液态CO_2相变破岩桩井开挖技术
|
摘要
为研究液态CO_2相变破岩技术在硬岩桩井开挖中的可应用性,分析CO_2破岩原理,得出泄爆压力与释放能量、TNT当量的关系,进行CO_2破岩成井现场试验和振动监测。研究结果表明:适量的空孔可创造临空面,明显降低质点振动速度,增强破岩效果,但空孔过多会增加泄爆能量的耗散通道,弱化破岩效果或导致破岩失败;CO_2破岩振动波的持续时间短、衰减快、高频成分少,各分速度的主频带一般在100 Hz以下,主振频率集中在20 Hz左右;在半无限岩体中,CO_2破岩区域可分为压碎区和破裂区,压碎区直径为管径的3~4倍,破裂区直径为管径的10~15倍;CO_2破岩技术克服了传统炸药爆破的缺点,是一种高效的台阶破岩方法,还可有效应用于硬岩桩井开挖中,为类似工程岩体开挖提供了新思路。
To study the applicability of rock fracturing technology of liquid CO_2 phase-transforming in pile-well excavation, the principle of CO_2 rock-breaking was analyzed, the relationship between impact pressure and energy as well as TNT equivalent was obtained, and a field experiment and vibration monitoring of CO_2 rock fracturing excavation was conducted. The results show that appropriate empty holes can create free face and obviously decrease the particle vibration velocity, which enhances the rock fracturing quality. However, too many empty holes will increase the dissipative channel of explosion venting energy and weaken the rock breaking effect, or cause the failure of rock fragmentation. In addition, the vibration wave of CO_2 rock fragmentation has a short duration, fast attenuation and little high frequency components. The main frequency band of each velocity component is usually within 100 Hz and concentrates about 20 Hz. Furthermore, in semi-infinite rock mass, the CO_2 rock fracturing zone can be divided into cracked zone and fracture zone, the cracked zone diameter is 3-4 times of the tube diameter, and the fracture zone diameter is 10-15 times of the tube diameter. In conclusion, the liquid CO_2 phase-transforming rock fracturing technology can overcome the shortcomings of traditional explosive blast, and it can not only break rock effectively with bench method, but also be valid in hard rock pile-well excavation, which provides a new thought for similar engineering rock mass excavation.
To study the applicability of rock fracturing technology of liquid CO_2 phase-transforming in pile-well excavation, the principle of CO_2 rock-breaking was analyzed, the relationship between impact pressure and energy as well as TNT equivalent was obtained, and a field experiment and vibration monitoring of CO_2 rock fracturing excavation was conducted. The results show that appropriate empty holes can create free face and obviously decrease the particle vibration velocity, which enhances the rock fracturing quality. However, too many empty holes will increase the dissipative channel of explosion venting energy and weaken the rock breaking effect, or cause the failure of rock fragmentation. In addition, the vibration wave of CO_2 rock fragmentation has a short duration, fast attenuation and little high frequency components. The main frequency band of each velocity component is usually within 100 Hz and concentrates about 20 Hz. Furthermore, in semi-infinite rock mass, the CO_2 rock fracturing zone can be divided into cracked zone and fracture zone, the cracked zone diameter is 3-4 times of the tube diameter, and the fracture zone diameter is 10-15 times of the tube diameter. In conclusion, the liquid CO_2 phase-transforming rock fracturing technology can overcome the shortcomings of traditional explosive blast, and it can not only break rock effectively with bench method, but also be valid in hard rock pile-well excavation, which provides a new thought for similar engineering rock mass excavation.
引文
[1]程康,章昌顺.深孔梯段爆破飞石距离计算方法初步探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(4):531-533.CHENG Kang,ZHANG Changshun.Inquiry into flyrock distance for deep-hole blasting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(4):531-533.
[2]纪冲,龙源,刘建青.爆破冲击性低频噪声特性及其控制研究[J].爆破,2005,22(1):92-95.JI Chong,LONG Yuan,LIU Jianqing.Study on the property and control methods of low frequency blasting noise[J].Blasting,2005,22(1):92-95.
[3]JAYASINGHE L B,ZHOU H Y,GOH A T C,et al.Pile response subjected to rock blasting induced ground vibration near soil-rock interface[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2017,82(2):1-15.
[4]SáEZ E,PARDO G S,LEDEZMA C.Seismic response of a pile-supported excavation on Santiago gravel[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2015,76(9):2-12.
[5]梁开水,王玉杰,唐楷,等.基础桩井岩石开挖爆破[J].爆破,1997,14(3):48-51.LIANG Kaishui,WANG Yujie,TANG Kai,et al.Rock blasting of building foundation pile-well[J].Blasting,1997,14(3):48-51.
[6]郭王林.桥梁桩井爆破地震波传播规律及应用分析[D].绵阳:西南科技大学环境与资源学院,2015:21-36.GUO Wanglin.Seismic wave propagation law of the bridge pile-well blasting and application[D].Mianyang:Southwest University of Science and Technology.School of Environment and Resources,2015:21-36.
[7]廖涛,蒲传金,杨鑫,等.桩井爆破振动在邻近边坡产生的特殊效应[J].岩土力学,2015,36(S2):623-628.LIAO Tao,PU Chuanjin,YANG Xin,et al.Special effects of vibration caused by pile-well blasting in adjacent slope[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(S2):623-628.
[8]蒲传金,廖涛,肖定军,等.桩井爆破振动在边坡的传播规律及预测分析[J].爆破,2017,34(1):77-84.PU Chuanjin,LIAO Tao,XIAO Dingjun,et al.Propagation and predictive analysis of pile-well blasting vibration in slope[J].Blasting,2017,34(1):77-84.
[9]赵昌龙.灰岩地层圆形桩井爆破效果试验研究[D].贵阳:贵州大学矿业学院,2016:16-25.ZHAO Changlong.Experimental study on circular pile-well blasting effect in limestone formation[D].Guiyang:Guizhou University.College of Mining,2016:16-25.
[10]SCHOOLER D R.The use of carbon dioxide for dislodging coal in mines[D].Missouri:Missouri University of Science and Technology,1944:35-47.
[11]KANG Jianhong,ZHOU Fubao,QIANG Ziyang,et al.Evaluation of gas drainage and coal permeability improvement with liquid CO2 gasification blasting[J].Advances in Mechanical Engineering,2018,10(4):1-15.
[12]孙可明,辛利伟,吴迪,等.初应力条件下超临界CO2气爆致裂规律研究[J].固体力学学报,2017,38(5):473-482.SUN Keming,XIN Liwei,WU Di,et al.Mechanism of fracture caused by supercritical CO2 explosion under the impact of initial stress[J].Chinese Journal of Solid Mechanics,2017,38(5):473-482.
[13]CALDWELL T.A comparison of non-explosive rock breaking techniques[D].Brisbane:The University of Queensland.School of Engineering,2004:32-57.
[14]郭志兴.液态CO2爆破筒及现场试爆[J].爆破,1994(3):72-74.GUO Zhixing.Liquid carbon dioxide cartridge and site test[J].Blasting,1994(3):72-74.
[15]周西华,门金龙,宋东平,等.液态CO2爆破煤层增透最优钻孔参数研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(3):524-529.ZHOU Xihua,MEN Jinlong,SONG Dongping,et al.Research on optimal borehole parameters of antireflection in coal seam by liquid CO2 blasting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(3):524-529.
[16]周西华,门金龙,宋东平,等.煤层液态CO2爆破增透促抽瓦斯技术研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2015,25(2):60-65.ZHOU Xihua,MEN Jinlong,SONG Dongping,et al.Research on increasing coal seam permeability and promoting gas drainage with liquid CO2 blasting[J].China Safety Science Journal,2015,25(2):60-65.
[17]王兆丰,李豪君,陈喜恩,等.液态CO2相变致裂煤层增透技术布孔方式研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2015,11(9):11-16.WANG Zhaofeng,LI Haojun,CHEN Xien,et al.Study on hole layout of liquid CO2 phase-transforming fracture technology for permeability improvement of coal seam[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2015,11(9):11-16.
[18]王兆丰,孙小明,陆庭侃,等.液态CO2相变致裂强化瓦斯预抽试验研究[J].河南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2015,34(1):1-5.WANG Zhaofeng,SUN Xiaoming,LU Tingkan,et al.Experiment research on strengthening gas drainage effect with fracturing technique by liquid CO2 phase transition[J].Journal of Henan Polytechnic University(Natural Science Edition),2015,34(1):1-5.
[19]孙建中.基于不同爆破致裂方式的液态二氧化碳相变增透应用研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学安全工程学院,2015:28-34.SUN Jianzhong.Applied research on permeability increasing by liquid carbon dioxide phase transition blasting based on different initiating condition[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology.School of Safety Engineering,2015:28-34.
[20]黄飞,卢义玉,汤积仁,等.超临界二氧化碳射流冲蚀页岩试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(4):787-794.HUANG Fei,LU Yiyu,TANG Jiren,et al.On the erosion of shale impacted by supercritical carbon dioxide jet[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(4):787-794.
[21]杜玉昆.超临界CO2射流破岩机理研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东)石油工程学院,2012:37-52.DU Yukun.Study on the rock-breaking mechanism of supercritical carbon dioxide jet[D].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum.School of Petroleum Engineering,2012:37-52.
[2]纪冲,龙源,刘建青.爆破冲击性低频噪声特性及其控制研究[J].爆破,2005,22(1):92-95.JI Chong,LONG Yuan,LIU Jianqing.Study on the property and control methods of low frequency blasting noise[J].Blasting,2005,22(1):92-95.
[3]JAYASINGHE L B,ZHOU H Y,GOH A T C,et al.Pile response subjected to rock blasting induced ground vibration near soil-rock interface[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2017,82(2):1-15.
[4]SáEZ E,PARDO G S,LEDEZMA C.Seismic response of a pile-supported excavation on Santiago gravel[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2015,76(9):2-12.
[5]梁开水,王玉杰,唐楷,等.基础桩井岩石开挖爆破[J].爆破,1997,14(3):48-51.LIANG Kaishui,WANG Yujie,TANG Kai,et al.Rock blasting of building foundation pile-well[J].Blasting,1997,14(3):48-51.
[6]郭王林.桥梁桩井爆破地震波传播规律及应用分析[D].绵阳:西南科技大学环境与资源学院,2015:21-36.GUO Wanglin.Seismic wave propagation law of the bridge pile-well blasting and application[D].Mianyang:Southwest University of Science and Technology.School of Environment and Resources,2015:21-36.
[7]廖涛,蒲传金,杨鑫,等.桩井爆破振动在邻近边坡产生的特殊效应[J].岩土力学,2015,36(S2):623-628.LIAO Tao,PU Chuanjin,YANG Xin,et al.Special effects of vibration caused by pile-well blasting in adjacent slope[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(S2):623-628.
[8]蒲传金,廖涛,肖定军,等.桩井爆破振动在边坡的传播规律及预测分析[J].爆破,2017,34(1):77-84.PU Chuanjin,LIAO Tao,XIAO Dingjun,et al.Propagation and predictive analysis of pile-well blasting vibration in slope[J].Blasting,2017,34(1):77-84.
[9]赵昌龙.灰岩地层圆形桩井爆破效果试验研究[D].贵阳:贵州大学矿业学院,2016:16-25.ZHAO Changlong.Experimental study on circular pile-well blasting effect in limestone formation[D].Guiyang:Guizhou University.College of Mining,2016:16-25.
[10]SCHOOLER D R.The use of carbon dioxide for dislodging coal in mines[D].Missouri:Missouri University of Science and Technology,1944:35-47.
[11]KANG Jianhong,ZHOU Fubao,QIANG Ziyang,et al.Evaluation of gas drainage and coal permeability improvement with liquid CO2 gasification blasting[J].Advances in Mechanical Engineering,2018,10(4):1-15.
[12]孙可明,辛利伟,吴迪,等.初应力条件下超临界CO2气爆致裂规律研究[J].固体力学学报,2017,38(5):473-482.SUN Keming,XIN Liwei,WU Di,et al.Mechanism of fracture caused by supercritical CO2 explosion under the impact of initial stress[J].Chinese Journal of Solid Mechanics,2017,38(5):473-482.
[13]CALDWELL T.A comparison of non-explosive rock breaking techniques[D].Brisbane:The University of Queensland.School of Engineering,2004:32-57.
[14]郭志兴.液态CO2爆破筒及现场试爆[J].爆破,1994(3):72-74.GUO Zhixing.Liquid carbon dioxide cartridge and site test[J].Blasting,1994(3):72-74.
[15]周西华,门金龙,宋东平,等.液态CO2爆破煤层增透最优钻孔参数研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(3):524-529.ZHOU Xihua,MEN Jinlong,SONG Dongping,et al.Research on optimal borehole parameters of antireflection in coal seam by liquid CO2 blasting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(3):524-529.
[16]周西华,门金龙,宋东平,等.煤层液态CO2爆破增透促抽瓦斯技术研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2015,25(2):60-65.ZHOU Xihua,MEN Jinlong,SONG Dongping,et al.Research on increasing coal seam permeability and promoting gas drainage with liquid CO2 blasting[J].China Safety Science Journal,2015,25(2):60-65.
[17]王兆丰,李豪君,陈喜恩,等.液态CO2相变致裂煤层增透技术布孔方式研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2015,11(9):11-16.WANG Zhaofeng,LI Haojun,CHEN Xien,et al.Study on hole layout of liquid CO2 phase-transforming fracture technology for permeability improvement of coal seam[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2015,11(9):11-16.
[18]王兆丰,孙小明,陆庭侃,等.液态CO2相变致裂强化瓦斯预抽试验研究[J].河南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2015,34(1):1-5.WANG Zhaofeng,SUN Xiaoming,LU Tingkan,et al.Experiment research on strengthening gas drainage effect with fracturing technique by liquid CO2 phase transition[J].Journal of Henan Polytechnic University(Natural Science Edition),2015,34(1):1-5.
[19]孙建中.基于不同爆破致裂方式的液态二氧化碳相变增透应用研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学安全工程学院,2015:28-34.SUN Jianzhong.Applied research on permeability increasing by liquid carbon dioxide phase transition blasting based on different initiating condition[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology.School of Safety Engineering,2015:28-34.
[20]黄飞,卢义玉,汤积仁,等.超临界二氧化碳射流冲蚀页岩试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(4):787-794.HUANG Fei,LU Yiyu,TANG Jiren,et al.On the erosion of shale impacted by supercritical carbon dioxide jet[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(4):787-794.
[21]杜玉昆.超临界CO2射流破岩机理研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东)石油工程学院,2012:37-52.DU Yukun.Study on the rock-breaking mechanism of supercritical carbon dioxide jet[D].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum.School of Petroleum Engineering,2012:37-52.