氧化锌压敏电阻多脉冲试验与仿真
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摘要
为了模拟真实雷电浪涌对氧化锌压敏电阻造成的危害,需要研究其在雷电多脉冲冲击作用下的特性。利用EMTP软件搭建8/20μs波形的多脉冲发生电路,采用IEEE压敏电阻模型进行仿真冲击,并将仿真数据与实测数据进行对比分析。发现IEEE模型较好反映了压敏电阻在雷电多脉冲冲击下的响应特性。同时利用多脉冲与单次脉冲作用下的氧化锌压敏电阻失效统计数据,根据威布尔分布拟合累积失效概率函数,计算压敏电阻冲击电流平均寿命。计算结果表明:多脉冲作用下,压敏电阻平均寿命远低于单次脉冲作用。需要进一步探究多脉冲作用下压敏电阻的失效机理。
In order to simulate the harm on ZnO varistor caused by natural lightning surge, studying the characteristics of ZnO varistor under multiple pulses is necessary. 8/20 μs waveform generator was established in EMTP and the IEEE model of ZnO varistor is applied for simulation pulse. Then the simulation results and the experimental data have been compared. Conclusion is drawn that IEEE model presents good accuracy under multiple pulses. Based on the statistical data of failed ZnO varistor under multiple pulses and a single pulse,cumulative failure probability following a Weibull distribution is fitted and the average life of ZnO was calculated. The results show that the average life of ZnO under multiple pulses is far lower than under a single pulse. Failure Mechanisms of ZnO under multiple pulses need further research.
In order to simulate the harm on ZnO varistor caused by natural lightning surge, studying the characteristics of ZnO varistor under multiple pulses is necessary. 8/20 μs waveform generator was established in EMTP and the IEEE model of ZnO varistor is applied for simulation pulse. Then the simulation results and the experimental data have been compared. Conclusion is drawn that IEEE model presents good accuracy under multiple pulses. Based on the statistical data of failed ZnO varistor under multiple pulses and a single pulse,cumulative failure probability following a Weibull distribution is fitted and the average life of ZnO was calculated. The results show that the average life of ZnO under multiple pulses is far lower than under a single pulse. Failure Mechanisms of ZnO under multiple pulses need further research.
引文
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[14]杨仲江,陈琳,杜志航,等.氧化锌压敏电阻劣化过程中电容量变化的分析应用[J].高电压技术,2010,36(9):2167-2172.YANG Zhongjiang,CHEN Lin,DU Zhihang,et al.Application on capacitance during the degradation of ZnO varistor[J].High Voltage Engineering,2010,36(9):2167-2172.
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[2]李祥超.电涌保护器(SPD)原理与应用[M].北京:气象出版社,2011.
[3]上海电器科学研究所(集团)有限公司,西安高压电器研究院有限责任公司,低压电涌保护器(SPD)第1部分:低压配电系统的保护器性能要求和试验方法:GB18802.1-2011[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2011.
[4]张义军,吕伟涛,郑栋,等.负地闪先导-回击过程的光学观测和分析[J].高电压技术,2008,34(10):2022-2029.ZHANG Yijun,LV Weitao,ZHENG Dong,et al.Optical observations and analysis of leader-return stroke processes involved in negative cloud-to-ground lightning flashes[J].High Voltage Engineering,2008,34(10):2022-2029.
[5]郄秀书,杨静,蒋如斌,等.山东人工引发雷电综合观测实验及回击电流特征[J].大气科学,2012,36(1):77-88.XI Xiushu,YANG Jing,JIANG Rubin,et al.Shandongartificially triggering lightning experiment and current characterization of return stroke[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,2012,36(1):77-88.
[6]吴文辉,曹祥麟.电力系统电磁暂态计算与EMTP应用[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2012.
[7]HALIM N H,AZMI A,YAHYA Y,et al.Development of a small scale standard lightning impulse current generator[C].The 5th International Power Engineering and Optimization Conference(PEOCO2011),2011.
[8]刘亮,张贵新,罗承沐,等.一种冲击波形发生电路的设计方法[J].高电压技术,2006,32(6):25-27.LIU Liang,ZHANG Guixin,LUO Chengmu,et al.Method to design surge generators[J].High Voltage Engineering,2006,32(6):25-27.
[9]IEEE working group 3.4.11.Modeling of metal oxide surge arresters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1995,10(2):393-397.
[10]吴维韩,何金良,高玉明.金属氧化物非线性电阻特性和应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1998.
[11]汤霖,赵冬一,李凡,等.国际上关于ZnO电阻片冲击能量耐受能力的研究进展[J].电瓷避雷器,2014(6):121-132.THANG Lin,ZHAO Dongyi,LI Fan,et al.Internationalresearch progress on impulse energy tolerance of ZnO resistor[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2014(6):121-132.
[12]丁留华,束静.ZnO压敏电阻冲击电流寿命分布的试验研究[J].电子元件与材料,2010,29(10):36-38.DING Liuhua,SHU Jing.Experimental study of the Life distribution of ZnO varistors subjected to surge current cycles[J].Electronic Components&Materials,2010,29(10):36-38.
[13]王守国.电子元器件的可靠性[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2014.
[14]杨仲江,陈琳,杜志航,等.氧化锌压敏电阻劣化过程中电容量变化的分析应用[J].高电压技术,2010,36(9):2167-2172.YANG Zhongjiang,CHEN Lin,DU Zhihang,et al.Application on capacitance during the degradation of ZnO varistor[J].High Voltage Engineering,2010,36(9):2167-2172.
[15]屠幼萍,何洁,王倩,等.氧化锌压敏电阻片的热刺激电流测试研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2010(33):116-121.TU Youping,HE Jie,WANG Qian,et al.Measurement of thermally stimulated current in ZnO varistor[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010(33):116-121.