黄土区蔡家川流域刺槐人工林林下物种多样性
|
摘要
为了给晋西黄土区蔡家川流域刺槐Robinia pseudocacia人工林恢复状况评价以及植被配置提供理论依据,采用样地调查的方法,选取刺槐人工林为研究对象,对照当地油松Pinus tabulaeformis人工林和天然次生林,进行林下物种多样性研究。结果表明:(1)刺槐人工林林下物种共有37种,包括灌木8种,草本29种,灌木层以蔷薇科Rosaceae植物为主,草本层以菊科Compositae和禾本科Gramineae植物为主。(2)刺槐人工林林下α多样性小于天然次生林,与油松人工林之间的差异较小。(3)刺槐人工林林下草本层β多样性指数大于灌木层;刺槐林与天然林的β多样性大于刺槐林与油松林的。(4)刺槐人工林林下植被相似度不高,不同刺槐林样地之间物种种类存在较大的差异,尤其是草本层。晋西黄土区蔡家川流域刺槐人工林林下植被仍具有较大的生长繁殖空间,物种多样性还有待提高。
To provide a theoretical basis for evaluating t he restoration and vegetative allocation of a Robinia pseudoacacia plantation in the Caijiachuan Watershed on the Loess Plateau of western Shanxi Province, this research used the sample survey method to study species diversity of an understory. A R. pseudoacacia plantation was selected as the research object and compared to a Pinus tabulaeformis plantation and a natural secondary forest. This study used Shannon-Wiener index(H′), Simpson index(D) and Pielou evenness index(E)to determine the community α diversity. The β diversity of the community was determined by Whittaker index(βW), Cody index(βC), Routledge index(βR), and the similarity of the community was determined by Jaccard index(q). Results showed(1) 37 understory species in the R. pseudoacacia plantation including 8 shrubs and29 herbs. Rosaceae was the main contributor to the shrub layer with Compositae and Gramineae the main plants of the herb layer.(2) The α diversity of shrub layer is R. pseudoacacia plantationthe β diversity index of shrub layer.(4)Among different sample plots of the R. pseudoacacia plantation, the shrub layer showed "medium dissimilarity"accounted for 49.52% of the total and "very similar" accounted for 1.90% of the total, the herb layer was "very similar" accounted for 66.67% of the total, "very similar" accounted for 0.95%, so there was a large difference in R. pseudoacacia plantation, especially in the herb layer. Overall, understory vegetation in the R. pseudoacacia plantation of the Caijiachuan Watershed on the Loess Plateau of western Shanxi Province still had areas for introducing new understory species to help improve species diversity.
To provide a theoretical basis for evaluating t he restoration and vegetative allocation of a Robinia pseudoacacia plantation in the Caijiachuan Watershed on the Loess Plateau of western Shanxi Province, this research used the sample survey method to study species diversity of an understory. A R. pseudoacacia plantation was selected as the research object and compared to a Pinus tabulaeformis plantation and a natural secondary forest. This study used Shannon-Wiener index(H′), Simpson index(D) and Pielou evenness index(E)to determine the community α diversity. The β diversity of the community was determined by Whittaker index(βW), Cody index(βC), Routledge index(βR), and the similarity of the community was determined by Jaccard index(q). Results showed(1) 37 understory species in the R. pseudoacacia plantation including 8 shrubs and29 herbs. Rosaceae was the main contributor to the shrub layer with Compositae and Gramineae the main plants of the herb layer.(2) The α diversity of shrub layer is R. pseudoacacia plantation
引文
[1]张长庆,张文辉.黄土高原不同立地条件下刺槐人工林种群的无性繁殖与更新[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2009,37(1):135-144.ZHANG Changqing,ZHANG Wenhui.A study on asexual reproduction and regeneration of Robinia pseudoacacia plantations in different habitats in hilly area of the Loess Plateau[J].J Northwest A&F Univ Nat Sci Ed,2009,37(1):135-144.
[2]王希才,王延玲.药乡林场刺槐林的演替研究[J].河南林业科技,1996,16(3):22-24.WANG Xicai,WANG Yanling.Study on succession of Robinia pseudoacacia forest in Yaoxiang Forest Farm[J].J Henan For Sci Technol,1996,16(3):22-24.
[3]刘增文,李雅素.刺槐人工林养分利用效率[J].生态学报,2003,23(3):444-449.LIU Zengwen,LI Yasu.A study on the efficiency of nutrient utilization in black locust plantation[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2003,23(3):444-449.
[4]FU Bojie,LIU Yu,L譈Yihe,et al.Assessing the soil erosion control service of ecosystems change in the Loess Plateau of China[J].Ecol Complex,2011,8(4):284-293.
[5]MORI A,TAKEDA H.Effects of undisturbed canopy structure on population structure and species coexistence of an old-growth subalpine forest in central Japan[J].For Ecol Manage,2004,200(1/3):89-100.
[6]TAYLOR A H,JIANG Shiwei,ZHAO Lianjun,et al.Regeneration patterens and tree species coexistence in old-growth Abies-Picea forests in southwestern China[J].For Ecol Manage,2006,223(1):303-317.
[7]张晶晶,赵忠,宋西德,等.渭北黄土高原人工刺槐林植物多样性动态[J].西北植物学报,2010,30(12):2490-2496.ZHANG Jingjing,ZHAO Zhong,SONG Xide,et al.Biodiversity dynamics of artificial Robinia pseudoacacia forest in Weibei Loess Plateau[J].Acta Bot Boreal-Occident Sin,2010,30(12):2490-2496.
[8]刘建利,李凯荣,易亮,等.黄土高原丘陵区人工刺槐林林分结构及林下植物多样性研究[J].水土保持通报,2008,28(3):49-52,70.LIU Jianli,LI Kairong,YI Liang,et al.Structure of Robinia pseudoacacia plantation and undergrowth plant diversity in the hilly area of the Loess Plateau[J].Bull Soil Water Conserv,2008,28(3):49-52,70.
[9]杨帆,潘成忠,鞠洪秀.晋西黄土丘陵区不同土地利用类型对土壤碳氮储量的影响[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(4):318-324.YANG Fan,PAN Chengzhong,JU Hongxiu.Effects of different land use types on storage of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in western Shanxi hilly Loess Plateau region[J].Res Soil Water Conserv,2016,23(4):318-324.
[10]徐舟,查同刚,张志强,等.晋西黄土区蔡家川流域不同退耕林地的物种多样性研究[J].广东农业科学,2014(17):170-175.XU Zhou,ZHA Tonggang,ZHANG Zhiqiang,et al.Species diversities of vegetation communities of abandoned croplands in western Shanxi of the Loess Plateau[J].Guangdong Agric Sci,2014(17):170-175.
[11]张金屯.数量生态学[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.
[12]毕润成.山西霍山山核桃群落生态特征及其区系分析[J].应用生态学报,1999,10(6):650-656.BI Runcheng.Ecological feature and floral analysis of Juglans mandshurica community in Huoshan Mountain of Shanxi Province[J].Chin J Appl Ecol,1999,10(6):650-656.
[13]高艳鹏,赵廷宁,骆汉.晋西黄土丘陵沟壑区人工林下草本植物生物多样性研究[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(1):103-108.GAO Yanpeng,ZHAO Tingning,LUO Han.Biodiversity of herbaceous species under artificial forests in hill and gully region of western Shanxi Province[J].Bull Soil Water Conserv,2011,31(1):103-108.
[14]卢宝明,邢韶华,崔国发,等.北京山地植物群落的物种多样性比较[J].北京林业大学学报,2010,32(增刊1):36-44.LU Baoming,XING Shaohua,CUI Guofa,et al.Comparison of species diversity of plant communities in mountains of Beijing[J].J Beijing For Univ,2010,32(suppl 1):36-44.
[15]胡相明,程积民,万惠娥.黄土丘陵区人工林下草本层植物的结构特征[J].水土保持通报,2006,26(3):41-45.HU Xiangming,CHENG Jimin,WAN Huie.Structure characteristics of herbages under five types of artificial forest plantations in loess hilly region[J].Bull Soil Water Conserv,2006,26(3):41-45.
[16]张桐,王玉杰,王云琦,等.晋西黄土区不同森林群落类型植物多样性研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2015,37(11):82-88.ZHANG Tong,WANG Yujie,WANG Yunqi,et al.Plant diversity in various forest community types in the Loess Plateau of western Shanxi Province,northern China[J].J Beijing For Univ,2015,37(11):82-88.
[17]杨晓毅,李凯荣,李苗,等.陕西省淳化县人工刺槐林林分结构及林下植物多样性研究[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(3):194-201.YANG Xiaoyi,LI Kairong,LI Miao,et al.Forest structure and diversity of Robinia pseudoacacia L.plantations in Chunhua County of Shaanxi Province[J].J Soil Water Conserv,2011,31(3):194-201.
[18]蔡道雄,卢立华,贾宏炎,等.封山育林对杉木人工林林下植被物种多样性恢复的影响[J].林业科学研究,2007,20(3):319-327.CAI Daoxiong,LU Lihua,JIA Hongyan,et al.The influences of closing for afforestation on vegetation diversity restoration under Chinese fir plantation[J].For Res,2007,20(3):319-327.
[19]李裕元,邵明安.子午岭植被自然恢复过程中植物多样性的变化[J].生态学报,2004,24(2):252-260.LI Yuyuan,SHAO Ming’an.The change of plant diversity during natural recovery process of vegetation in Ziwuling area[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2004,24(2):252-260.
[20]陈利云,王弋博.麦积山草地植物群落物种多样性及结构相似性特征[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(1):148-152.CHEN Liyun,WANG Yibo.Species diversity,community structure similarity of the grassland communities,Maiji mountain[J].J Arid Land Resour Environ,2014,28(1):148-152.
[21]王健敏,刘娟,陈晓鸣,等.云南松天然林及人工林群落结构和物种多样性比较[J].林业科学研究,2010,23(4):515-522.WANG Jianmin,LIU Juan,CHEN Xiaoming,et al.Comparison of community structures and species diversity in natural forests and forest plantation of Pinus yunnanensis[J].For Res,2010,23(4):515-522.
[22]王力,邵明安,王全九,等.黄土高原子午岭天然林与刺槐人工林地土壤干化状况对比[J].西北植物学报,2005,25(7):1279-1286.WANG Li,SHAO Ming’an,WANG Quanjiu,et al.Comparison of soil desiccations in natural and Acacia forests in the Ziwuling mountain of the Loess Plateau[J].Acta Bot Boreal-Occident Sin,2005,25(7):1279-1286.
[23]闫东锋,朱滢,杨喜田.宝天曼栎类天然林物种多样性与稳定性[J].浙江农林大学学报,2011,28(4):628-633.YAN Dongfeng,ZHU Ying,YANG Xitian.Species diversity and stability of a natural Quercus forest in Baotianman,Henan Province[J].J Zhejiang A&F Univ,2011,28(4):628-633.
[24]沈蕊,张建利,何彪,等.元江流域干热河谷草地植物群落结构特征与相似性分析[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(12):2821-2825.SHEN Rui,ZHANG Jianli,HE Biao,et al.The structure characteristic and analysis on similarity of grassland community in dry-hot valley of Yuanjiang River[J].Ecol Environ Sci,2010,19(12):2821-2825.
[25]王仙,魏天兴,朱金兆,等.黄土丘陵区油松根系化感效应研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2015,37(4):82-89.WANG Xian,WEI Tianxing,ZHU Jinzhao,et al.Allelopathic effect of Pinus tabuliformis root in loess hilly area[J].J Beijing For Univ,2015,37(4):82-89.
[26]刘海燕,魏天兴,王仙.黄土丘陵区人工林土壤微生物PLFA标记多样性分析[J].北京林业大学学报,2016,38(1):28-35.LIU Haiyan,WEI Tianxing,WANG Xian.Soil microbial community structure and functional diversity in typical plantations marked by PLFA in hilly loess region[J].J Beijing For Univ,2016,38(1):28-35.
[2]王希才,王延玲.药乡林场刺槐林的演替研究[J].河南林业科技,1996,16(3):22-24.WANG Xicai,WANG Yanling.Study on succession of Robinia pseudoacacia forest in Yaoxiang Forest Farm[J].J Henan For Sci Technol,1996,16(3):22-24.
[3]刘增文,李雅素.刺槐人工林养分利用效率[J].生态学报,2003,23(3):444-449.LIU Zengwen,LI Yasu.A study on the efficiency of nutrient utilization in black locust plantation[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2003,23(3):444-449.
[4]FU Bojie,LIU Yu,L譈Yihe,et al.Assessing the soil erosion control service of ecosystems change in the Loess Plateau of China[J].Ecol Complex,2011,8(4):284-293.
[5]MORI A,TAKEDA H.Effects of undisturbed canopy structure on population structure and species coexistence of an old-growth subalpine forest in central Japan[J].For Ecol Manage,2004,200(1/3):89-100.
[6]TAYLOR A H,JIANG Shiwei,ZHAO Lianjun,et al.Regeneration patterens and tree species coexistence in old-growth Abies-Picea forests in southwestern China[J].For Ecol Manage,2006,223(1):303-317.
[7]张晶晶,赵忠,宋西德,等.渭北黄土高原人工刺槐林植物多样性动态[J].西北植物学报,2010,30(12):2490-2496.ZHANG Jingjing,ZHAO Zhong,SONG Xide,et al.Biodiversity dynamics of artificial Robinia pseudoacacia forest in Weibei Loess Plateau[J].Acta Bot Boreal-Occident Sin,2010,30(12):2490-2496.
[8]刘建利,李凯荣,易亮,等.黄土高原丘陵区人工刺槐林林分结构及林下植物多样性研究[J].水土保持通报,2008,28(3):49-52,70.LIU Jianli,LI Kairong,YI Liang,et al.Structure of Robinia pseudoacacia plantation and undergrowth plant diversity in the hilly area of the Loess Plateau[J].Bull Soil Water Conserv,2008,28(3):49-52,70.
[9]杨帆,潘成忠,鞠洪秀.晋西黄土丘陵区不同土地利用类型对土壤碳氮储量的影响[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(4):318-324.YANG Fan,PAN Chengzhong,JU Hongxiu.Effects of different land use types on storage of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in western Shanxi hilly Loess Plateau region[J].Res Soil Water Conserv,2016,23(4):318-324.
[10]徐舟,查同刚,张志强,等.晋西黄土区蔡家川流域不同退耕林地的物种多样性研究[J].广东农业科学,2014(17):170-175.XU Zhou,ZHA Tonggang,ZHANG Zhiqiang,et al.Species diversities of vegetation communities of abandoned croplands in western Shanxi of the Loess Plateau[J].Guangdong Agric Sci,2014(17):170-175.
[11]张金屯.数量生态学[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.
[12]毕润成.山西霍山山核桃群落生态特征及其区系分析[J].应用生态学报,1999,10(6):650-656.BI Runcheng.Ecological feature and floral analysis of Juglans mandshurica community in Huoshan Mountain of Shanxi Province[J].Chin J Appl Ecol,1999,10(6):650-656.
[13]高艳鹏,赵廷宁,骆汉.晋西黄土丘陵沟壑区人工林下草本植物生物多样性研究[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(1):103-108.GAO Yanpeng,ZHAO Tingning,LUO Han.Biodiversity of herbaceous species under artificial forests in hill and gully region of western Shanxi Province[J].Bull Soil Water Conserv,2011,31(1):103-108.
[14]卢宝明,邢韶华,崔国发,等.北京山地植物群落的物种多样性比较[J].北京林业大学学报,2010,32(增刊1):36-44.LU Baoming,XING Shaohua,CUI Guofa,et al.Comparison of species diversity of plant communities in mountains of Beijing[J].J Beijing For Univ,2010,32(suppl 1):36-44.
[15]胡相明,程积民,万惠娥.黄土丘陵区人工林下草本层植物的结构特征[J].水土保持通报,2006,26(3):41-45.HU Xiangming,CHENG Jimin,WAN Huie.Structure characteristics of herbages under five types of artificial forest plantations in loess hilly region[J].Bull Soil Water Conserv,2006,26(3):41-45.
[16]张桐,王玉杰,王云琦,等.晋西黄土区不同森林群落类型植物多样性研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2015,37(11):82-88.ZHANG Tong,WANG Yujie,WANG Yunqi,et al.Plant diversity in various forest community types in the Loess Plateau of western Shanxi Province,northern China[J].J Beijing For Univ,2015,37(11):82-88.
[17]杨晓毅,李凯荣,李苗,等.陕西省淳化县人工刺槐林林分结构及林下植物多样性研究[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(3):194-201.YANG Xiaoyi,LI Kairong,LI Miao,et al.Forest structure and diversity of Robinia pseudoacacia L.plantations in Chunhua County of Shaanxi Province[J].J Soil Water Conserv,2011,31(3):194-201.
[18]蔡道雄,卢立华,贾宏炎,等.封山育林对杉木人工林林下植被物种多样性恢复的影响[J].林业科学研究,2007,20(3):319-327.CAI Daoxiong,LU Lihua,JIA Hongyan,et al.The influences of closing for afforestation on vegetation diversity restoration under Chinese fir plantation[J].For Res,2007,20(3):319-327.
[19]李裕元,邵明安.子午岭植被自然恢复过程中植物多样性的变化[J].生态学报,2004,24(2):252-260.LI Yuyuan,SHAO Ming’an.The change of plant diversity during natural recovery process of vegetation in Ziwuling area[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2004,24(2):252-260.
[20]陈利云,王弋博.麦积山草地植物群落物种多样性及结构相似性特征[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(1):148-152.CHEN Liyun,WANG Yibo.Species diversity,community structure similarity of the grassland communities,Maiji mountain[J].J Arid Land Resour Environ,2014,28(1):148-152.
[21]王健敏,刘娟,陈晓鸣,等.云南松天然林及人工林群落结构和物种多样性比较[J].林业科学研究,2010,23(4):515-522.WANG Jianmin,LIU Juan,CHEN Xiaoming,et al.Comparison of community structures and species diversity in natural forests and forest plantation of Pinus yunnanensis[J].For Res,2010,23(4):515-522.
[22]王力,邵明安,王全九,等.黄土高原子午岭天然林与刺槐人工林地土壤干化状况对比[J].西北植物学报,2005,25(7):1279-1286.WANG Li,SHAO Ming’an,WANG Quanjiu,et al.Comparison of soil desiccations in natural and Acacia forests in the Ziwuling mountain of the Loess Plateau[J].Acta Bot Boreal-Occident Sin,2005,25(7):1279-1286.
[23]闫东锋,朱滢,杨喜田.宝天曼栎类天然林物种多样性与稳定性[J].浙江农林大学学报,2011,28(4):628-633.YAN Dongfeng,ZHU Ying,YANG Xitian.Species diversity and stability of a natural Quercus forest in Baotianman,Henan Province[J].J Zhejiang A&F Univ,2011,28(4):628-633.
[24]沈蕊,张建利,何彪,等.元江流域干热河谷草地植物群落结构特征与相似性分析[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(12):2821-2825.SHEN Rui,ZHANG Jianli,HE Biao,et al.The structure characteristic and analysis on similarity of grassland community in dry-hot valley of Yuanjiang River[J].Ecol Environ Sci,2010,19(12):2821-2825.
[25]王仙,魏天兴,朱金兆,等.黄土丘陵区油松根系化感效应研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2015,37(4):82-89.WANG Xian,WEI Tianxing,ZHU Jinzhao,et al.Allelopathic effect of Pinus tabuliformis root in loess hilly area[J].J Beijing For Univ,2015,37(4):82-89.
[26]刘海燕,魏天兴,王仙.黄土丘陵区人工林土壤微生物PLFA标记多样性分析[J].北京林业大学学报,2016,38(1):28-35.LIU Haiyan,WEI Tianxing,WANG Xian.Soil microbial community structure and functional diversity in typical plantations marked by PLFA in hilly loess region[J].J Beijing For Univ,2016,38(1):28-35.