隧洞开挖过程中掏槽孔起爆位置的优选
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摘要
从爆炸应力波传播与反射的角度分析了起爆位置的影响作用机制。针对隧洞的钻爆开挖,采用数值模拟的手段,比较分析了不同起爆位置下,掏槽孔的掏槽效果及其所诱发支护结构的爆破振动响应。结果表明,起爆点位于不同位置时,掏槽孔的掏槽效果与支护结构的爆破振动响应均有较大差别。正向起爆时,支护结构的振动水平最小,最利于支护结构的安全,但其掏槽效果逊于反向起爆;反向起爆的掏槽效果最佳,但其所诱发的支护结构振动最强,严重威胁支护结构的安全;中点起爆时,掏槽效果与支护结构的振动水平介于正、反向起爆之间。根据不同的围岩条件,优化了掏槽孔起爆位置的选择。
The influence action mechanism of detonating position was analysed in a perspective of propagation and reflection of blast stress wave. Based on drill-blast excavation of a tunnel,the slotting effect of a cut-hole and the corresponding induced blast vibration responses of the support structure under different detonating locations were analyzed contrastively with numerical simulation. Results indicated that both the cut-hole 's slotting effect and blast vibration responses of the support structure have larger differences under different detonating locations; the blast vibration of the support structure under direct initiation is minimum in favor of the support structure's safety,but the cut hole's slotting effect is poor; the slotting effect of reverse initiation is best,but the induced blast vibration of the support structure is maximum to seriously threaten the support structure's safety; under middle initiation,both the slotting effect and the blast vibration of the support structure are mediate. According to different conditions of surrounding rock,the selection of cut holes' detonating location was optimized.
The influence action mechanism of detonating position was analysed in a perspective of propagation and reflection of blast stress wave. Based on drill-blast excavation of a tunnel,the slotting effect of a cut-hole and the corresponding induced blast vibration responses of the support structure under different detonating locations were analyzed contrastively with numerical simulation. Results indicated that both the cut-hole 's slotting effect and blast vibration responses of the support structure have larger differences under different detonating locations; the blast vibration of the support structure under direct initiation is minimum in favor of the support structure's safety,but the cut hole's slotting effect is poor; the slotting effect of reverse initiation is best,but the induced blast vibration of the support structure is maximum to seriously threaten the support structure's safety; under middle initiation,both the slotting effect and the blast vibration of the support structure are mediate. According to different conditions of surrounding rock,the selection of cut holes' detonating location was optimized.
引文
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[18]严鹏,卢文波,罗忆,等.基于小波变换时-能密度分析的爆破开挖过程中地应力动态卸载振动到达时刻识别[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增刊1):2836-2844.YAN Peng,LU Wenbo,LUO Yi,et al.Identification of arriving time of vibration induced by geo-stress dynamic unloading during blasting-excavation employing method of time-energy analysis based on wavelet transform[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(Sup1):2836-2844.
[19]陈明,卢文波.爆炸应力波对新浇混凝土衬砌的影响研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(2):455-459.CHEN Ming,LU Wenbo.The influence of explosive stress wave on young concrete lining[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(2):455-459.
[20]杨建华,卢文波,严鹏,等.全断面开挖爆破产生的自由面对振动频率的影响研究[J].振动与冲击,2016,35(7):192-197.YANG Jianhua,LU Wenbo,YAN Peng,et al.Influences of blast-created free surfaces on blasting vibration frequencies during full-face excavation[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2016,35(7):192-197.
[21]胡英国,卢文波,陈明,等.岩石爆破损伤模型的比选与改进[J].岩土力学,2012,33(11):3278-3284.HU Yingguo,LU Wenbo,CHEN Ming,et al.Comparison and improvement of blasting damage models for rock[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(11):3278-3284.
[22]刘亮,卢文波,陈明,等.钻爆开挖条件下岩体临界破碎状态的损伤阈值统计研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(6):1133-1140.LIU Liang,LU Wenbo,CHEN Ming,et al.Statistic damage threshold of critical broken rock mass under blasting load[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(6):1133-1140.
[23]吴帅峰,王戈,袁东凯,等.爆破振动对新浇混凝土影响的试验研究[J].振动与冲击,2017,36(2):39-44.WU Shuaifeng,WANG Ge,YUAN Dongkai,et al.Experimental study on influence of blasting vibration on fresh concrete[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2017,36(2):39-44.
[24]夏祥,李海波,张大岩,等.红沿河核电站基岩爆破的控制标准[J].爆炸与冲击,2010,30(1):27-32.XIA Xiang,LI Haibo,ZHANG Dayan,et al.Safety threshold of blasting-induced rock vibration for Honyanhe nuclear power plant[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2010,30(1):27-32.
[25]JERN M.Determination of the damaged zone in quarries,related to aggregate production[J].Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,2011,60(2):157-166.
[26]GORBUNOV A A.Seismoacoustic evaluation of the effect of blasting on rocks[J].Translated from Gidrotekhni Cheskoe Stroitel’stvo,1974,1(1):16-19.
[27]中国工程爆破工程协会.爆破安全规程:GB 6722—2011[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2011.
[2]ONEDERRA I A,FURTNEY J K,SELLERS E,et al.Modelling blast induced damage from a fully coupled explosive charge[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2013,58(1):73-84.
[3]郭涛,冯彬,李裕春,等.不同起爆方式对水下深孔爆破危害效应影响的数值模拟[J].爆破器材,2012,41(1):29-31.GUO Tao,FENG Bin,LI Yuchun,et al.Numerical simulation of harmful effect of underwater deep-hole blasting with different ignition mode[J].Explosive Materials,2012,41(1):29-31.
[4]龚敏,黎剑华.延长药包不同位置起爆时的应力场[J].北京科技大学学报,2002,24(3):248-253.GONG Min,LI Jianhua.A research on stress field of column and strip-shaped charge in different detonated points[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2002,24(3):248-253.
[5]杨泽进.柱状装药爆轰方向对爆破震动影响的研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2012.
[6]陈光,杨泽进,赵耀宙,等.端面起爆爆破震动方向性研究[J].山西煤炭,2013,33(3):52-53.CHEN Guang,YANG Zejin,ZHAO Yaozhou,et al.Research on vibration directivity of end face blasting[J].Shanxi Coal,2013,33(3):52-53.
[7]张光雄,杨军.柱状药包爆炸应力场模拟研究[J].爆破器材,2006,35(5):8-12.ZHANG Guangxiong,YANG Jun.Simulation study on stress field of cylindrical charge by different initiation[J].Explosive Materials,2006,35(5):8-12.
[8]胡少斌,王恩元,陈鹏,等.起爆位置对煤岩体深孔爆破的影响[J].煤矿安全,2012,43(2):167-171.HU Shaobin,WANG Enyuan,CHEN Peng,et al.Effect of initiation position on coal and rock deep-hole blasting[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2012,43(2):167-171.
[9]修宗祥,杨秀娟,闫相祯,等.水下钻孔爆破不同起爆方式的数值模拟[J].中国港湾建设,2009(1):9-12.XIU Zongxiang,YANG Xiujuan,YAN Xiangzhen,et al.Numerical simulation of different detonation modes for underwater drilling blast[J].China Harbour Engineering,2009(1):9-12.
[10]向文飞,舒大强,朱传云.起爆方式对条形药包爆炸应力场的影响分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(9):1624-1628.XIANG Wenfei,SHU Daqiang,ZHU Chuanyun.Impacts of detonation mode on blast stress field of linear explosive charge[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(9):1624-1628.
[11]刘殿书,谢夫海,陈寿峰.起爆方式对岩石爆破破碎影响的数值模拟研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,1999,28(6):605-607.LIU Dianshu,XIE Fuhai,CHEN Shoufeng.Numerical simulation on rock fragmentation by blasting under different detonation manners[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,1999,28(6):605-607.
[12]张志呈,李显寅.柱状装药结构起爆药位置的设置对提高爆破质量的重要性[J].四川冶金,2009,31(5):1-6.ZHANG Zhicheng,LI Xianyin.The importance of improving blasting quality by setting the position of primary explosives in the structure of column charge[J].Sichuan Metallurgy,2009,31(5):1-6.
[13]李显寅.起爆药包位置影响爆破效果的研究进展[J].化工矿物与加工,2009,38(7):38-41.LI Xianyin.Research progresses on influence of initiation charge location for blasting effect[J].Industrial Minerals&Processing,2009,38(7):38-41.
[14]周传波,谷任国,罗学东.坚硬岩石一次爆破成井掏槽方式的数值模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(13):2298-2303.ZHOU Chuanbo,GU Renguo,LUO Xuedong.Numerical simulation on cutting mode of shaft excavation by one-step deep-hole blasting in hard rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(13):2298-2303.
[15]JIMENO C L,JIMENO E L,CARCEDO F J A.Drilling and blasting of rocks[M].Rotterdam:A A Balkema Publishers,1995.
[16]LU Wenbo,LENG Zhendong,HU Haoran,et al.Experimental and numerical investigation of the effect of blast-generated free surfaces on blasting vibration[EB/OL].(2016-12-04).https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2016.1262285.
[17]冷振东,卢文波,胡浩然,等.爆生自由面对边坡微差爆破诱发振动峰值的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(9):1815-1822.LENG Zhendong,LU Wenbo,HU Haoran,et al.Studies on the influence of blast-created free face on ground vibration in slope blasts with millisecond-delays[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(9):1815-1822.
[18]严鹏,卢文波,罗忆,等.基于小波变换时-能密度分析的爆破开挖过程中地应力动态卸载振动到达时刻识别[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增刊1):2836-2844.YAN Peng,LU Wenbo,LUO Yi,et al.Identification of arriving time of vibration induced by geo-stress dynamic unloading during blasting-excavation employing method of time-energy analysis based on wavelet transform[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(Sup1):2836-2844.
[19]陈明,卢文波.爆炸应力波对新浇混凝土衬砌的影响研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(2):455-459.CHEN Ming,LU Wenbo.The influence of explosive stress wave on young concrete lining[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(2):455-459.
[20]杨建华,卢文波,严鹏,等.全断面开挖爆破产生的自由面对振动频率的影响研究[J].振动与冲击,2016,35(7):192-197.YANG Jianhua,LU Wenbo,YAN Peng,et al.Influences of blast-created free surfaces on blasting vibration frequencies during full-face excavation[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2016,35(7):192-197.
[21]胡英国,卢文波,陈明,等.岩石爆破损伤模型的比选与改进[J].岩土力学,2012,33(11):3278-3284.HU Yingguo,LU Wenbo,CHEN Ming,et al.Comparison and improvement of blasting damage models for rock[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(11):3278-3284.
[22]刘亮,卢文波,陈明,等.钻爆开挖条件下岩体临界破碎状态的损伤阈值统计研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(6):1133-1140.LIU Liang,LU Wenbo,CHEN Ming,et al.Statistic damage threshold of critical broken rock mass under blasting load[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(6):1133-1140.
[23]吴帅峰,王戈,袁东凯,等.爆破振动对新浇混凝土影响的试验研究[J].振动与冲击,2017,36(2):39-44.WU Shuaifeng,WANG Ge,YUAN Dongkai,et al.Experimental study on influence of blasting vibration on fresh concrete[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2017,36(2):39-44.
[24]夏祥,李海波,张大岩,等.红沿河核电站基岩爆破的控制标准[J].爆炸与冲击,2010,30(1):27-32.XIA Xiang,LI Haibo,ZHANG Dayan,et al.Safety threshold of blasting-induced rock vibration for Honyanhe nuclear power plant[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2010,30(1):27-32.
[25]JERN M.Determination of the damaged zone in quarries,related to aggregate production[J].Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,2011,60(2):157-166.
[26]GORBUNOV A A.Seismoacoustic evaluation of the effect of blasting on rocks[J].Translated from Gidrotekhni Cheskoe Stroitel’stvo,1974,1(1):16-19.
[27]中国工程爆破工程协会.爆破安全规程:GB 6722—2011[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2011.