2012—2017年上海市浦东新区轮状病毒感染性腹泻流行特征分析
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摘要
目的了解上海市浦东新区轮状病毒感染性腹泻的流行病学特征,为科学防控提供依据。方法对上海市浦东新区2012—2017年15家腹泻病监测点的肠道和儿科门诊首次就诊的腹泻病例使用系统抽样的方法进行调查并采样,对粪便标本进行轮状病毒检测和分析。结果研究共检测11 836例腹泻病例的粪便标本,检出轮状病毒阳性1 145份,阳性率为9.67%。2012—2017年连续监测显示轮状病毒阳性率呈波动趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=450.625,P<0.001),以2017年阳性率(23.29%)最高。浦东新区轮状病毒感染全年均有发生,每年11月至次年2月是高发季节。女性的阳性率(10.10%)总体高于男性的阳性率(8.80%);1~3岁年龄组的阳性率(14.74%)最高,65岁及以上年龄组的阳性率(6.51%)最低;儿童的阳性率(12.27%)高于成人(8.83%)。结论轮状病毒在全年各月份均可检出,以冬季为流行高峰;1~3岁年龄组是高发人群。应加强对轮状病毒的监测,结合轮状病毒流行特征制定科学的预防策略。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of rotavirus infectious diarrhea in Pudong New Area of Shanghai,and provide evidence for scientific prevention and control.Methods A systematic sampling method was used to investigate and sample the first diarrhoea cases in 15 diarrhoea surveillance sites in Pudong New Area of Shanghai in 2012-2017,and stool specimens for rotavirus detection and analysis were carried out.Results In this study,11 836 stool specimens were detected,and 1145 positive rotavirus samples were detected,with a positive rate of 9.67%.Continuous monitoring from 2012 to 2017 showed that the positive rate of rotavirus showed a fluctuating trend,and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=450.63,P<0.001),with the highest positive rate in 2017(23.29%).Rotavirus infection in Pudong New Area occurred throughout the year,and from November to February next year was a high season.The positive rate of female(10.10%) was higher than that of male(8.80%).The positive rate(14.74%) of the 1-3 year old age group was the highest,and the positive rate(6.51%) of the 65 years old and above age group was the lowest.The positive rate of children(12.27%) was higher than that of adults(8.83%).Conclusion Rotavirus could be detected in every month of the year,with the peak in winter.The 1-3 year old age group was the high incidence group.The surveillance of rotavirus should be strengthened and a scientific prevention strategy combined with the epidemic characteristics of rotavirus should be established as well.
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of rotavirus infectious diarrhea in Pudong New Area of Shanghai,and provide evidence for scientific prevention and control.Methods A systematic sampling method was used to investigate and sample the first diarrhoea cases in 15 diarrhoea surveillance sites in Pudong New Area of Shanghai in 2012-2017,and stool specimens for rotavirus detection and analysis were carried out.Results In this study,11 836 stool specimens were detected,and 1145 positive rotavirus samples were detected,with a positive rate of 9.67%.Continuous monitoring from 2012 to 2017 showed that the positive rate of rotavirus showed a fluctuating trend,and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=450.63,P<0.001),with the highest positive rate in 2017(23.29%).Rotavirus infection in Pudong New Area occurred throughout the year,and from November to February next year was a high season.The positive rate of female(10.10%) was higher than that of male(8.80%).The positive rate(14.74%) of the 1-3 year old age group was the highest,and the positive rate(6.51%) of the 65 years old and above age group was the lowest.The positive rate of children(12.27%) was higher than that of adults(8.83%).Conclusion Rotavirus could be detected in every month of the year,with the peak in winter.The 1-3 year old age group was the high incidence group.The surveillance of rotavirus should be strengthened and a scientific prevention strategy combined with the epidemic characteristics of rotavirus should be established as well.
引文
[1]胡雪桦,李东明,陈燕.婴幼儿轮状病毒腹泻研究进展[J].医学检验与临床,2016,27(3):58-59,63.
[2]Berni Canani R,Buccigrossi V,Passariello A.Mechanisms of action of zinc in acute diarrhea[J].Curr Opin Gastroenterol,2011,27(1):8-12.
[3]WHO.Rotavirus vaccines.WHO position paper-January 2013[J].Wkly Epidemiol Rec,2013,88(57):49-64.
[4]薛鸣,林君芬,徐校平,等.2011—2014年浙江省其他感染性腹泻病发病及病原分析[J].疾病监测,2016,31(03):209-214.
[5]Khatib PK,Khan ZH.Prevalence of rotavirus diarrhoea among childrens in Akola[J].Int J Pharm Res Allied Sci,2013,2(1):65-69.
[6]陈国平,史永林,查震球,等.2011—2015年安徽省哨点监测医院5岁以下儿童病毒性腹泻的病原学分析[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2018,29(01):56-59.
[7]高健,张鸿彦,张国利,等.2014年哈尔滨地区小儿轮状病毒腹泻流行特征探析[J].哈尔滨医科大学学报,2016,50(02):159-161.
[8]赵明英,梁国威,冯京全.北京地区1287例婴幼儿腹泻A组人类轮状病毒流行特征分析[J].临床输血与检验,2015,17(04):324-326.
[9]D'Souza RM,Hall G,Becker NG.Climatic factors associated with hospitalizations for rotavirus diarrhoea in children under 5 years of age[J].Epidemiol Infect,2008,136(1):56-64.
[10]Hervas D,Hervas-Masip J,Rosell A,et al.Are hospitalizations for rotavirus gastroenteritis associated with meteorologic factors?[J].Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis,2014,33(9):1547-1553.
[11]李文娟,李雷生,聂尚丹,等.2015—2016年济宁市腹泻儿童感染A组人轮状病毒流行病学特征分析[J].寄生虫病与感染性疾病,2017,15(03):134-137.
[12]周炳华,涂秋凤,沈磊,等.江西省2009—2011年<5岁儿童轮状病毒腹泻的流行病学特征及分子流行病学研究[J].中国疫苗和免疫,2014,20(01):59-61.
[13]李东明,黄子殷,胡雪桦,等.南宁市腹泻婴幼儿A群轮状病毒流行特征分析[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2015,25(17):2980-2981.
[14]李东明,梁志坤,胡雪桦,等.9183例婴幼儿腹泻A群轮状病毒流行特征分析[J].中国妇幼保健,2015,30(24):4194-4196.
[15]徐仲卿,沈思兰,朱绍琴,等.2010—2013年上海长宁地区成人轮状病毒急性胃肠炎的分子特征[J].微生物与感染,2016,11(03):165-170.
[2]Berni Canani R,Buccigrossi V,Passariello A.Mechanisms of action of zinc in acute diarrhea[J].Curr Opin Gastroenterol,2011,27(1):8-12.
[3]WHO.Rotavirus vaccines.WHO position paper-January 2013[J].Wkly Epidemiol Rec,2013,88(57):49-64.
[4]薛鸣,林君芬,徐校平,等.2011—2014年浙江省其他感染性腹泻病发病及病原分析[J].疾病监测,2016,31(03):209-214.
[5]Khatib PK,Khan ZH.Prevalence of rotavirus diarrhoea among childrens in Akola[J].Int J Pharm Res Allied Sci,2013,2(1):65-69.
[6]陈国平,史永林,查震球,等.2011—2015年安徽省哨点监测医院5岁以下儿童病毒性腹泻的病原学分析[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2018,29(01):56-59.
[7]高健,张鸿彦,张国利,等.2014年哈尔滨地区小儿轮状病毒腹泻流行特征探析[J].哈尔滨医科大学学报,2016,50(02):159-161.
[8]赵明英,梁国威,冯京全.北京地区1287例婴幼儿腹泻A组人类轮状病毒流行特征分析[J].临床输血与检验,2015,17(04):324-326.
[9]D'Souza RM,Hall G,Becker NG.Climatic factors associated with hospitalizations for rotavirus diarrhoea in children under 5 years of age[J].Epidemiol Infect,2008,136(1):56-64.
[10]Hervas D,Hervas-Masip J,Rosell A,et al.Are hospitalizations for rotavirus gastroenteritis associated with meteorologic factors?[J].Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis,2014,33(9):1547-1553.
[11]李文娟,李雷生,聂尚丹,等.2015—2016年济宁市腹泻儿童感染A组人轮状病毒流行病学特征分析[J].寄生虫病与感染性疾病,2017,15(03):134-137.
[12]周炳华,涂秋凤,沈磊,等.江西省2009—2011年<5岁儿童轮状病毒腹泻的流行病学特征及分子流行病学研究[J].中国疫苗和免疫,2014,20(01):59-61.
[13]李东明,黄子殷,胡雪桦,等.南宁市腹泻婴幼儿A群轮状病毒流行特征分析[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2015,25(17):2980-2981.
[14]李东明,梁志坤,胡雪桦,等.9183例婴幼儿腹泻A群轮状病毒流行特征分析[J].中国妇幼保健,2015,30(24):4194-4196.
[15]徐仲卿,沈思兰,朱绍琴,等.2010—2013年上海长宁地区成人轮状病毒急性胃肠炎的分子特征[J].微生物与感染,2016,11(03):165-170.