医学生农村基层择业意向调查及因素分析——基于甘肃省的调查
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摘要
目的:基于甘肃省数据,调查医学院校毕业生农村基层择业意向,分析其影响因素,为农村卫生人力资源决策提供参考依据。方法:问卷调查甘肃省六所医学高校临床及护理专业临近毕业的学生(本科生五年级、专科生三年级,不包括甘肃省订单定向医学生),采用卡方检验和二元Logistic回归对统计资料进行分析。结果:具有农村基层择业意向的医学生占55.6%,其中,专科生是本科生的2.3倍;"非常愿意"去基层工作的医学生占比为13.8%;家庭人均收入低、月薪期望值不高、农村户籍、了解农村基层就业政策的医学生更容易选择去基层就业。结论:医学生农村基层择业意向受自身因素(学历、户籍等)、卫生人力干预政策、学校就业指导、社会环境等诸多因素影响。卫生决策及管理部门需要综合考虑上述因素,通过推行合理的招募政策,加强农村基层医疗技术设备及基础设施建设,改善农村基层就业环境和职业发展机会,强化医学生就业指导工作等策略,增强医学生农村基层择业意向。
The aim of the present research was to investigate and analyze the hunting intentions of medical students for rural grassroots in Gansu and to provide a reference for decision-making on rural health human resource.A questionnaire is the research tool which was used to investigate the views of the senior students from six medical schools,and we studied their employment willingness to rural healthcare institutions. Chi-square test and non-conditional logistic regression analyses were used for data analysis. A sample of 600 medical graduates was involved in this investigation. The results of this study show that more than a half( 55. 6%) of the students would like to work in rural,but only 13. 8% of which were "very willing"to work at the rural healthcare institutions. According to the outcomes of this investigation,the number of junior college students who would like to work at the grassroots was 2. 3times the number of the undergraduate students. Medical students whose monthly salary expectations were not high,with the household registration in rural areas,and having a better understanding of the policy of rural grass-roots employment were more likely to work at the rural healthcare institutions. Based on the findings of this investigation,it can be concluded that the grassroots medical career intention of medical students is not only influenced by its own factors,such as education and household registration,but also the policy of the government,school employment guidance and social atmosphere play an important role. The above-mentioned factors should be considered by decisionmaking and management departments of public healthcare. The departments should introduce a reasonable recruitment policy and strengthen the construction of grass-roots medical technology,equipment,and infrastructure,improve the grass-roots of employment environment and career development opportunities and strengthen the medical students' employment guidance work to make medical students more willing to work at rural healthcare institutions.
The aim of the present research was to investigate and analyze the hunting intentions of medical students for rural grassroots in Gansu and to provide a reference for decision-making on rural health human resource.A questionnaire is the research tool which was used to investigate the views of the senior students from six medical schools,and we studied their employment willingness to rural healthcare institutions. Chi-square test and non-conditional logistic regression analyses were used for data analysis. A sample of 600 medical graduates was involved in this investigation. The results of this study show that more than a half( 55. 6%) of the students would like to work in rural,but only 13. 8% of which were "very willing"to work at the rural healthcare institutions. According to the outcomes of this investigation,the number of junior college students who would like to work at the grassroots was 2. 3times the number of the undergraduate students. Medical students whose monthly salary expectations were not high,with the household registration in rural areas,and having a better understanding of the policy of rural grass-roots employment were more likely to work at the rural healthcare institutions. Based on the findings of this investigation,it can be concluded that the grassroots medical career intention of medical students is not only influenced by its own factors,such as education and household registration,but also the policy of the government,school employment guidance and social atmosphere play an important role. The above-mentioned factors should be considered by decisionmaking and management departments of public healthcare. The departments should introduce a reasonable recruitment policy and strengthen the construction of grass-roots medical technology,equipment,and infrastructure,improve the grass-roots of employment environment and career development opportunities and strengthen the medical students' employment guidance work to make medical students more willing to work at rural healthcare institutions.
引文
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[13]黄星,左延莉,潘小炎,等.农村订单定向免费医学生现状调查研究[J].中国卫生事业管理,2015,32(6):456-457.
[14]范文燕,汪鑫,车向新,等.基于职业认同的农村订单定向医学人才培养模式探索[J].中国卫生事业管理,2014,31(3):212-214.
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[16]房欲飞.影响大学生基层就业的关键问题——基于实证的分析[J].教育发展研究,2012(21):45-50.
[17]蒋承,李笑秋.政策感知与大学生基层就业——基于“三元交互理论”的视角[J].北京大学教育评论,2015,13(2):47-56.
[18]杨燕.甘肃省医疗机构卫生人力现状与需求调查研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2010.
[19]宋奎勐.我国五省基层卫生人员离职意愿和工作意愿及其影响因素研究[D].济南:山东大学,2014.
[20]王陇德.建立解决农村医疗人才缺乏的长效机制[J].卫生经济研究,2005(1):4-5.
[21]王丽敏,弓箭,孙要武,等.齐齐哈尔市农村卫生人力资源现状调查[J].中国公共卫生,2010(6):759-760.
[22]苟加明,曹建,胡祖杰,等.医学生就业相关问题的调查与分析[J].医学教育探索,2010(8):1034-1036.
[23]刘芳.医药院校毕业生就业面临的形势及对策探讨[J].兰州大学学报:医学版,2003,29(3):77-79.
[24]Increasing Access to Health Workers in Remote and Rural Areas Through Improved Retention:Global Policy Recommendations[R].Geneva:World Health Organiza-tion,2010.
[25]FR DG speech:singapore-uhc[R].Geneva:World Health Organization,2015.
[26]田小会,汪俊华,黄文湧,等.贵州省医学生向农村基层择业意向及影响因素研究[J].中国卫生事业管理,2014(2):137-139.
[2]李秀霞,陈耀龙,王小琴,等.通过改进挽留政策提高农村和边远地区卫生人力的可及性:WHO 2010全球政策建议解读[J].中国循证医学杂志,2013,13(9):1037-1042.
[3]Anand S,Fan VY,Zhang J,et al.China's human resources for health:quantity,quality,and distribution[J].Lancet,2008,372(9651):1774-1781.
[4]王亦龙.影响甘肃省卫生人力资源合理配置的阻碍及其消除[J].国外医学:卫生经济分册,2015(2):63-67.
[5]杨晋梅,尚文茹,李秀霞,等.甘肃省农村卫生人力资源配置现状调查及问题分析[J].卫生职业教育,2016,34(15):110-113.
[6]蔡建国,操春琴.红景天对人体动脉血气的影响[J].中国实用医药,2009(26):145-146.
[7]沉洲.高原小恙[J].安全与健康,2010(14):37-40.
[8]方燕君,郑晓,原晓红,等.医学生基层就业对策研究[J].中国卫生事业管理,2011,28(8):617-619.
[9]蔺多鑫,蒲文静.甘肃省医学高职高专学生就业问题分析与建议[J].卫生职业教育,2014(21):107-108.
[10]高艳玲.当前就业形势下医学高等职业教育人才培养模式的探讨[J].科技信息,2011(33):166,159.
[11]马力.自学考试应用型专科临床医学专业教学内容及课程改革探讨[J].兰州大学学报:医学版,2003,29(2):98-99.
[12]朱庆亚,鲁胜锟,徐天宝,等.医学毕业生到农村就业现状及政府促进对策综述[J].中国农村卫生事业管理,2012(4):346-348.
[13]黄星,左延莉,潘小炎,等.农村订单定向免费医学生现状调查研究[J].中国卫生事业管理,2015,32(6):456-457.
[14]范文燕,汪鑫,车向新,等.基于职业认同的农村订单定向医学人才培养模式探索[J].中国卫生事业管理,2014,31(3):212-214.
[15]王友航,文东茅.高校毕业生基层就业的特征与影响因素[J].教育发展研究,2012(21):37-44.
[16]房欲飞.影响大学生基层就业的关键问题——基于实证的分析[J].教育发展研究,2012(21):45-50.
[17]蒋承,李笑秋.政策感知与大学生基层就业——基于“三元交互理论”的视角[J].北京大学教育评论,2015,13(2):47-56.
[18]杨燕.甘肃省医疗机构卫生人力现状与需求调查研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2010.
[19]宋奎勐.我国五省基层卫生人员离职意愿和工作意愿及其影响因素研究[D].济南:山东大学,2014.
[20]王陇德.建立解决农村医疗人才缺乏的长效机制[J].卫生经济研究,2005(1):4-5.
[21]王丽敏,弓箭,孙要武,等.齐齐哈尔市农村卫生人力资源现状调查[J].中国公共卫生,2010(6):759-760.
[22]苟加明,曹建,胡祖杰,等.医学生就业相关问题的调查与分析[J].医学教育探索,2010(8):1034-1036.
[23]刘芳.医药院校毕业生就业面临的形势及对策探讨[J].兰州大学学报:医学版,2003,29(3):77-79.
[24]Increasing Access to Health Workers in Remote and Rural Areas Through Improved Retention:Global Policy Recommendations[R].Geneva:World Health Organiza-tion,2010.
[25]FR DG speech:singapore-uhc[R].Geneva:World Health Organization,2015.
[26]田小会,汪俊华,黄文湧,等.贵州省医学生向农村基层择业意向及影响因素研究[J].中国卫生事业管理,2014(2):137-139.