广州钟岭村风水林的群落结构及其珍稀濒危植物保护
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摘要
风水林是区域乡土植物的重要栖息地和种源地,也是一些珍稀濒危植物的生长地。以广州市增城钟岭村的风水林为对象,研究其群落结构和生境特征,并分析群落内珍稀濒危植物格木和土沉香的种群特征。在800 m~2样地内有维管束植物31种,隶属于21科28属,以热带分布科和属占优势。林内优势种有5种。群落可分为乔木层、灌木层和草本层3个层次,缺少层间植物。生活型以中、小高位芽为主。该风水林内有珍稀濒危植物格木(Erythrophleum fordii)和土沉香(Aquilaria sinensis),格木以大个体为主,缺乏幼苗,自然更新不良,而仅有1株土沉香幼苗。为了保护区域内的乡土种种源,建议将广州市内有珍稀濒危植物生长的风水林设为自然保护小区并进行严格管理。
Geomantic forest is one special type of vegetations and seed source of regional native plant. Some rare and endangered plants often grow in the geomantic forest. This paper studied the community structure and habitat characteristics of geomantic forest at Zhongling Village, Zengcheng City, Guangzhou, South China. The paper also reported the population characteristics of two rare and endangered plants(Erythrophleum fordii Oliv, Aquilaria sinensis(Lour.) Gilg) in the community. There are 31 species of vascular plants in the 800 m~2 plot, belonging to 21 families and 28 genera. The community is dominated by tropical families and genera. There are five species of dominant species in the forest. The community stratification can be divided into tree layer, shrub layer and grass layer. It is lack of vines and epiphyte. The plants with medium and small high buds dominate the community. The population structure of Erythrophleum fordii and Aquilaria sinensis is unreasonable. Our findings show that the geomantic forest does not effectively protect the rare and endangered plants in the community. We recommend that the geomantic forests with rare and endangered plants in Guangzhou should be set up as small natural reserves with strict management.
Geomantic forest is one special type of vegetations and seed source of regional native plant. Some rare and endangered plants often grow in the geomantic forest. This paper studied the community structure and habitat characteristics of geomantic forest at Zhongling Village, Zengcheng City, Guangzhou, South China. The paper also reported the population characteristics of two rare and endangered plants(Erythrophleum fordii Oliv, Aquilaria sinensis(Lour.) Gilg) in the community. There are 31 species of vascular plants in the 800 m~2 plot, belonging to 21 families and 28 genera. The community is dominated by tropical families and genera. There are five species of dominant species in the forest. The community stratification can be divided into tree layer, shrub layer and grass layer. It is lack of vines and epiphyte. The plants with medium and small high buds dominate the community. The population structure of Erythrophleum fordii and Aquilaria sinensis is unreasonable. Our findings show that the geomantic forest does not effectively protect the rare and endangered plants in the community. We recommend that the geomantic forests with rare and endangered plants in Guangzhou should be set up as small natural reserves with strict management.
引文
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[2]宋永昌,陈小勇,王希华.中国常绿阔叶林研究的回顾与展望[J].华东师范大学学报(自然科学版),2005,1:1-8.
[3]彭少麟.南亚带植物群落动态学[M].北京:科学出版社,1996,86-120.
[4]罗思琦,唐光大,郑明轩,等.广州从化市风水林分类及保护[J].西南林学院学报,2011,6:25-30.
[5]唐光大,陈德平,罗思琦,等.广州从化市江埔风水林主要群落类型及其多样性初步研究[J].广东林业科技,2012,28(1):1-6.
[6]邓剑.风水林的生态特征及保育价值探讨[J].黑龙江生态工程职业学院学报,2013,5:9-10.
[7]黄其成,马姜明.桂林岩溶石山“风水林”植物群落数量分类与排序[J].西北植物学报,2015,35(11):2324-2330.
[8]刘颂颂,叶永昌,张柱森,等.东莞大岭山村边自然次生林群落物种组成特征及其对区域物种库的贡献[J].广东林业科技,2005,4:18-22.
[9]莫惠芝,庄雪影,黄川腾,等.增城市小楼西境村风水林植物多样性的保护与利用[J].广东农业科学,2011,24:144-148.
[10]叶功富,游水生,崔冬冬,等.福建东山岛沙质海岸带不同风水林潺槁树种群生命表分析[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,2010,3:26-35.
[11]吕浩荣,刘颂颂,叶永昌,等.东莞凤岗镇臀果木-黄桐风水林群落特征分析[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2009,17(2):137-145.
[12]朱报著,张方秋,李镇魁,等.广州市含土沉香风水林的群落学特征及其保护[J].广东林业科技,2011,27(2):15-21.
[13]杨期和,陈美凤,赖万年,等.粤东地区客家风水林群落特征研究[J].南方农业学报,2012,12:2040-2044.
[14]邹国岳,吴林芳,赵袁,等.广东紫金黄龙村格木林群落特征分析[J].林业与环境科学,2016,4:67-72.
[15]陈伟锋.东莞风水林群落结构研究[J].科技资讯,2017,26:101-103.
[16]卢泽彬.东莞风水林生物量与碳储量径阶分布[J].中国林副特产,2017,5:43-45.
[17]蚁伟民,张祝平,丁明懋,等.鼎湖山格木群落的生物量和光能利用效率[J].生态学报,2000,20(2):397-403.
[18]叶华谷,徐正春,吴敏,等.广州风水林[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2013.
[19]任海,彭少麟,刘鸿先,等.小良热带人工混交林的凋落物及其生态效益研究[J].应用生态学报,1998,9(5):458-462.
[20]任海,彭少麟,张祝平,等.鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林林冠结构和冠层辐射研究[J].生态学报,1996,16(2):174-179.
[21]黄柳菁.城市化影响下存留南亚热带常绿阔叶林群落特征及其与环境因子关联研究[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院,2010.