液态CO_2相变破岩技术述评研究
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摘要
作为物理破岩技术,液态CO_2相变致裂技术自研发以来,其应用由煤层增透逐渐扩展到岩体破裂,克服了炸药爆破破坏性大、危险性高的缺点,为岩体开挖提供了新的思路。随着CO_2相变破岩技术的发展,泄放能量不断提升,施工工艺不断进步,破岩效果不断增强。但其破岩过程及机理的研究刚起步,理论研究落后于工程实践,这在一定程度上制约该技术的进一步发展,制约其向深部地下工程扩展和大规模推广。本文针对液态CO_2相变破岩技术的起源、原理、应用和研究进展等方面进行介绍,并对上述科学问题及后续研究重点进行展望。
Since the liquid CO_2 phase-transforming rock fracturing technology has been developed, its application has been widened from the area of coal seam permeability increment to rock fracture and fragmentation. As a physical rock fracturing technology, it overcomes the drawbacks of the devastating damage and high risk of explosive detonation, and enlightens a new thought of rock excavation method. With the development of phase-transforming fracturing technology, the energy utilization rate of fracturing has been promoted, and the operation technique has been improved, while the fracturing performance is becoming better and more controllable. However, the investigation on the mechanism of this technology has just started, and some significant issues still remain untouched. The theory on understanding the phase-transforming fracturing technology is far more behind its usage in practical engineering, which limits its further development and wider application in the area of rock fragmentation, particularly in deep underground rock engineering. This paper introduced the origination and principle of the liquid CO_2 phase-transforming(rock) fracturing technology, overviewed the current applications and progresses. Besides, key scientific problems and future research emphasis were prospected.
Since the liquid CO_2 phase-transforming rock fracturing technology has been developed, its application has been widened from the area of coal seam permeability increment to rock fracture and fragmentation. As a physical rock fracturing technology, it overcomes the drawbacks of the devastating damage and high risk of explosive detonation, and enlightens a new thought of rock excavation method. With the development of phase-transforming fracturing technology, the energy utilization rate of fracturing has been promoted, and the operation technique has been improved, while the fracturing performance is becoming better and more controllable. However, the investigation on the mechanism of this technology has just started, and some significant issues still remain untouched. The theory on understanding the phase-transforming fracturing technology is far more behind its usage in practical engineering, which limits its further development and wider application in the area of rock fragmentation, particularly in deep underground rock engineering. This paper introduced the origination and principle of the liquid CO_2 phase-transforming(rock) fracturing technology, overviewed the current applications and progresses. Besides, key scientific problems and future research emphasis were prospected.
引文
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[13]董庆祥,王兆丰,韩亚北,等.液态CO2相变致裂的TNT当量研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2014,24(11):84-88.DONG Qingxiang,WANG Zhaofeng,HAN Yabei,et al.Research on TNT equivalent of liquid CO2phase-transition fracturing[J].China Safety Science Journal,2014,24(11):84-88.
[14]王兆丰,孙小明,陆庭侃,等.液态CO2相变致裂强化瓦斯预抽试验研究[J].河南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2015,34(1):1-5.WANG Zhaofeng,SUN Xiaoming,LU Tingkai,et al.Experiment research on strengthening gas drainage effect with fracturing technique by liquid CO2 phase transition[J].Journal of Henan Polytechnic University(Natural Science Edition),2015,34(1):1-5.
[15]韩亚北.液态二氧化碳相变致裂增透机理研究[D].焦作:河南理工大学,2014.HAN Yabei.Mechanism research on increase coal gas permeability by liquid CO2 phase transition fracturing technique[D].Jiaozuo:Henan Polytechnic University,2014.
[16]孙小明.液态二氧化碳相变致裂穿层钻孔强化预抽瓦斯效果研究[D].焦作:河南理工大学,2014.SUN Xiaoming.Research on strengthening gas pre-drainage effect with the fracturing technique by liquid CO2 phase transition in layer through boring[D].Jiaozuo:Henan Polytechnic University,2014.
[17]张悦,张民波,朱天玲,等.低透气性煤层CO2增透预裂技术应用[J].科技导报,2013,31(23):36-39.ZHANG Yue,ZHANG Minbo,ZHU Tianling,et al.Application of CO2 anti-reflection pre-split technology in low permeability coal seam[J].Science&Technology Review,2013,31(23):36-39.
[18]孙建中.基于不同爆破致裂方式的液态二氧化碳相变增透应用研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2015.SUN Jianzhong.Applied research on permeability increasing by liquid carbon dioxide phase transition blasting based on different initiating condition[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2015.
[19]黄飞,卢义玉,汤积仁,等.超临界二氧化碳射流冲蚀页岩试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(4):787-794.HUANG Fei,LU Yiyu,TANG Jiren,et al.On the erosion of shale impacted by supercritical carbon dioxide jet[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(4):787-794.
[20]杜玉昆.超临界CO2射流破岩机理研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2012.DU Yukun.Study on the rock-breaking mechanism of supercritical carbon dioxide jet[D].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum,2012.
[2]Kristina P,John M S,Farrukh A,et al.Cardox system brings benefits in the mining of large coal[J].ANON,Coal International,1995,243(1):27-28.
[3]Mellor M,Kovacs A.Breakage of floating ice by compressed gas blasting[R].U.S.Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory,1972,Special Report 184.
[4]Caldwell T.A comparison of non-explosive rock breaking techniques[J].Rock Breaking Techniques,2004.
[5]Akcin N A.Optimun conditions and results from the application of the air blasting excavation system[J].Mineral Resources Engineering,2000,9(3):323-334.
[6]Singh S P.Non-explosive applications of the PCF concept for underground excavation[J].Tunnelling&Underground Space Technology,1998,13(3):305-311.
[7]Keman L,Sahari,Hj I.Construction blasting and alternative non-explosive rock breaking techniques[J].Journal of Natural History,2011,45(45):2841-2854.
[8]郭志兴.液态CO2爆破筒及现场试爆[J].爆破,1994(3):72-74.GUO Zhixing.Liquid carbon dioxide cartridge and site test[J].Blasting,1994(3):72-74.
[9]周西华,门金龙,宋东平,等.液态CO2爆破煤层增透最优钻孔参数研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(3):524-529.ZHOU Xihua,MEN Jinlong,SONG Dongping,et al.Research on optimal borehole parameters of antireflection in coal seam by liquid CO2 blasting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(3):524-529.
[10]周西华,门金龙,宋东平,等.煤层液态CO2爆破增透促抽瓦斯技术研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2015,25(2):60-65.ZHOU Xihua,MEN Jinlong,SONG Dongping,et al.Research on increasing coal seam permeability and promoting gas drainage with liquid CO2 blasting[J].China Safety Science Journal,2015,25(2):60-65.
[11]孙可明,辛利伟,张树翠,等.超临界CO2气爆致裂规律实验研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2016,12(7):27-31.SUN Keming,XIN Liwei,ZHANG Shucui,et al.Experimental study on laws of crack caused by gas burst of supercritical carbon dioxide[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2016,12(7):27-31.
[12]王兆丰,李豪君,陈喜恩,等.液态CO2相变致裂煤层增透技术布孔方式研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2015,11(9):11-16.WANG Zhaofeng,LI Haojun,CHEN Xien,et al.Study on hole layout of liquid CO2 phase-transforming fracture technology for permeability improvement of coal seam[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2015,11(9):11-16.
[13]董庆祥,王兆丰,韩亚北,等.液态CO2相变致裂的TNT当量研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2014,24(11):84-88.DONG Qingxiang,WANG Zhaofeng,HAN Yabei,et al.Research on TNT equivalent of liquid CO2phase-transition fracturing[J].China Safety Science Journal,2014,24(11):84-88.
[14]王兆丰,孙小明,陆庭侃,等.液态CO2相变致裂强化瓦斯预抽试验研究[J].河南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2015,34(1):1-5.WANG Zhaofeng,SUN Xiaoming,LU Tingkai,et al.Experiment research on strengthening gas drainage effect with fracturing technique by liquid CO2 phase transition[J].Journal of Henan Polytechnic University(Natural Science Edition),2015,34(1):1-5.
[15]韩亚北.液态二氧化碳相变致裂增透机理研究[D].焦作:河南理工大学,2014.HAN Yabei.Mechanism research on increase coal gas permeability by liquid CO2 phase transition fracturing technique[D].Jiaozuo:Henan Polytechnic University,2014.
[16]孙小明.液态二氧化碳相变致裂穿层钻孔强化预抽瓦斯效果研究[D].焦作:河南理工大学,2014.SUN Xiaoming.Research on strengthening gas pre-drainage effect with the fracturing technique by liquid CO2 phase transition in layer through boring[D].Jiaozuo:Henan Polytechnic University,2014.
[17]张悦,张民波,朱天玲,等.低透气性煤层CO2增透预裂技术应用[J].科技导报,2013,31(23):36-39.ZHANG Yue,ZHANG Minbo,ZHU Tianling,et al.Application of CO2 anti-reflection pre-split technology in low permeability coal seam[J].Science&Technology Review,2013,31(23):36-39.
[18]孙建中.基于不同爆破致裂方式的液态二氧化碳相变增透应用研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2015.SUN Jianzhong.Applied research on permeability increasing by liquid carbon dioxide phase transition blasting based on different initiating condition[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2015.
[19]黄飞,卢义玉,汤积仁,等.超临界二氧化碳射流冲蚀页岩试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(4):787-794.HUANG Fei,LU Yiyu,TANG Jiren,et al.On the erosion of shale impacted by supercritical carbon dioxide jet[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(4):787-794.
[20]杜玉昆.超临界CO2射流破岩机理研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2012.DU Yukun.Study on the rock-breaking mechanism of supercritical carbon dioxide jet[D].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum,2012.