生态风险评估技术框架及其在环境管理中的应用
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摘要
近年来,我国水环境污染呈现高发态势,生态环境遭到严重损害,生态风险隐患问题突出,环境管理的压力不断增大。环境管理战略正在从总量控制向质量控制转变,最终将实现风险控制。故加强生态风险评估方法研究,深入了解风险评估的技术框架和关键科学问题显得尤为重要。研究综述了生态风险评估技术的理论和方法学框架以及关键科学问题,并指出生态风险评估在我国环境管理中的重要意义。
In recent years,water environment pollution has shown a high incidence in China. The ecological environment has been seriously damaged,and the problems of ecological risks are prominent. Thus,the pressure of environmental management is increasing. The environmental management strategy is changing from total quantity control to quality control,and ultimately risk control. So,it is particularly important to strengthen the research on ecological risk assessment methods and understand the technical framework and its key scientific issues. This study summarized the theoretical and methodological framework of ecological risk assessment techniques and its key scientific issues,and pointed out the importance of ecological risk assessment on environment management.
In recent years,water environment pollution has shown a high incidence in China. The ecological environment has been seriously damaged,and the problems of ecological risks are prominent. Thus,the pressure of environmental management is increasing. The environmental management strategy is changing from total quantity control to quality control,and ultimately risk control. So,it is particularly important to strengthen the research on ecological risk assessment methods and understand the technical framework and its key scientific issues. This study summarized the theoretical and methodological framework of ecological risk assessment techniques and its key scientific issues,and pointed out the importance of ecological risk assessment on environment management.
引文
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[14]刘娜,金小伟,穆云松,等.三唑酮在水环境中的环境行为、毒性效应及生态风险[J].生态毒理学报,2017,12(4):65-75.
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[26]冯承莲,付卫强,Dyer Scott,等.种间关系预测(ICE)模型在水质基准研究中的应用[J].生态毒理学报,2015,10(1):68-74.
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[31] Verdonck F A M,Janssen C R,Jaworska J,et al. Geo-referencing of probabilistic risk of new chemicals in rivers[J]. Water Science&Technology,2003,48(3):39-46.
[32] Solomon K R,Giesy J P,Lapoint T W,et al. Ecological risk assessment of atrazine in North American surface waters[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2013,32(1):10-11.
[33]郭广慧.生态风险评估理论和方法学研究—以太湖有机污染物为例[D].广州:中科院广州地球化学研究所,2012.
[34] U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Source Assessment:analysis of Uncertainty-Principles and Applications[R]. 1978,EPA/600/2-79-004.
[35] NCRP Commentary No. 14,“A Guide for Uncertainty Analysis in Dose and Risk Assessments Related to Environmental Contamination,”[R]. Washington,D. C. National Committee on Radiation Programs,Scientific Committee 64-17,1996.
[36]王铁宇,周云桥,李奇锋,等.我国化学品的风险评价及风险管理[J].环境科学,2016,37(2):404-412.
[37]陈春丽,吕永龙,王铁宇,等.区域生态风险评价的关键问题与展望[J].生态学报,2010,30(3):808-816.
[2]雷炳莉,黄圣彪,王子健.生态风险评价理论和方法.化学进展,2009,21(2/3):350-358.
[3] USEPA. Guidelines for carcinogen risk assessment[R]. Fed.Regist.,1986,51:33992-34003.
[4] USEPA. Guidelines for mutagenicity risk assessment[R]. Fed.Regist.,1986,51:34006-34021.
[5] USEPA. Guidelines for the Health risk assessment of chemical mixtures[R]. Fed.Regist.,1986,51:34014-34025.
[6] USEPA. Guidelines for developmental toxicity risk assessment[R].Fed. Regist.,1986,51:34028-34040.
[7] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Guidelines for ecological risk assessment[R]. Washington,DC:Risk Assessment Forum,1998,EPA/630/R-95/002F.
[8] Landis W G,Wiegers J A. Design considerations and a suggested approach for regional and comparative ecological risk assessment[J]. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment:An International Journal,1997,3(3):287-297.
[9] Wallack R N,Hope B K. Quantitative consideration of ecosystem characteristics in an ecological risk assessment:a case study[J].Human and Ecological Risk Assessment:An International Journal,2002,8(7):1805-1814.
[10] Willis R D,Hull R N,Marshall L J. Considerations regarding the use of reference area and baseline information in ecological risk assessments[J]. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment:An International Journal,2003,9(7):1645-1653.
[11] Feng C L,Luo Q,Wang Z J. Concentration levels and potential ecological risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in chinese rivers[J]. Water Quality,Exposure and Health,2009,1(2):105-113.
[12]郭广慧,吴丰昌,何宏平,等.太湖梅梁湾、贡湖湾、胥口湾水体PAHs的生态风险评价[J].环境科学学报,2011,31(12):2804-2813.
[13]智昕,牛军峰,唐阵武,等.长江水系武汉段典型有机氯农药的生态风险评价[J].环境科学学报,2008,28(1):168-173.
[14]刘娜,金小伟,穆云松,等.三唑酮在水环境中的环境行为、毒性效应及生态风险[J].生态毒理学报,2017,12(4):65-75.
[15]汪浩,冯承莲,郭广慧,等.我国淡水水体中双酚A(BPA)的生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2013,34(6):2319-2328.
[16]刘大庆,李小峰,付卫强,等.我国淡水中锌的水生生物水质基准和生态风险[J].环境工程,2017,35(9):18-23.
[17]罗莹,刘娜,徐建,等.我国地表水中磷酸三苯酯的多层次生态风险评估[J].生态毒理学报,2018,13(5):87-96.
[18] ECB. Technical Guidance Document on Risk Assessment-Part II.Technical Report[R]. Ispra:Institute for Health and Consumer Protection,2003.
[19] European Chemicals Bureau(EC/DGXI). Exposure and Fate Assessment Screening Tool(E-FAST)Beta Version Documentation Manual[R]. Brussels:European Chemicals Bureau(EC/DGX I),1999.
[20]袁鹏.突发环境事件风险源识别与分级方法研究[D].北京:北京师范大学,2011.
[21] Eecher B I, Hermens J L M. Internal exposure:linking bioavailability to effects[J]. Environmental Science and Technology,2004,38(23):455-462.
[22] Caldwell D J,Mastrocco F,Hutchinson T H,et al. Derivation of an aquatic predicted no-effect concentration for the synthetic hormone,17 alpha-ethinyl estradiol[J]. Environmental Science and Technology,2008,42(19):7046-7054.
[23]黄圣彪,王子健,乔敏.区域环境风险评价及其关键科学问题[J].环境科学学报,2007,27(5):705-713.
[24] Feng C L,Wu F C,Zheng B H,et al. Biotic ligand models for metals:a practical application in the revision of water quality standards in China[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2012,46(20):10877-10878.
[25] Feng C L,Wu F C,Mu Y S,et al. Interspecies correlation estimation-applications in water quality; criteria and ecological risk assessment[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2013,47(20):11382-11383.
[26]冯承莲,付卫强,Dyer Scott,等.种间关系预测(ICE)模型在水质基准研究中的应用[J].生态毒理学报,2015,10(1):68-74.
[27] Wu F C,Mu Y S,Chang H,et al. Predicting water quality criteria for protecting aquatic life from physicochemical properties of metals or metalloids[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2013,47(1):446-453.
[28] EMEA. Committee for Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use(CVMP):guideline on Environmental Impact Assessment for Veterinary Medicinal Products Phase[S]. London,UK:European Medicines Agency Veterinary Medicines and Inspections,2004.
[29] EMEA. Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use(CHMP):Guideline on the Environmental Risk Assessment of Medicinal Products for Human Use[S]. London,UK:European Medicines Agency Pre-Authorization Evaluation of Medicines for Human Use,2004.
[30] Verdonck F A M,Aldenberg T,Jaworska J,et al. Limitations of current risk characterization methods in probabilistic environmental risk assessment[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2003,22(9):2209-2213.
[31] Verdonck F A M,Janssen C R,Jaworska J,et al. Geo-referencing of probabilistic risk of new chemicals in rivers[J]. Water Science&Technology,2003,48(3):39-46.
[32] Solomon K R,Giesy J P,Lapoint T W,et al. Ecological risk assessment of atrazine in North American surface waters[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2013,32(1):10-11.
[33]郭广慧.生态风险评估理论和方法学研究—以太湖有机污染物为例[D].广州:中科院广州地球化学研究所,2012.
[34] U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Source Assessment:analysis of Uncertainty-Principles and Applications[R]. 1978,EPA/600/2-79-004.
[35] NCRP Commentary No. 14,“A Guide for Uncertainty Analysis in Dose and Risk Assessments Related to Environmental Contamination,”[R]. Washington,D. C. National Committee on Radiation Programs,Scientific Committee 64-17,1996.
[36]王铁宇,周云桥,李奇锋,等.我国化学品的风险评价及风险管理[J].环境科学,2016,37(2):404-412.
[37]陈春丽,吕永龙,王铁宇,等.区域生态风险评价的关键问题与展望[J].生态学报,2010,30(3):808-816.