基于游客和居民不同视角的江南古镇景观地域特征感知研究——以同里古镇为例
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摘要
江南古镇是地域性景观的典型代表,不仅是宝贵的历史文化遗产,也是重要的文化旅游资源。在旅游发展的背景下,全面认识古镇景观的地域特征价值是实现其保护和发展的基础。以地域景观保护较好、旅游发展较成熟的同里古镇为例,采用问卷调研、照片识别、深度访谈和游览路径跟踪等方式,分别对游客和当地居民对同里古镇景观地域特征的感知度进行了调研和分析。结果显示,二者对古镇物质景观的地域性(如建筑、街巷、景观)和非物质景观的地域性(生产生活、文化风俗、地方美食)感知度都较高。但同时,居民和游客对古镇景观地域特征的认知也存在一定差异,其原因一方面是由于旅游的发展使同里古镇的景观空间和地域特征发生了变化,另一方面是由于古镇旅游产品的体验性和互动性不足,导致古镇景观所蕴含的传统文化价值没有得到全面展现和有效传播等。针对这些问题,提出在居民日常生活与游客观光活动双向交织的背景下,如何进行古镇景观地域特征保护的具体策略。
As a typical representative of regional landscape, ancient towns in the south of the Yangtze River are not only deemed as unique historical and cultural heritage, but also important cultural tourism resources. In tourism development, a comprehensive understanding of the value of regional features of ancient towns is the foundation for conserving and developing them. This paper takes Tongli Ancient Town, which has better regional landscape protection and more mature tourism development, as an example, with the method of combining questionnaires, photo identification, in-depth interviews and tour path tracking to investigate and analyze visitors' and local residents' perception of the regional characteristics of the Tongli Ancient Town landscape. The analysis results indicate that visitors and residents have a higher perception, both in regionality of the material landscapes(such as buildings, streets and alleys, landscapes), and in intangible landscapes(including production and living, cultural customs, local cuisine). At the same time, there are some differences in the cognition of the regional characteristics of the ancient town landscapes. On the one hand, the development of tourism has changed the landscape space and regional characteristics of Tongli Ancient Town. On the other hand, lacking of experience and interaction of ancient town tourism products, the traditional cultural value contained in the ancient town landscape is not fully demonstrated and effectively spread. In response to these problems, based on the two-way interweaving of residents' daily life and tourist sightseeing activities, specific strategies of protecting the regional characteristics of the ancient town landscapes are proposed here.
As a typical representative of regional landscape, ancient towns in the south of the Yangtze River are not only deemed as unique historical and cultural heritage, but also important cultural tourism resources. In tourism development, a comprehensive understanding of the value of regional features of ancient towns is the foundation for conserving and developing them. This paper takes Tongli Ancient Town, which has better regional landscape protection and more mature tourism development, as an example, with the method of combining questionnaires, photo identification, in-depth interviews and tour path tracking to investigate and analyze visitors' and local residents' perception of the regional characteristics of the Tongli Ancient Town landscape. The analysis results indicate that visitors and residents have a higher perception, both in regionality of the material landscapes(such as buildings, streets and alleys, landscapes), and in intangible landscapes(including production and living, cultural customs, local cuisine). At the same time, there are some differences in the cognition of the regional characteristics of the ancient town landscapes. On the one hand, the development of tourism has changed the landscape space and regional characteristics of Tongli Ancient Town. On the other hand, lacking of experience and interaction of ancient town tourism products, the traditional cultural value contained in the ancient town landscape is not fully demonstrated and effectively spread. In response to these problems, based on the two-way interweaving of residents' daily life and tourist sightseeing activities, specific strategies of protecting the regional characteristics of the ancient town landscapes are proposed here.
引文
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[13]王承慧,冷嘉伟.从空间意义的角度论传统空间环境保护:以历史名镇同里为例[J].现代城市研究,2002,17(6):39-44.
[14]张琳.旅游视角下的乡村景观特征及规划思考:以云南元阳阿者科村为例[J].风景园林,2017,24(5):87-93.
[15]熊侠仙,张松,周俭.江南古镇旅游开发的问题与对策:对周庄、同里、甪直旅游状况的调查分析[J].城市规划汇刊,2002(6):61-63;80.
[2]周昊.从同里看江南古镇保护与发展模式[J].工业建筑,2007,37(4):103-105.
[3]李文兵.古村落游客忠诚模型研究:基于游客感知价值及其维度视角[J].地理研究,2011,30(1):37-48.
[4]Bajs I P.Tourist perceived value,relationship to satisfaction,and behavioral intentions:the example of the Croatian tourist destination Dubrovnik[J].Journal of Travel Research,2015,54(1):122-134.
[5]Williams P,Soutar G N.Value,satisfaction and behavioral intentions in an adventure tourism context[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2009,36(3):413-438.
[6]阳建强,冷嘉伟,王承慧.文化遗产推陈出新:江南水乡古镇同里保护与发展的探索研究[J].城市规划,2001,25(5):50-55.
[7]鲍莉.适应气候的江南传统建筑营造策略初探:以苏州同里古镇为例[J].建筑师,2008(2):5-12.
[8]饶晖,洪杰,卢波.江南水乡小城镇形象特色规划:以苏州同里镇为例[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(33):16642-16644;16683.
[9]刘莉,陆林.同里镇居民旅游感知调查分析[J].安徽师范大学学报:自然科学版,2006,29(4):395-398.
[10]周年兴,梁艳艳,杭清.同里古镇旅游商业化的空间格局演变、形成机制及特征[J].南京师大学报:自然科学版,2013,36(4):155-159.
[11]陈泳,倪丽鸿,戴晓玲,等.基于空间句法的江南古镇步行空问结构解析:以同里为例[J].建筑师,2013(2):75-83.
[12]相西如,李丽.古镇型景区历史文脉传承与发展途径的探讨:以太湖风景名胜区苏州同里景区为例[J].中国园林,2011,27(2):78-81.
[13]王承慧,冷嘉伟.从空间意义的角度论传统空间环境保护:以历史名镇同里为例[J].现代城市研究,2002,17(6):39-44.
[14]张琳.旅游视角下的乡村景观特征及规划思考:以云南元阳阿者科村为例[J].风景园林,2017,24(5):87-93.
[15]熊侠仙,张松,周俭.江南古镇旅游开发的问题与对策:对周庄、同里、甪直旅游状况的调查分析[J].城市规划汇刊,2002(6):61-63;80.