桉树种植对林地土壤丛枝菌根真菌群落结构及多样性的影响
|
摘要
桉树(Eucalyptus spp.)种植所产生的生态争议已受到广泛关注。丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, AM真菌)是土壤微生物的重要组成部分,与根系共生后可促进植物的养分运输、提高植物逆境生存能力等。然而,桉树种植对土壤AM真菌群落结构和功能的影响尚不清楚。研究比较了次生林改种桉树后不同年限(2年/5年/10年)的土壤理化性质、AM真菌种类、群落组成及多样性的变化。结果表明,桉树种植显著改变了土壤理化性质,具体表现为2年生和10年生桉树林中土壤pH和有机碳显著降低(P<0.05);AM真菌的孢子密度在桉树林土壤中显著低于次生林土壤(其中在5年生土壤中最低);AM真菌的种丰度随种植年份的增加逐渐下降,在10年生桉树林土壤中有所恢复; 5年生桉树的菌根侵染率最高,10年生桉树侵染率最低。AM真菌群落组成和结构发生显著变化,优势种Funneliforms geosporus的丰度在2年生和10年生林地中显著降低;而Septoglomus deserticola的丰度在2年生和10年生林地中显著增加。另外,冗余分析(Redundancy analysis, RDA)结果表明,土壤AM真菌群落结构主要受土壤pH值(解释率:89.88%)变化的影响。研究揭示了次生林改种桉树林后土壤AM真菌的群落变化特征,为桉树林的栽培管理和环境修复提供了数据支撑。
Eucalyptus plantations are controversial because of its complexed impacts on environments. Arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi in soil provide important ecological functions such as enhancing soil nutrient transportation and plant stress tolerance via symbiosis. Until recently, the influence of massive Eucalyptus planting on soil microbial communities, especially the AM fungi is yet to be investigated. Herein, we investigated into these effects by comparing the diversity and taxonomic composition of AM fungal community in soil between the secondary forest and Eucalyptus forests which involved two-, five-, and ten-year′s plantations. Our results provided evidence that the practices of Eucalyptus plantations significantly changed soil properties(P < 0.05), e.g., the soil pH and soil organic carbon significantly decreased in the two-and ten-year′s soil samples relative to the secondary forest. Importantly, spore density of AM fungi in soil declined by the Eucalyptus plantations, with the lowest level being observed in the five-year plantation. Species richness of AM fungi inclined to decrease within five years of Eucalyptus plantation, but recovered to a contain extent after ten years. In contrast, AM infection rate on the roots of Eucalyptus reached to the highest and lowest level in the five-year and ten-year plantation, respectively. Further, the composition and structure of AM fungi shifted significantly by Eucalyptus plantations. Noticeably, the dominant species Funneliformis geosporus and Septoglomus deserticola significantly decreased and increased in the two-and ten-year Eucalyptus plantations, respectively. Lastly, our redundancy analysis indicated that soil pH largely promoted the variation of the AM fungal community(explanation rate: 89.88%). Collectively, our study revealed the shifts of AM fungi in the soil of the secondary forest after the practices of Eucalyptus plantations, which is necessary to shed light onto the strategies of environment restoration in Eucalyptus plantations.
Eucalyptus plantations are controversial because of its complexed impacts on environments. Arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi in soil provide important ecological functions such as enhancing soil nutrient transportation and plant stress tolerance via symbiosis. Until recently, the influence of massive Eucalyptus planting on soil microbial communities, especially the AM fungi is yet to be investigated. Herein, we investigated into these effects by comparing the diversity and taxonomic composition of AM fungal community in soil between the secondary forest and Eucalyptus forests which involved two-, five-, and ten-year′s plantations. Our results provided evidence that the practices of Eucalyptus plantations significantly changed soil properties(P < 0.05), e.g., the soil pH and soil organic carbon significantly decreased in the two-and ten-year′s soil samples relative to the secondary forest. Importantly, spore density of AM fungi in soil declined by the Eucalyptus plantations, with the lowest level being observed in the five-year plantation. Species richness of AM fungi inclined to decrease within five years of Eucalyptus plantation, but recovered to a contain extent after ten years. In contrast, AM infection rate on the roots of Eucalyptus reached to the highest and lowest level in the five-year and ten-year plantation, respectively. Further, the composition and structure of AM fungi shifted significantly by Eucalyptus plantations. Noticeably, the dominant species Funneliformis geosporus and Septoglomus deserticola significantly decreased and increased in the two-and ten-year Eucalyptus plantations, respectively. Lastly, our redundancy analysis indicated that soil pH largely promoted the variation of the AM fungal community(explanation rate: 89.88%). Collectively, our study revealed the shifts of AM fungi in the soil of the secondary forest after the practices of Eucalyptus plantations, which is necessary to shed light onto the strategies of environment restoration in Eucalyptus plantations.
引文
[1] 崔之益,徐大平,杨曾奖,张宁南,刘小金,洪舟.桉树无性系在华南6种立地条件下的适生性评价.华南农业大学学报,2017,38(3):79- 86.
[2] 黄国勤,赵其国.广西桉树种植的历史、现状、生态问题及应对策略.生态学报,2014,34(18):5142- 5152.
[3] 张樟德.桉树人工林的发展与可持续经营.林业科学,2008,44(7):97- 102.
[4] 于福科,黄新会,王克勤,段昌群.桉树人工林生态退化与恢复研究进展.中国生态农业学报,2009,17(2):393- 398.
[5] Zhang C L,Li X W,Chen Y Q,Zhao J,Wan S Z,Lin Y B,Fu S L.Effects of Eucalyptus litter and roots on the establishment of native tree species in Eucalyptus plantations in South China.Forest Ecology and Management,2016,375:76- 83.
[6] 余斐,华雷,李吉跃,何茜,苏艳.干旱胁迫对3种桉树苗木耗水特性的影响.华南农业大学学报,2015,36(6):98- 103.
[7] 李睿达,张凯,苏丹,逯非,万五星,王效科,郑华.施氮强度对不同土壤有机碳水平桉树林温室气体通量的影响.环境科学,2014,35(10):3903- 3910.
[8] 赵筱青,和春兰.外来树种桉树引种的景观生态安全格局.生态学报,2013,33(6):1860- 1871.
[9] 李羿桥,李西,胡庭兴.巨桉凋落叶分解对假俭草生长及光合特性的影响.草业学报,2013,22(3):169- 176.
[10] Ahmed R,Hoque A T M R,Hossain M K.Allelopathic effects of leaf litters of Eucalyptus camaldulensis on some forest and agricultural crops.Journal of Forestry Research,2008,19(1):19- 24.
[11] Zhang C L,Fu S L.Allelopathic effects of leaf litter and live roots exudates of Eucalyptus species on crops.Allelopathy Journal,2010,26(1):91- 99.
[12] Zhang C L,Fu S L.Allelopathic effects of eucalyptus and the establishment of mixed stands of eucalyptus and native species.Forest Ecology and Management,2009,258(7):1391- 1396.
[13] 吴秀华,泮永祥,胡庭兴,段晓宇,赵敏,胡红玲,陈洪,曾凡明.巨桉根系分解对菊苣生长及光合特性的影响.生态学报,2014,34(16):4508- 4517.
[14] Behera N,Sahani U.Soil microbial biomass and activity in response to Eucalyptus plantation and natural regeneration on tropical soil.Forest Ecology and Management,2003,174(1/3):1- 11.
[15] Cortez C T,Nunes L A P L,Rodrigues L B,Eisenhauer N,Araújo A S F.Soil microbial properties in Eucalyptus grandis plantations of different ages.Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,2014,14(3):734- 742.
[16] Chen F L,Zheng H,Zhang K,Ouyang Z Y,Li H L,Wu B,Shi Q.Soil microbial community structure and function responses to successive planting of Eucalyptus.Journal of Environmental Sciences,2013,25(10):2102- 2111.
[17] Cao Y S,Fu S L,Zou X M,Cao H L,Shao Y H,Zhou L X.Soil microbial community composition under Eucalyptus plantations of different age in subtropical China.European Journal of Soil Biology,2010,46(2):128- 135.
[18] Wu J P,Liu Z F,Sun Y X,Zhou L X,Lin Y B,Fu S L.Introduced Eucalyptus Urophylla plantations change the composition of the soil microbial community in subtropical China.Land Degradation & Development,2013,24(4):400- 406.
[19] Estrada B,Beltrán-Hermoso M,Palenzuela J,Iwase K,Ruiz-Lozano J M,Barea J M,Oehl F.Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere of Asteriscus maritimus (L.) Less.,a representative plant species in arid and saline Mediterranean ecosystems.Journal of Arid Environments,2013,97:170- 175.
[20] 陈永亮,陈保冬,刘蕾,胡亚军,徐天乐,张莘.丛枝菌根真菌在土壤氮素循环中的作用.生态学报,2014,34(17):4807- 4815.
[21] 蒋胜竞,刘永俊,石国玺,潘建斌,冯虎元.丛枝菌根真菌物种多样性及其群落构建机制研究进展.生命科学,2014,26(2):169- 180.
[22] Barto K,Friese C,Cipollini D.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi protect a native plant from allelopathic effects of an invader.Journal of Chemical Ecology,2010,36(4):351- 360.
[23] Lorenzo P,Rodríguez-Echeverría S,Freitas H.No allelopathic effect of the invader Acacia dealbata on the potential infectivity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from native soils.European Journal of Soil Biology,2013,58:42- 44.
[24] 杨海霞,郭绍霞,刘润进.盐碱地生境中丛枝菌根真菌多样性与功能变化特征.应用生态学报,2015,26(1):311- 320.
[25] 郭绍霞,刘润进.不同品种牡丹对丛枝菌根真菌群落结构的影响.应用生态学报,2010,21(8):1993- 1997.
[26] 牛利敏,秦华,徐秋芳,邬奇峰,苗倞婧,彭定聪.长期种植毛竹林土壤丛枝菌根真菌群落演变趋势.土壤学报,2017,54(3):722- 734.
[27] Chaiyasen A,Douds D D,Gavinlertvatana P,Lumyong S.Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Tectona grandis Linn.f.plantations and their effects on growth of micropropagated plantlets.New Forests,2017,48(4):547- 562.
[28] Qin H,Lu K P,Strong P J,Xu Q F,Wu Q F,Xu Z X,Xu J,Wang H L.Long-term fertilizer application effects on the soil,root arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and community composition in rotation agriculture.Applied Soil Ecology,2015,89:35- 43.
[29] Carrillo-Saucedo S M,Gavito M E,Siddique I.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spore communities of a tropical dry forest ecosystem show resilience to land-use change.Fungal Ecology,2018,32:29- 39.
[30] 鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法.北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[31] Daniels B A,Skipper H D.Methods for the recovery and quantitative estimation of propagules from soil.Methods and Principles of Mycorrhiza Research,1982,29-35.
[32] Biermann B,Linderman R G.Quantifying vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae:a proposed method towards standardization.The New Phytologist,1981,87(1):63- 67.
[33] Koske R E.Distribution of VA mycorrhizal fungi along a latitudinal temperature gradient.Mycologia,1987,79(1):55- 68.
[34] Oksanen J,Kindt R,Legendre P,OíHara B,Simpson G L.The vegan package.Community Ecology Package,2007,10:631-637
[35] Heijden MGA,Bardgett R D,van Straalen N M.The unseen majority:soil microbes as drivers of plant diversity and productivity in terrestrial ecosystems.Ecology Letters,2008,11(3):296- 310.
[36] Cook R L,Binkley D,Stape J L.Eucalyptus plantation effects on soil carbon after 20 years and three rotations in Brazil.Forest Ecology and Management,2016,359:92- 98.
[37] Zhang K,Zheng H,Chen F L,Ouyang Z Y,Wang Y,Wu Y F Lan J,Fu M,Xiang X W.Changes in soil quality after converting Pinus to Eucalyptus plantations in southern China.Solid Earth,2015,6(1):115- 123.
[38] Zheng H,Ouyang Z Y,Wang X K,Fang Z G,Zhao T Q,Miao H.Effects of regenerating forest cover on soil microbial communities:a case study in hilly red soil region,Southern China.Forest Ecology and Management,2005,217(2/3):244- 254.
[39] Zheng J F,Chen J H,Pan G X,Wang G M,Liu X Y,Zhang X H,Li L Q,Bian R J,Cheng K,Zheng J W.A long-term hybrid poplar plantation on cropland reduces soil organic carbon mineralization and shifts microbial community abundance and composition.Applied Soil Ecology,2017,111:94- 104.
[40] 岳英男,杨春雪.松嫩盐碱草地土壤理化特性与丛枝菌根真菌侵染的相关性.草业科学,2014,31(8):1437- 1444.
[41] Jaiyeoba I A.Changes in soil properties related to conversion of savannah woodland into pine and eucalyptus plantations,Northern Nigeria.Land Degradation and Development,1998,9(3):207- 215.
[42] Laclau J P,Ranger J,de Dieu Nzila J,Bouilleta J P,Deleporte P.Nutrient cycling in a clonal stand of Eucalyptus and an adjacent savanna ecosystem in Congo:2.Chemical composition of soil solutions.Forest Ecology and Management,2003,180(1/3):527- 544.
[43] Hart M M,Reader R J,Klironomos J N.Life-history strategies of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in relation to their successional dynamics.Mycologia,2001,93(6):1186- 1194.
[44] Mirzaei J,Moradi M.Biodiversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Amygdalus scoparia Spach plantations and a natural stand.Journal of Forestry Research,2017,28(6):1209- 1217.
[45] 张海波,梁月明,冯书珍,赵紫薇,苏以荣,何寻阳.土壤类型和树种对根际土丛枝菌根真菌群落及其根系侵染率的影响.农业现代化研究,2016,37(1):187- 194.
[46] 马琨,陶媛,杜茜,王占军,蒋齐.不同土壤类型下AM真菌分布多样性及与土壤因子的关系.中国生态农业学报,2011,19(1):1- 7.
[47] 王发园,刘润进,林先贵,周健民.几种生态环境中AM真菌多样性比较研究.生态学报,2003,23(12):2666- 2671.
[48] Rhoades C,Binkley D.Factors influencing decline in soil pH in Hawaiian Eucalyptus and Albizia plantations.Forest Ecology and Management,1996,80(1/3):47- 56.
[49] Sicardi M,Garcia-Préchac F,Frioni L.Soil microbial indicators sensitive to land use conversion from pastures to commercial Eucalyptus grandis (Hill ex Maiden) plantations in Uruguay.Applied Soil Ecology,2004,27(2):125- 133.
[50] Soumare A,Sall S N,Sanon A,Cissoko M,Hafidi M,Ndoye I,Duponnois R.Changes in soil pH,polyphenol content and microbial community mediated by Eucalyptus camaldulensis.Applied Ecology and Environmental Research,2016,14(3):1- 19.
[51] Soka G E,Ritchie M E.Arbuscular mycorrhizal spore composition and diversity associated with different land uses in a tropical savanna landscape,Tanzania.Applied Soil Ecology,2018,125:222- 232.
[52] 任爱天,鲁为华,杨洁晶,马春晖.石河子绿洲区苜蓿地丛枝菌根真菌的多样性及与土壤因子的关系.草业科学,2014,31(9):1666- 1672.
[2] 黄国勤,赵其国.广西桉树种植的历史、现状、生态问题及应对策略.生态学报,2014,34(18):5142- 5152.
[3] 张樟德.桉树人工林的发展与可持续经营.林业科学,2008,44(7):97- 102.
[4] 于福科,黄新会,王克勤,段昌群.桉树人工林生态退化与恢复研究进展.中国生态农业学报,2009,17(2):393- 398.
[5] Zhang C L,Li X W,Chen Y Q,Zhao J,Wan S Z,Lin Y B,Fu S L.Effects of Eucalyptus litter and roots on the establishment of native tree species in Eucalyptus plantations in South China.Forest Ecology and Management,2016,375:76- 83.
[6] 余斐,华雷,李吉跃,何茜,苏艳.干旱胁迫对3种桉树苗木耗水特性的影响.华南农业大学学报,2015,36(6):98- 103.
[7] 李睿达,张凯,苏丹,逯非,万五星,王效科,郑华.施氮强度对不同土壤有机碳水平桉树林温室气体通量的影响.环境科学,2014,35(10):3903- 3910.
[8] 赵筱青,和春兰.外来树种桉树引种的景观生态安全格局.生态学报,2013,33(6):1860- 1871.
[9] 李羿桥,李西,胡庭兴.巨桉凋落叶分解对假俭草生长及光合特性的影响.草业学报,2013,22(3):169- 176.
[10] Ahmed R,Hoque A T M R,Hossain M K.Allelopathic effects of leaf litters of Eucalyptus camaldulensis on some forest and agricultural crops.Journal of Forestry Research,2008,19(1):19- 24.
[11] Zhang C L,Fu S L.Allelopathic effects of leaf litter and live roots exudates of Eucalyptus species on crops.Allelopathy Journal,2010,26(1):91- 99.
[12] Zhang C L,Fu S L.Allelopathic effects of eucalyptus and the establishment of mixed stands of eucalyptus and native species.Forest Ecology and Management,2009,258(7):1391- 1396.
[13] 吴秀华,泮永祥,胡庭兴,段晓宇,赵敏,胡红玲,陈洪,曾凡明.巨桉根系分解对菊苣生长及光合特性的影响.生态学报,2014,34(16):4508- 4517.
[14] Behera N,Sahani U.Soil microbial biomass and activity in response to Eucalyptus plantation and natural regeneration on tropical soil.Forest Ecology and Management,2003,174(1/3):1- 11.
[15] Cortez C T,Nunes L A P L,Rodrigues L B,Eisenhauer N,Araújo A S F.Soil microbial properties in Eucalyptus grandis plantations of different ages.Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,2014,14(3):734- 742.
[16] Chen F L,Zheng H,Zhang K,Ouyang Z Y,Li H L,Wu B,Shi Q.Soil microbial community structure and function responses to successive planting of Eucalyptus.Journal of Environmental Sciences,2013,25(10):2102- 2111.
[17] Cao Y S,Fu S L,Zou X M,Cao H L,Shao Y H,Zhou L X.Soil microbial community composition under Eucalyptus plantations of different age in subtropical China.European Journal of Soil Biology,2010,46(2):128- 135.
[18] Wu J P,Liu Z F,Sun Y X,Zhou L X,Lin Y B,Fu S L.Introduced Eucalyptus Urophylla plantations change the composition of the soil microbial community in subtropical China.Land Degradation & Development,2013,24(4):400- 406.
[19] Estrada B,Beltrán-Hermoso M,Palenzuela J,Iwase K,Ruiz-Lozano J M,Barea J M,Oehl F.Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere of Asteriscus maritimus (L.) Less.,a representative plant species in arid and saline Mediterranean ecosystems.Journal of Arid Environments,2013,97:170- 175.
[20] 陈永亮,陈保冬,刘蕾,胡亚军,徐天乐,张莘.丛枝菌根真菌在土壤氮素循环中的作用.生态学报,2014,34(17):4807- 4815.
[21] 蒋胜竞,刘永俊,石国玺,潘建斌,冯虎元.丛枝菌根真菌物种多样性及其群落构建机制研究进展.生命科学,2014,26(2):169- 180.
[22] Barto K,Friese C,Cipollini D.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi protect a native plant from allelopathic effects of an invader.Journal of Chemical Ecology,2010,36(4):351- 360.
[23] Lorenzo P,Rodríguez-Echeverría S,Freitas H.No allelopathic effect of the invader Acacia dealbata on the potential infectivity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from native soils.European Journal of Soil Biology,2013,58:42- 44.
[24] 杨海霞,郭绍霞,刘润进.盐碱地生境中丛枝菌根真菌多样性与功能变化特征.应用生态学报,2015,26(1):311- 320.
[25] 郭绍霞,刘润进.不同品种牡丹对丛枝菌根真菌群落结构的影响.应用生态学报,2010,21(8):1993- 1997.
[26] 牛利敏,秦华,徐秋芳,邬奇峰,苗倞婧,彭定聪.长期种植毛竹林土壤丛枝菌根真菌群落演变趋势.土壤学报,2017,54(3):722- 734.
[27] Chaiyasen A,Douds D D,Gavinlertvatana P,Lumyong S.Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Tectona grandis Linn.f.plantations and their effects on growth of micropropagated plantlets.New Forests,2017,48(4):547- 562.
[28] Qin H,Lu K P,Strong P J,Xu Q F,Wu Q F,Xu Z X,Xu J,Wang H L.Long-term fertilizer application effects on the soil,root arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and community composition in rotation agriculture.Applied Soil Ecology,2015,89:35- 43.
[29] Carrillo-Saucedo S M,Gavito M E,Siddique I.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spore communities of a tropical dry forest ecosystem show resilience to land-use change.Fungal Ecology,2018,32:29- 39.
[30] 鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法.北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[31] Daniels B A,Skipper H D.Methods for the recovery and quantitative estimation of propagules from soil.Methods and Principles of Mycorrhiza Research,1982,29-35.
[32] Biermann B,Linderman R G.Quantifying vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae:a proposed method towards standardization.The New Phytologist,1981,87(1):63- 67.
[33] Koske R E.Distribution of VA mycorrhizal fungi along a latitudinal temperature gradient.Mycologia,1987,79(1):55- 68.
[34] Oksanen J,Kindt R,Legendre P,OíHara B,Simpson G L.The vegan package.Community Ecology Package,2007,10:631-637
[35] Heijden MGA,Bardgett R D,van Straalen N M.The unseen majority:soil microbes as drivers of plant diversity and productivity in terrestrial ecosystems.Ecology Letters,2008,11(3):296- 310.
[36] Cook R L,Binkley D,Stape J L.Eucalyptus plantation effects on soil carbon after 20 years and three rotations in Brazil.Forest Ecology and Management,2016,359:92- 98.
[37] Zhang K,Zheng H,Chen F L,Ouyang Z Y,Wang Y,Wu Y F Lan J,Fu M,Xiang X W.Changes in soil quality after converting Pinus to Eucalyptus plantations in southern China.Solid Earth,2015,6(1):115- 123.
[38] Zheng H,Ouyang Z Y,Wang X K,Fang Z G,Zhao T Q,Miao H.Effects of regenerating forest cover on soil microbial communities:a case study in hilly red soil region,Southern China.Forest Ecology and Management,2005,217(2/3):244- 254.
[39] Zheng J F,Chen J H,Pan G X,Wang G M,Liu X Y,Zhang X H,Li L Q,Bian R J,Cheng K,Zheng J W.A long-term hybrid poplar plantation on cropland reduces soil organic carbon mineralization and shifts microbial community abundance and composition.Applied Soil Ecology,2017,111:94- 104.
[40] 岳英男,杨春雪.松嫩盐碱草地土壤理化特性与丛枝菌根真菌侵染的相关性.草业科学,2014,31(8):1437- 1444.
[41] Jaiyeoba I A.Changes in soil properties related to conversion of savannah woodland into pine and eucalyptus plantations,Northern Nigeria.Land Degradation and Development,1998,9(3):207- 215.
[42] Laclau J P,Ranger J,de Dieu Nzila J,Bouilleta J P,Deleporte P.Nutrient cycling in a clonal stand of Eucalyptus and an adjacent savanna ecosystem in Congo:2.Chemical composition of soil solutions.Forest Ecology and Management,2003,180(1/3):527- 544.
[43] Hart M M,Reader R J,Klironomos J N.Life-history strategies of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in relation to their successional dynamics.Mycologia,2001,93(6):1186- 1194.
[44] Mirzaei J,Moradi M.Biodiversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Amygdalus scoparia Spach plantations and a natural stand.Journal of Forestry Research,2017,28(6):1209- 1217.
[45] 张海波,梁月明,冯书珍,赵紫薇,苏以荣,何寻阳.土壤类型和树种对根际土丛枝菌根真菌群落及其根系侵染率的影响.农业现代化研究,2016,37(1):187- 194.
[46] 马琨,陶媛,杜茜,王占军,蒋齐.不同土壤类型下AM真菌分布多样性及与土壤因子的关系.中国生态农业学报,2011,19(1):1- 7.
[47] 王发园,刘润进,林先贵,周健民.几种生态环境中AM真菌多样性比较研究.生态学报,2003,23(12):2666- 2671.
[48] Rhoades C,Binkley D.Factors influencing decline in soil pH in Hawaiian Eucalyptus and Albizia plantations.Forest Ecology and Management,1996,80(1/3):47- 56.
[49] Sicardi M,Garcia-Préchac F,Frioni L.Soil microbial indicators sensitive to land use conversion from pastures to commercial Eucalyptus grandis (Hill ex Maiden) plantations in Uruguay.Applied Soil Ecology,2004,27(2):125- 133.
[50] Soumare A,Sall S N,Sanon A,Cissoko M,Hafidi M,Ndoye I,Duponnois R.Changes in soil pH,polyphenol content and microbial community mediated by Eucalyptus camaldulensis.Applied Ecology and Environmental Research,2016,14(3):1- 19.
[51] Soka G E,Ritchie M E.Arbuscular mycorrhizal spore composition and diversity associated with different land uses in a tropical savanna landscape,Tanzania.Applied Soil Ecology,2018,125:222- 232.
[52] 任爱天,鲁为华,杨洁晶,马春晖.石河子绿洲区苜蓿地丛枝菌根真菌的多样性及与土壤因子的关系.草业科学,2014,31(9):1666- 1672.