基于GIS与RS技术的赤水河流域生态风险评价——以仁怀市为例
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摘要
为揭示赤水河流域土地利用/覆被变化对区域生态风险的影响以及空间分布,以赤水河流域中游城市仁怀市作为研究区,采用GIS与RS技术与生态风险指数(ERI)模型,开展基于土地利用/覆被变化的生态风险评价研究,探讨了土地利用变化背景下仁怀市生态风险变化特征以及演变机理,并提出了政策保障措施。结果表明,(1)2000—2014年,区域内有林地、疏林地、水域、园地、建设用地面积增加,而耕地、灌木林地、草地面积减少;(2)仁怀市土地生态风险在空间上呈现较强的区域差异性,基本呈现由西南向东北转移的态势,中部地区生态风险高,建成区以及工业聚集区及其周边高,距离高生态风险区越远,生态风险等级越低;(3)整个研究区主要以中等及较高生态风险等级为主,2000年占整个研究区比例的50%以上,2014年达到65%以上。综上可知,仁怀市生态压力正在逐渐加大;政府在发展过程中应当避免由于高生态风险区域向外延伸,造成区域总体生态风险强度加大和面积增加。应当积极开展区域生态治理与恢复,强化土地利用科学规划。
Taking Renhuai City located at the middle reach of the Chishui River basin as an example, this paper investigated the impact of change inland use and cover on aquatic ecological system risk and its spatial distribution using GIS and RS method as well asthe ecological risk index(ERI) model. We assessed the evolution of the ecological risk and proposed mitigation methods to safeguard the ecological health of Renhuai city through land usage change. The main results are as follows.(1)During 2000—2014, the areas covered by forest, water, parks and construction increased, while the areas of arable crops, shrubs and grasslands decreased.(2) The ecological risk of the land in Renhuai City showed a strong regional variation increasing from the southwest to the northeast,with the ecological risk in the central, established residential and industrial areas higher than that in the surrounding areas.(3)The ecological risk in most of the studied area was moderate to high, accounting for more than 50%and 65% of the total areas in 2000 and 2014 respectively. In conclusion, the ecological pressure to Renhuai City has increased steadily over the past years, and it is hence important for policy makers to ensure that the ecological risk areas would not increase further. Future work should focus on improving ecological management and restoration, and rationalizing land utilization.
Taking Renhuai City located at the middle reach of the Chishui River basin as an example, this paper investigated the impact of change inland use and cover on aquatic ecological system risk and its spatial distribution using GIS and RS method as well asthe ecological risk index(ERI) model. We assessed the evolution of the ecological risk and proposed mitigation methods to safeguard the ecological health of Renhuai city through land usage change. The main results are as follows.(1)During 2000—2014, the areas covered by forest, water, parks and construction increased, while the areas of arable crops, shrubs and grasslands decreased.(2) The ecological risk of the land in Renhuai City showed a strong regional variation increasing from the southwest to the northeast,with the ecological risk in the central, established residential and industrial areas higher than that in the surrounding areas.(3)The ecological risk in most of the studied area was moderate to high, accounting for more than 50%and 65% of the total areas in 2000 and 2014 respectively. In conclusion, the ecological pressure to Renhuai City has increased steadily over the past years, and it is hence important for policy makers to ensure that the ecological risk areas would not increase further. Future work should focus on improving ecological management and restoration, and rationalizing land utilization.
引文
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[16]许开鹏,王晶晶,迟妍妍,等.基于综合生态风险的云贵高原土地利用优化与持续利用对策[J].生态学报,2016,36(3):821-827.
[17]刘晓,苏维词,王铮,等.基于RRM模型的三峡库区重庆开县消落区土地利用生态风险评价[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(1):248-256.
[18]赵岩洁,李阳兵,邵景安.基于土地利用变化的三峡库区小流域生态风险评价—以草堂溪为例[J].自然资源学报,2013,28(6):944-956.
[19]蔡宏,何政伟,安艳玲,等.基于遥感和GIS的赤水河水质对流域土地利用的响应研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(2):286-291.
[20]曾辉,刘国军.基于景观结构的区域生态风险分析[J].中国环境科学,1999,19(5):454-457.
[21]杜军,杨青华.基于土地利用变化和空间统计学的区域生态风险分析——以武汉市为例[J].国土资源遥感,2010,22(2):102-106.
[22]龚文峰,袁力,党永峰.基于RS、GIS的城市化流域土地利用的生态风险研究——以松花江干流哈尔滨段为例[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(20):255-261.
[2]PARRY M L,CANZIANI O F,PALUTIKOF J P,et al.Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change[J].Encyclopedia of Language&Linguistics,2007,12(1):171-175.
[3]许妍,高俊峰,赵家虎.基于GIS的太湖流域主要生态风险源危险度综合评价研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2014,23(3):335-343.
[4]孙洪波,杨桂山,苏伟忠,等.沿江地区土地利用生态风险评价——以长江三角洲南京地区为例[J].生态学报,2010,30(20):5 616-5 625.
[5]冯异星,罗格平,尹昌应,等.干旱区内陆河流域土地利用程度变化与生态安全评价—以新疆玛纳斯河流域为例[J].自然资源学报,2009,24(11):1 921-1 932.
[6]段晓艳,胡业翠.基于景观类型的北京市生态风险时空特征分析[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(20):82-89.
[7]M.POWER,L.S.MCCARTY.Trends in the Development of Ecological Risk Assessment and Management Frameworks[J].Human&Ecological Risk Assessment An International Journal,2002,8(1):7-18.
[8]宋国利,臧淑英,钟婷婷.温州市乐清湾土地利用的生态风险—基于RS和GIS的分析[J].自然灾害学报,2010,19(6):76-85.
[9]ANGELA M.OBERY,WAYNNE G.LANDIS.A Regional Multiple Stressor Risk Assessment of the Codorus Creek Watershed Applying the Relative Risk Model[J].Human&Ecological Risk Assessment An International Journal,2002,8(2):405-428.
[10]颜磊,许学工.区域生态风险评价研究进展[J].地域研究与开发,2010,29(1):113-118.
[11]李谢辉,李景宜.基于GIS的区域景观生态风险分析—以渭河下游河流沿线区域为例[J].干旱区研究,2008,25(6):899-903.
[12]杨叶涛,龚建雅,周启鸣,等.土地利用景观格局对城市扩张影响研究[J].自然资源学报,2010,25(2):100-105.
[13]付在毅,许学工,林辉平,等.辽河三角洲湿地区域生态风险评价[J].生态学报,2001,21(3):365-373.
[14]徐立,刘少博,刘云国,等.湘中红壤丘陵区土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响—以长沙市为例[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(8):1 788-1 792.
[15]时卉,杨兆萍,韩芳,等.干旱区高山湿地生态风险时空变化—以巴音布鲁克自然遗产地为例[J].干旱区研究,2015,32(3):614-621.
[16]许开鹏,王晶晶,迟妍妍,等.基于综合生态风险的云贵高原土地利用优化与持续利用对策[J].生态学报,2016,36(3):821-827.
[17]刘晓,苏维词,王铮,等.基于RRM模型的三峡库区重庆开县消落区土地利用生态风险评价[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(1):248-256.
[18]赵岩洁,李阳兵,邵景安.基于土地利用变化的三峡库区小流域生态风险评价—以草堂溪为例[J].自然资源学报,2013,28(6):944-956.
[19]蔡宏,何政伟,安艳玲,等.基于遥感和GIS的赤水河水质对流域土地利用的响应研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(2):286-291.
[20]曾辉,刘国军.基于景观结构的区域生态风险分析[J].中国环境科学,1999,19(5):454-457.
[21]杜军,杨青华.基于土地利用变化和空间统计学的区域生态风险分析——以武汉市为例[J].国土资源遥感,2010,22(2):102-106.
[22]龚文峰,袁力,党永峰.基于RS、GIS的城市化流域土地利用的生态风险研究——以松花江干流哈尔滨段为例[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(20):255-261.