yue Weimin,et al.Rock-breaking experiment with supercritical carbon dioxide jet[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2012,36(4):93-96.
[8]郑瑞强.液动旋冲工具的研制[J].石油机械,2017,45(1):30-33.Zheng Ruiqiang.Development of hydraulic rotary impact tool[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2017,45(1):30-33.
[9]许京国,尤军,陶瑞东,张建荣,柳耀泉,杨静.自激振荡式冲击钻井工具在大港油田的应用[J].石油钻探技术,2013,41(4):116-119.Xu Jingguo,You Jun,Tao Ruidong,Zhang Jianrong,Liu Yaoquan&Yang Jing.Application of self-oscillating impact drilling tool in Dagang oilfield[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2013,41(4):116-119.
[10]李思琪,闫铁,李玮,卢亚涛,李显义.高频谐波振动冲击破岩机制及试验分析[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2015,39(4):85-91.Li Siqi,Yan Tie,Li Wei,Lu Yatao&Li Xianyi.Mechanism experimental study of rock breaking assisted with high frequency harmonic vibration and impaction[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2015,39(4):85-91.
[11]李玮,李卓伦,刘伟卿,邱晓宁,陈世春.扭转冲击提速工具在文安区块的现场应用[J].特种油气藏,2016,23(4):144-146.Li Wei,Li Zhuolun,Liu Weiqing,Qiu Xiaoning&Chen Shichun.Field application of torsion impact ROP-improvement tool in block Wenan[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2016,23(4):144-146.
[12]齐列锋.新型液压式扭力冲击器设计与动力仿真[D].荆州:长江大学,2016.Qi Liefeng.The design of new type of hydraulic torsion impactor and its dynamic simulation[D].Jingzhou:Yangtze University,2016.
[13]Martins AL,Santana ML,Campos W&Gaspari EF.Evaluating the transport of solids generated by shale instabilities in ERW drilling[J].SPE Drilling&Completion,1999,14(4):254-259.
[14]Yan Tie,Wang Kelin,Sun Xiaofeng,Luan Shizhu&Shao Shuai.State-of-the-art cuttings transport with aerated liquid and foam in complex structure wells[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2014,37:560-568.
[15]Duan Mingqin,Miska SZ,Yu Mengjiao,Takach NE,Ahmed RM&Zettner CM.Critical conditions for effective sand-sized solids transport in horizontal and high-angle wells[J].SPE Drilling&Completion,2009,24(2):229-238.
[16]唐川林,胡东,裴江红.自激振荡脉冲射流喷嘴频率特性实验研究[J].石油学报,2007,28(4):122-125.Tang Chuanlin,Hu Dong&Pei Jianghong.Experimental study on the frequency characteristic of the self-excited oscillation pulsed nozzle[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(4):122-125.
[17]刘爽,李根生,史怀忠.围压条件下脉冲射流提高清岩效果数值模拟研究[J].石油钻采工艺,2015,37(3):6-10.Liu Shuang,Li Gensheng&Shi Huaizhong.Numerical simulation research on improving cleaning cuttings effectiveness with pulsed jet under conifning pressure[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2015,37(3):6-10.
[18]魏征,高德利,刘永升.水平井脉冲内磨钻头的设计及水力建模[J].天然气工业,2017,37(8):66-73.Wei Zheng,Gao Deli&Liu Yongsheng.Design and hydraulic modeling of pulse grinding bits for horizontal wells[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(8):66-73.
[19]刘爽,李根生,史怀忠,田守嶒.水力脉冲射流旋流流场数值模拟[J].石油钻采工艺,2015,37(5):17-21.Liu Shuang,Li Gensheng,Shi Huaizhong&Tian Shouceng.Numerical simulation research on hydro-pulsed jet swirl fluid flow field[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2015,37(5):17-21.
[20]张毅,李根生,史怀忠,韦明辉.水力脉冲射流压力波动特性规律研究[J].石油机械,2016,44(2):17-22.Zhang Yi,Li Gensheng,Shi Huaizhong&Wei Minghui.Study on pressure fluctuation characteristics of hydraulic pulsed jet[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2016,44(2):17-22.
[21]吴冬宇.高能射流式液动锤冲击系统理论研究及关键结构优化分析[D].长春:吉林大学,2017.Wu Dongyu.Study on impact system based on fluidic hammer with high impact energy and optimizing analysis of other key structures[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2017.
[22]崔柳,汪海阁,纪国栋,吕泽昊,宋先知.高温射流井底流场与参数影响分析[J].石油机械,2017,45(5):1-9.Cui Liu,Wang Haige,Ji Guodong,LüZehao&Song Xianzhi.Analysis of downhole flow field and parameter effect in hydrothermal jet drilling[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2017,45(5):1-9.
[23]张毅,李根生,史怀忠,韦明辉.水力脉冲射流压力波动特性规律研究[J].石油机械,2016,44(2):17-22.Zhang Yi,Li Gensheng,Shi Huaizhong&Wei Minghui.Study on pressure fluctuation characteristics of hydraulic pulsed jet[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2016,44(2):17-22.