龙门山断裂北川断裂带滑坡与构造活动关系研究
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摘要
北川断裂带位于龙门山中央断裂带中部,新、老滑坡较为发育,构造活动是影响区内滑坡发生的主导因素。采用文献记载、现场调研等方法,分析了构造对滑坡灾害的影响,结果表明:①构造横向挤压、不均匀抬升对地表岩体的完整性进行改造,使得不同构造部位、斜坡部位岩体存在结构差异,进而控制滑坡在空间上的发育规律,同时,细部构造结构面在空间上的产出关系构成了滑坡发生的初始边界条件;②作为构造活动的剧烈外部表现,地震动荷载直接诱发滑坡的同时造成斜坡岩体的松动;③"5·12"震后,区域构造应力方向发生近90°的偏转,进一步加剧了松动岩体的变形与破坏,震后应力偏转是影响区域斜坡稳定的最主要内动力因素。
The Beichuan fault zone is located in the middle part of the central Longmenshan fault zone,Sichuan,where the new and old landslides develop well and the tectonic activity is the dominant factor affecting landslides in the area. The influence of tectonic activity on landslide disaster is analyzed by means of documentary record,field investigation,etc. The results show that: ① The integrality of the surface rock mass was reformed by lateral compression and uneven elevation of the structure,which caused structural differences of the rock masses located at different structural positions or slopes and further controlled the spatial development law of landslide. At the same time,the spatial exposure relations of the detailed structural plane formed the initial boundary conditions for the occurrence of landslide. ② As a violent external representation of tectonic activity,seismic dynamic load induced landslide directly and loosed the rock mass at the same time. ③ After " 5. 12" earthquake,the direction of regional tectonic stress was nearly 90 degrees deflection,aggravating the deformation and failure of loosed rock mass. The post-earthquake stress deflection was the main internal dynamic factor affecting regional slope stability
The Beichuan fault zone is located in the middle part of the central Longmenshan fault zone,Sichuan,where the new and old landslides develop well and the tectonic activity is the dominant factor affecting landslides in the area. The influence of tectonic activity on landslide disaster is analyzed by means of documentary record,field investigation,etc. The results show that: ① The integrality of the surface rock mass was reformed by lateral compression and uneven elevation of the structure,which caused structural differences of the rock masses located at different structural positions or slopes and further controlled the spatial development law of landslide. At the same time,the spatial exposure relations of the detailed structural plane formed the initial boundary conditions for the occurrence of landslide. ② As a violent external representation of tectonic activity,seismic dynamic load induced landslide directly and loosed the rock mass at the same time. ③ After " 5. 12" earthquake,the direction of regional tectonic stress was nearly 90 degrees deflection,aggravating the deformation and failure of loosed rock mass. The post-earthquake stress deflection was the main internal dynamic factor affecting regional slope stability
引文
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[19]黄润秋.汶川地震地质灾害后效应分析[J].工程地质学报,2011,19(2):145-151.
[20]徐纪人,赵志新,石川有三.中国大陆地壳应力场与构造运动区域特征研究[J].地球物理学报,2008(51):770-781.
[2]Xu C,Dai F C,Yao X.Incidence number and affected area of Wenchuan Earthquake induced landslides[J].Review of Science of Technology,2009,27(11):79-81.
[3]Ouimet W B.Landslide associated with the May 12,2008 Whenchuan earthquake:Implications for the erosion and tectonic evolution of the Longmenshan[J].Tectonophysics,2010(491):244-252.
[4]王兰生,李天斌,赵其华.浅生时效构造与人类工程[M].北京:地质出版社,1994.
[5]黄润秋,李为乐.5·12汶川大地震触发地质灾害的发育规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(12):2585-2592.
[6]许强.汶川地震诱发大型滑坡分布规律研究[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(6):818-825.
[7]黄润秋.汶川8.0级地震触发崩滑灾害机制及其地质力学模式[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,28(6),1239-1250.
[8]许强,陈建君.斜坡地震响应的物理模拟试验研究[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2009,41(3):266-272.
[9]赵纪生,魏景芝.汶川8.0级地震滑坡、崩塌机制[J].震灾防御技术,2008,3(4):379-383.
[10]朱守彪.地震滑坡的动力学机制[J].中国科学:地球科学,2013,43(7):1096-1105.
[11]程谦恭,王玉峰,朱圻,等.高速远程滑坡超前冲击气浪动力学机制[J].山地学报,2011,29(1):70-80.
[12]张明,殷跃平,吴树仁,等.高速远程滑坡-碎屑流运动机制研究发展现状与展望[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(6):805-817.
[13]罗文行.地震地表破裂成因分析[J].人民长江,2015,46(15):69-74.
[14]张永双,郭长宝.青藏高原东缘活动断裂地质灾害效应研究[J].地球学报,2016,37(3):277-286.
[15]郭长宝,孟庆伟,张永双,等.断裂构造对斜坡应力场影响的数值模拟及成灾机理研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2012,32(5):592-599.
[16]杨主恩,邓志辉,马文涛,等.汶川8级强震极震区破坏情况与烈度[J].地震地质,2008,30(2):349-354.
[17]安其美,丁立丰.龙门山断裂带的性质与活动性研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2004,24(2):115-119.
[18]四川省国土资源厅.汶川地震震后地质灾害排查表[R].成都:四川省国土资源厅,2008.
[19]黄润秋.汶川地震地质灾害后效应分析[J].工程地质学报,2011,19(2):145-151.
[20]徐纪人,赵志新,石川有三.中国大陆地壳应力场与构造运动区域特征研究[J].地球物理学报,2008(51):770-781.