施肥和刈割对苏丹草补偿生长的影响
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摘要
本研究以苏丹草(Sorghum sudanense)为研究对象,通过刈割和施肥处理,研究苏丹草生长情况及生理生化变化,初步探索苏丹草补偿生长原因,为苏丹草引种和种植提供参考。研究结果表明,刈割显著影响(P<0.05)苏丹草比叶面积大小,随着刈割次数的增加,比叶面积逐渐增大,株高显著(P<0.05)降低,分蘖数增加,植株内脯氨酸和丙二醛含量显著(P<0.05)降低,补偿指数增大,说明刈割能促进苏丹草的补偿生长。施肥对苏丹草的比叶面积、分蘖数、丙二醛含量影响差异不显著(P>0.05));施肥后,相对电导率随着施肥浓度的增加先降低后上升,施肥和刈割具有显著的交互作用,施肥对苏丹草的补偿生长主要表现在促进营养生长方面,但施肥对补偿生长的作用具有时滞性,施肥在短期内不能抵消刈割的负面影响,也不能增加刈割造成的补偿生长量。施肥和刈割条件下,苏丹草发生超补偿性生长是通过改变植株的生物量分配模式来实现的。施肥和刈割处理合理组合可获得更大产草量。
Taking Sorghum sudanense as the research object,the present study adopted cutting and fertilization to investigate its growth and physiological and biochemical changes and unveil the underlying reason of its compensatory growth in order to provide reference for introduction and widespread cultivation of Sorghum sudanense.The study results indicated cutting significantly affected the specific leaf area of Sorghum sudanense(P<0.05).Higher cutting frequency led to increasingly larger specific leaf area,significantly lower plant height,higher tiller number,apparently lower contents of proline and malondialdehyde within the plant,and higher compensation index.It suggested cutting promote the compensatory growth of Sorghum sudanense.Fertilization didn't affect the specific leaf area,tiller number and malondialdehyde content(P>0.05)of the plant.After fertilizer applied,relative conductance declined first and then increased with increasing fertilization concentration.Fertilization increased the plant height of Sorghum sudanense.Fertilization and cutting interacted with each other in an obvious way.Fertilization promoted the compensatory growth of Sorghum sudanense through vegetative growth,but its effect had a time lag.It neither neutralized the negative effect of cutting nor boosted the compensatory growth resulting from cutting in the short term.Under fertilization and cutting,Sorghum sudanense achieved over-compensatory growth by changing its biomass allocation performance.A reasonable combination of fertilization and cutting could produce higher yield.
Taking Sorghum sudanense as the research object,the present study adopted cutting and fertilization to investigate its growth and physiological and biochemical changes and unveil the underlying reason of its compensatory growth in order to provide reference for introduction and widespread cultivation of Sorghum sudanense.The study results indicated cutting significantly affected the specific leaf area of Sorghum sudanense(P<0.05).Higher cutting frequency led to increasingly larger specific leaf area,significantly lower plant height,higher tiller number,apparently lower contents of proline and malondialdehyde within the plant,and higher compensation index.It suggested cutting promote the compensatory growth of Sorghum sudanense.Fertilization didn't affect the specific leaf area,tiller number and malondialdehyde content(P>0.05)of the plant.After fertilizer applied,relative conductance declined first and then increased with increasing fertilization concentration.Fertilization increased the plant height of Sorghum sudanense.Fertilization and cutting interacted with each other in an obvious way.Fertilization promoted the compensatory growth of Sorghum sudanense through vegetative growth,but its effect had a time lag.It neither neutralized the negative effect of cutting nor boosted the compensatory growth resulting from cutting in the short term.Under fertilization and cutting,Sorghum sudanense achieved over-compensatory growth by changing its biomass allocation performance.A reasonable combination of fertilization and cutting could produce higher yield.
引文
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[24]易现峰.封育后矮嵩草草甸群落生长冗余及补偿的分析[J].草地学报,2000,8(1):37-40
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[28]王丽华,王金牛,干友民,等.不同刈割强度下草地群落、层片及物种的补偿性生长[J].草业学报,2015,24(6):35-42
[29]Belsky A J.Does herbivory benefit plants?A review of the evidence[J].American Naturalist,1986,127(6):870-892
[30]Maschinski J,Whitham T G.The continuum of plant responses to herbivory:the influence of plant association,nutrient availability and timing[J].American Naturalist,1989,134(1):12-19
[31]马银山,杜国祯,张世挺.施肥和刈割对冷地早熟禾补偿生长的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(2):279-287
[2]Hik D S,Jeffeies R L.Increases in the net above-ground primary production of a salt-marsh forage grass:a test of the predictions of the herbivore-optimization model[J].Journal of E-cology,1990,78(1):180-195
[3]Kllme L,KlimeováJ.The effects of mowing and fertilization on carbohydrate reserves and regrowth of grasses:do they promote plant coexistence in species[J].Evolutionary Ecology,2001,15(4):363-382
[4]Reich P B,Walters M B,Krause S C,et al.Growth,nutrition and gas exchange of Pinus resinosa following artificial defoliation[J].Trees-Structureand Function,1993,7(2):67-77
[5]Oesterheld M,McNaughton S J.Intraspecific variation in the response of themeda triandra to defoliation:The effect of time of recovery and growth rates on compensatory growth[J].Oecologia,1988,77(2):181-186
[6]Li B,Shibuya T,Yogo Y.Effects of ramet clipping and nutrient availability on growth and biomass allocation of yellow nutsedge[J].Ecological Research,2004,19(6):603-612
[7]Zhao W,Chen S P,Lin G H.Compensatory growth responses to clipping defoliation in Leymus chinensis(Poaceae)under nutrient addition and water deficiency conditions[J].Plant E-cology,2008,196(1):85-99
[8]张璐璐,周晓松,袁芙蓉,等.刈割、施肥和浇水对矮嵩草补偿生长的影响[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(6):641-652
[9]Keddy P,Twolan-Sstrutt L,Shipley B.Experimental evidence that interspecific competitive asymmetry in-creases with soil production[J].Oikos,1997,80(7):253-256
[10]田冠平,朱志红,李英年.刈割、施肥和浇水对垂穗披碱草补偿生长的影响[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(5):869-875
[11]朱志红,孙尚奇.高寒草甸矮生嵩草非结构碳水化合物的变化[J].植物学报,1996,38(11):895-901
[12]Hartemink N,Jongejans E,Kroon H D.Flexible life history responses to flower and rosette bud removal in three perennial herbs[J].Oikos,2004,105(1):159-167
[13]Yamauchi A,Yamamura N.Herbivory promotes plant production and reproduction in nutrient2poor conditions:effects of plant adaptive phenology[J].American Naturalist,2004,163:138-153
[14]徐玉鹏,武之新,赵忠祥.苏丹草的适应性及在我国农牧业生产中的发展前景[J].草业科学,2003,20(7):24-25
[15]张志良,瞿伟菁,李小方.植物生理指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2009:208-209
[16]王学奎.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2007:142-144
[17]王海洋,杜国祯,任金吉.种群密度与施肥对垂穗披碱草刈割后补偿作用的影响[J].植物生态学报,2003,27(4):477-483
[18]Huhta A P,Hellstrom K,Rautio P,et al.A test of the compensatory continuum:fertilization increases and belowground competition decreases the grazing tolerance of tall wormseed mustard(Erysim um strictum)[J].Evolutionary Ecology,2000,14(4):353-372
[19]McNaughton S J,BanNyikwa F F,McNaughtonm M M.Root biomass and productivity in a grazing ecosystem:the Serengeti[J].Ecology,1998,79(2):587-592
[20]方向文,王万鹏,何小琴,等.扰动环境中不同刈割方式对柠条营养生长补偿的影响[J].植物生态学报,2006,30(5):810-816
[21]杨永胜,卜崇峰,高国雄.平茬措施对柠条生理特征及土壤水分的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(4):1327-1336
[22]Fang X W,Wang X Z,Li H,et al.Responses of Caragana korshinskii to different aboveground partial shoot removal:Combining defence and tolerance strategies[J].Annals of Botany,2006,98(1):203-211
[23]戎郁萍,韩建国.华北农牧交错带人工草地放牧系统植物补偿性生长研究[J].草地学报,2005,13(1):62-66
[24]易现峰.封育后矮嵩草草甸群落生长冗余及补偿的分析[J].草地学报,2000,8(1):37-40
[25]Gedroc J J,McConnaughay K D M,Coleman J S.Plasticity in root/shoot partitioning:optimal,ontogenetic,or both?[J].Functional Ecology,1996,10(1):44-50
[26]Dong M,Kroon H D.Plasticity in morphology and biomass allocation in cynodon dactylon,agrass forming stolons and rhizomes[J].Oikos,1994,70(1):99-106
[27]Urbas P,Zobel K.Adaptive and inevitable morphological plasticity of three herbaceous species in a multi-species community:field experiment with manipulated nutrients and light[J].Acta Oecologica,2000,21(2):139-147
[28]王丽华,王金牛,干友民,等.不同刈割强度下草地群落、层片及物种的补偿性生长[J].草业学报,2015,24(6):35-42
[29]Belsky A J.Does herbivory benefit plants?A review of the evidence[J].American Naturalist,1986,127(6):870-892
[30]Maschinski J,Whitham T G.The continuum of plant responses to herbivory:the influence of plant association,nutrient availability and timing[J].American Naturalist,1989,134(1):12-19
[31]马银山,杜国祯,张世挺.施肥和刈割对冷地早熟禾补偿生长的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(2):279-287