外源有机物配合化肥减施对水稻产量及镉吸收的影响
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摘要
为筛选合适的土壤镉(Cd)钝化材料,利用桶栽试验研究多种有机物(骨粉、鱼粉、虾壳粉)及其碳化产物配合化肥减施对水稻产量及Cd吸收的影响。结果表明,与不添加有机物的常规施肥处理(CK)相比,仅鱼粉、碳化鱼粉和碳化虾壳粉处理显著降低了糙米产量。除虾壳粉处理外,其他处理糙米对Cd的生物富集系数均低于CK,其中,骨粉搭配不施磷措施是降低水稻对Cd吸收的最佳措施,其秸秆、谷壳、糙米对Cd的生物富集系数仅为CK的29.14%、13.87%、47.07%。不同形态Cd含量所占比例与水稻对Cd的生物富集系数的相关性分析表明,可交换态、碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化物结合态3种形态Cd的生物利用度较高,且骨粉、碳化骨粉处理土壤中残渣态Cd含量占Cd总量比例明显高于其他处理,分别为53.24%、40.30%,分别是CK的2.26、1.71倍。骨粉能在不施磷的条件下保持糙米产量与CK接近,同时大幅减少水稻对Cd的吸收,是一种良好的有机钝化材料。
In order to screen the passivation materials of cadmium(Cd) in soil,the effect of various organic materials(bone meal,fish meal and shrimp shell meal) and their carbonized products combined with reduction of chemical fertilizer on the rice yield and uptake of Cd was studied with bucket experiment.The results showed that the fish meal,carbonated fish meal and carbonized shrimp shell meal significantly reduced the brown rice yield compared with the control treatment(CK)without organic material.Bioconcentration factor(BCF)of Cd in brown rice of all treatments was lower than that of CK,except the shrimp shell meal treatment.Among them,the treatment with bone meal and without phosphorus was the best measure to reduce Cd uptake by rice,and the BCFs of Cd in straw,hull and brown rice were only 29.14%,13.87% and 47.07% of CK,respectively.The analysis of correlation between the proportion of different forms of Cd and BCF showed that the bioavailability of exchangeable Cd,carbonate bounded Cd and iron and manganese oxide bounded Cd was higher.The proportion of residual Cd in total Cd of bone meal and carbonized bone meal treatments was significantly higher than that of other treatments,accounting for 53.24% and 40.30%,respectively,which were 2.26 and 1.71 times of CK.Overall,the bone meal could decrease largely the content of Cd in rice plant,and keep the yield of brown rice close to CK under the condition without phosphorus,which was an excellent passivator for Cd.
In order to screen the passivation materials of cadmium(Cd) in soil,the effect of various organic materials(bone meal,fish meal and shrimp shell meal) and their carbonized products combined with reduction of chemical fertilizer on the rice yield and uptake of Cd was studied with bucket experiment.The results showed that the fish meal,carbonated fish meal and carbonized shrimp shell meal significantly reduced the brown rice yield compared with the control treatment(CK)without organic material.Bioconcentration factor(BCF)of Cd in brown rice of all treatments was lower than that of CK,except the shrimp shell meal treatment.Among them,the treatment with bone meal and without phosphorus was the best measure to reduce Cd uptake by rice,and the BCFs of Cd in straw,hull and brown rice were only 29.14%,13.87% and 47.07% of CK,respectively.The analysis of correlation between the proportion of different forms of Cd and BCF showed that the bioavailability of exchangeable Cd,carbonate bounded Cd and iron and manganese oxide bounded Cd was higher.The proportion of residual Cd in total Cd of bone meal and carbonized bone meal treatments was significantly higher than that of other treatments,accounting for 53.24% and 40.30%,respectively,which were 2.26 and 1.71 times of CK.Overall,the bone meal could decrease largely the content of Cd in rice plant,and keep the yield of brown rice close to CK under the condition without phosphorus,which was an excellent passivator for Cd.
引文
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[13] 林爱军,张旭红,苏玉红,等.骨炭修复重金属污染土壤和降低基因毒性的研究[J].环境科学,2007,28(2):232-237.
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[23] TANAKA K,FUJIMAKI S,FUJIWARA T,et al.Quantitative estimation of the contribution of the phloem in cadmium transport to grains in rice plants (Oryza sativa L.)[J].Soil Science & Plant Nutrition,2007,53(1):72-77.
[24] 刘敏超,李花粉,夏立江,等.根表铁锰氧化物胶膜对不同品种水稻吸镉的影响[J].生态学报,2001,21(4):598-602.
[25] 肖美秀,林文雄,陈祥旭,等.镉在水稻体内的分配规律与水稻镉耐性的关系[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(2):379-381.
[26] 王阳,刘恩玲,王奇赞,等.紫云英还田对水稻镉和铅吸收积累的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(2):189-193.
[27] 吴浩杰,周兴,鲁艳红,等.紫云英翻压对稻田土壤镉有效性及水稻镉积累的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(16):105-111.
[28] 江巧君,周琴,韩亮亮,等.有机肥对镉胁迫下不同基因型水稻镉吸收和分配的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(1):9-14.
[29] 李志涛,王夏晖,赵玉杰,等.南方典型区域水稻镉富集系数差异影响因素探析[J].环境科学与技术,2017,40(10):1-7.
[30] 宋文恩,陈世宝,唐杰伟.稻田生态系统中镉污染及环境风险管理[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(9):1669-1678.
[31] 沈欣,朱奇宏,朱捍华,等.农艺调控措施对水稻镉积累的影响及其机理研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(8):1449-1454.
[32] YONEYAMA T,GOSHO T,KATO M,et al.Xylem and phloem transport of Cd,Zn and Fe into the grains of rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) grown in continuously flooded Cd-contaminated soil[J].Soil Science & Plant Nutrition,2010,56(3):445-453.
[33] 丁昌璞,CECCANTI B.土壤中水溶性有机物质的数量、性质及其变化[J].土壤学报,1987,24(3):210-217.
[34] WALIDBEN A,NOUREDDINE G,ABDELBASSET L,et al.Effects of 5-year application of municipal solid waste compost on the distribution and mobility of heavy metals in a Tunisian calcareous soil[J].Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment,2009,130(3):156-163.
[35] 刘宛茹,张磊,杨惟薇,等.外源有机酸对红蛋植物吸收和转运镉的影响[J].土壤通报,2014,45(1):205-209.
[36] LI P,WANG X,ZHANG T,et al.Effects of several amendments on rice growth and uptake of copper and cadmium from a contaminated soil[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2008,20(4):449-455.
[37] 徐轶群,王振兴,李莎莎,等.外源水溶性有机物对生菜积累重金属Pb、Cd的影响[J].环境工程,2016,34(8):125-129.
[38] PING L,XINGXIANG W,TAOLIN Z,et al.Effects of several amendments on rice growth and uptake of copper and cadmium from a contaminated soil[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2008,20(4):449-455.
[39] 宋波,曾炜铨.土壤有机质对镉污染土壤修复的影响[J].土壤通报,2015,46(4):1018-1024.
[40] 于志军,李天铎,刘耘.骨粉中磷、钙含量的测定[J].化学分析计量,2001,10(4):10-11.
[41] UCHIMIYA M,CHANG S,KLASSON K T.Screeningbiochars for heavy metal retention in soil:Role of oxygen functional groups[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,190(1/2/3):432-441.
[42] AHMAD M,OK Y S,RAJAPAKSHA A U,et al.Lead and copper immobilization in a shooting range soil using soybean stover- and pine needle-derived biochars:Chemical,microbial and spectroscopic assessments[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2016,301:179-186.
[43] 高心,何钟勤,王成坤,等.骨缺损修复材料煅烧牛骨粉的理化特性[J].吉林大学学报(医学版),2009,35(1):138-141.
[44] 董爱琴,谢杰,刘佳,等.土壤重金属钝化材料生物炭的研究进展[J].环境污染与防治,2017,39(3):319-325.
[2] 詹杰,魏树和,牛荣成.我国稻田土壤镉污染现状及安全生产新措施[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(7):1257-1263.
[3] KUMPIENE J,LAGERKVIST A,MAURICE C.Stabilization of As,Cr,Cu,Pb and Zn in soil using amendments:A review[J].Waste Management,2008,28(1):215-225.
[4] 张大庚,依艳丽,李亮亮,等.水分和有机物料对土壤锌-镉形态及化学性质的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2006,25(4):939-944.
[5] 陈世俭.有机物质添加量对污染土壤铜形态及活性的影响[J].土壤与环境,1999,8(1):22-25.
[6] SAHU S,BANERJEE D K.Complexationproperties of typical soil and peat humic acids with copper(Ⅱ) and cadmium(Ⅱ)[J].International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry,1990,42(1/2/3/4):35-44.
[7] 李剑睿,徐应明,林大松,等.农田重金属污染原位钝化修复研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(4):721-728.
[8] 王晶,张旭东,李彬,等.腐殖酸对土壤中Cd形态的影响及利用研究[J].土壤通报,2002,33(3):185-187.
[9] 王果,李建超,杨佩玉,等.有机物料影响下土壤溶液中镉形态及其有效性研究[J].环境科学学报,2000,20(5):621-626.
[10] LI J X,YANG X E,HE Z L,et al.Fractionation of lead in paddy soils and its bioavailability to rice plants[J].Geoderma,2007,141(3):174-180.
[11] 易卿,胡学玉,柯跃进,等.不同生物质黑碳对土壤中外源镉(Cd)有效性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(1):88-94.
[12] 孙文博,莫创荣,安鸿雪,等.施用蔗渣对土壤镉赋存形态和生物有效性的影响研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(9):1793-1799.
[13] 林爱军,张旭红,苏玉红,等.骨炭修复重金属污染土壤和降低基因毒性的研究[J].环境科学,2007,28(2):232-237.
[14] TESSIER A,CAMPBELL P G C,BISSON M.Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals[J].Analytical Chemistry,1979,51(7):844-851.
[15] 国家环境保护局,国家技术监督局.土壤质量铅、镉的测定石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法:GB/T 17141—1997[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1997:2.
[16] 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.食品安全国家标准食品中镉的测定:GB 5009.15—2014[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2015:2-3.
[17] 赵步洪,张洪熙,奚岭林,等.杂交水稻不同器官镉浓度与累积量[J].中国水稻科学,2006,20(3):306-312.
[18] URAGUCHI S,FUJIWARA T.Cadmium transport and tolerance in rice:Perspectives for reducing grain cadmium accumulation[J].Rice,2012,5(1):5.
[19] 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会,国家食品药品监督管理总局.食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量:GB 2762—2017 [S].北京:中国标准出版社,2017.
[20] 方如康.环境学词典[M].北京:北京科学出版社,2003:127-128.
[21] 廖启林,刘聪,蔡玉曼,等.江苏典型地区水稻与小麦字实中元素生物富集系数(BCF)初步研究[J].中国地质,2013,40(1):331-340.
[22] KATO M,ISHIKAWA S,INAGAKI K,et al.Possible chemical forms of cadmium and varietal differences in cadmium concentrations in the phloem sap of rice plants (Oryza sativa L.)[J].Soil Science & Plant Nutrition,2010,56(6):839-847.
[23] TANAKA K,FUJIMAKI S,FUJIWARA T,et al.Quantitative estimation of the contribution of the phloem in cadmium transport to grains in rice plants (Oryza sativa L.)[J].Soil Science & Plant Nutrition,2007,53(1):72-77.
[24] 刘敏超,李花粉,夏立江,等.根表铁锰氧化物胶膜对不同品种水稻吸镉的影响[J].生态学报,2001,21(4):598-602.
[25] 肖美秀,林文雄,陈祥旭,等.镉在水稻体内的分配规律与水稻镉耐性的关系[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(2):379-381.
[26] 王阳,刘恩玲,王奇赞,等.紫云英还田对水稻镉和铅吸收积累的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(2):189-193.
[27] 吴浩杰,周兴,鲁艳红,等.紫云英翻压对稻田土壤镉有效性及水稻镉积累的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(16):105-111.
[28] 江巧君,周琴,韩亮亮,等.有机肥对镉胁迫下不同基因型水稻镉吸收和分配的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(1):9-14.
[29] 李志涛,王夏晖,赵玉杰,等.南方典型区域水稻镉富集系数差异影响因素探析[J].环境科学与技术,2017,40(10):1-7.
[30] 宋文恩,陈世宝,唐杰伟.稻田生态系统中镉污染及环境风险管理[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(9):1669-1678.
[31] 沈欣,朱奇宏,朱捍华,等.农艺调控措施对水稻镉积累的影响及其机理研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(8):1449-1454.
[32] YONEYAMA T,GOSHO T,KATO M,et al.Xylem and phloem transport of Cd,Zn and Fe into the grains of rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) grown in continuously flooded Cd-contaminated soil[J].Soil Science & Plant Nutrition,2010,56(3):445-453.
[33] 丁昌璞,CECCANTI B.土壤中水溶性有机物质的数量、性质及其变化[J].土壤学报,1987,24(3):210-217.
[34] WALIDBEN A,NOUREDDINE G,ABDELBASSET L,et al.Effects of 5-year application of municipal solid waste compost on the distribution and mobility of heavy metals in a Tunisian calcareous soil[J].Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment,2009,130(3):156-163.
[35] 刘宛茹,张磊,杨惟薇,等.外源有机酸对红蛋植物吸收和转运镉的影响[J].土壤通报,2014,45(1):205-209.
[36] LI P,WANG X,ZHANG T,et al.Effects of several amendments on rice growth and uptake of copper and cadmium from a contaminated soil[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2008,20(4):449-455.
[37] 徐轶群,王振兴,李莎莎,等.外源水溶性有机物对生菜积累重金属Pb、Cd的影响[J].环境工程,2016,34(8):125-129.
[38] PING L,XINGXIANG W,TAOLIN Z,et al.Effects of several amendments on rice growth and uptake of copper and cadmium from a contaminated soil[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2008,20(4):449-455.
[39] 宋波,曾炜铨.土壤有机质对镉污染土壤修复的影响[J].土壤通报,2015,46(4):1018-1024.
[40] 于志军,李天铎,刘耘.骨粉中磷、钙含量的测定[J].化学分析计量,2001,10(4):10-11.
[41] UCHIMIYA M,CHANG S,KLASSON K T.Screeningbiochars for heavy metal retention in soil:Role of oxygen functional groups[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,190(1/2/3):432-441.
[42] AHMAD M,OK Y S,RAJAPAKSHA A U,et al.Lead and copper immobilization in a shooting range soil using soybean stover- and pine needle-derived biochars:Chemical,microbial and spectroscopic assessments[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2016,301:179-186.
[43] 高心,何钟勤,王成坤,等.骨缺损修复材料煅烧牛骨粉的理化特性[J].吉林大学学报(医学版),2009,35(1):138-141.
[44] 董爱琴,谢杰,刘佳,等.土壤重金属钝化材料生物炭的研究进展[J].环境污染与防治,2017,39(3):319-325.