计及间隙长度的弧光接地故障建模及单端测距
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摘要
输电线路接地故障常伴随电弧放电,电弧电阻的非线性易导致传统故障测距方法精度降低,构建更为精确的电弧模型将有利于提高故障测距精度。现有的基于能量平衡理论的Cassie、Mayr等微分形式的电弧模型,电弧电压须由前一时刻多参数迭代计算求得,难以直接应用到故障测距算法当中;较为先进的电弧对数模型,将电弧看作长度恒定的短间隙电弧,忽略决定故障点电压波形特征的电弧间隙长度对测距结果所带来的影响。针对上述问题,该文详细分析电弧放电物理本质,基于汤逊原理构建间隙长度可控的汤逊电弧模型。该模型直接描述电弧的V-I特性,和单端阻抗测距算法契合度较高。仿真分析不同故障工况对测距精度的影响,结合现场实测数据验证该方法的有效性。
The grounding fault of transmission line is often accompanied by arc discharge. The fault could lead to the reduction of the accuracy of traditional fault location method easily due to the nonlinearity of arc resistance. It is necessary to establish a more precise arc model to improve the accuracy of fault location. The traditional Cassie and Mayr arc models which are described with differential equations are difficult to be directly used in relay protection. The arc-log model regards the arc gap which has a direct impact on the voltage waveform of the fault point as a constant short gap, ignoring the influence of arc gap length on the fault location results. To solve this problems, based on the air discharge nature description of the Thompson theory, a Thomson arc model with controllable gap length was constructed. The model directly describes the V-I characteristics of the arc, and it can be used in single-end fault location method. The effect of different fault conditions on the accuracy of distance measurement was simulated and analyzed.The effectiveness of the method was verified by the field measured data.
The grounding fault of transmission line is often accompanied by arc discharge. The fault could lead to the reduction of the accuracy of traditional fault location method easily due to the nonlinearity of arc resistance. It is necessary to establish a more precise arc model to improve the accuracy of fault location. The traditional Cassie and Mayr arc models which are described with differential equations are difficult to be directly used in relay protection. The arc-log model regards the arc gap which has a direct impact on the voltage waveform of the fault point as a constant short gap, ignoring the influence of arc gap length on the fault location results. To solve this problems, based on the air discharge nature description of the Thompson theory, a Thomson arc model with controllable gap length was constructed. The model directly describes the V-I characteristics of the arc, and it can be used in single-end fault location method. The effect of different fault conditions on the accuracy of distance measurement was simulated and analyzed.The effectiveness of the method was verified by the field measured data.
引文
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[15]Elkalashy N I,Lehtonen M,Darwish H A,et al.Modeling and experimental verification of high impedance arcing fault in medium voltage networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2007,14(2),375-383.
[16]彭建昌,王颖,王利民,等.气体开关击穿机理的初步研究[J].现代应用物理,2014,5(2):129-134.Peng Jianchang,Wang Ying,Wang Limin,et al.Preliminary research on breakdown mechanism of gas switch[J].Modern Applie Physics,2014,5(2):129-134(in Chinese).
[17]孙月琴,倪江,王宾,等.应用于输电线路单端测距的高阻接地故障电弧模型分析[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(22):86-92.Sun Yueqin,Ni Jiang,Wang Bin,et al.Transmission line high-impedance fault modeling analysis for single-end fault location[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(22):86-92(in Chinese).
[18]冯允平.高电压技术中的气体放电及其应用[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1990.Feng Yunping.Gas discharge in high voltage technology and its application[M].Beijing:Water Resources and Electric Power Press,2003(in Chinese).
[19]梁曦东,陈昌渔,周远翔.高电压工程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.Liang Xidong,Chen Changyu,Zhou Yuanxiang.High voltage engineering[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2003(in Chinese).
[2]苏国磊.山火引发500kV交流紧凑型线路相间短路原因分析[J].广东电力,2014,27(9):105-110.Su Guolei.Analysis on reason for interphase short-circuit of 500kV alternative current compact transmission line caused by forest fire[J].Guangdong Electric Power,2014,27(9):105-110(in Chinese).
[3]葛耀中.新型继电保护与故障测距原理与技术[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1996.Ge Yaozhong.Principle and technology of new type relay protection and fault location[M].Xi’an:Xi’an Jiaotong University Press,1996(in Chinese).
[4]许飞,董新洲,王宾,等.考虑二次回路暂态传变特性的单端组合测距算法及其应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(20):5210-5219.Xu Fei,Dong Xinzhou,Wang Bin,et al.Single-ended assembled fault location method and application considering secondary circuit transfer characteristics[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(20):5210-5219(in Chinese).
[5]王仁甫.电弧现象模型的发展[J].高压电器,1991(4):39-45.Wang Renpu.Development of the arc phenomenon model[J].High Voltage Apparatus,1991(4):39-45(in Chinese).
[6]Cassie A M.Arc repture and circuit secerity:A new theory[R].Paris,France:CIGRE Report No.102,1939:1-16.
[7]Mayr O.Beitr?ge zur theorie des statischen und des dynamischen Lichtbogens[J].Archiv Für Elektrotechnik,1943,37(12):588-608.
[8]景敏慧,柳焕章,邓洪涛,等.平行双回线路高阻接地故障保护的新思路[J].电力系统自动化,2008,32(8):55-58.Jing Minhui,Liu Huanzhang,Deng Hongtao,et al.New protection scheme for high resistance ground fault on the parallel double-circuit transmission lines[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2008,32(8):55-58(in Chinese).
[9]马杰,李磊,李乃永,等.基于故障信息的高阻接地故障辨识与定位方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2013,41(11):74-78.Ma Jie,Li Lei,Li Naiyong,et al.Identification and location of high-resistance grounding fault based on fault records[J].Power System Protection and Control,2013,41(11):74-78(in Chinese).
[10]Radojevic Z M,Shin J R.New one terminal digital algorithm for adaptive reclosing and fault distance calculation on transmission lines[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2006,21(3):1231-1237.
[11]Funabashi T,Otoguro H,Mizuma Y,et al.Influence of fault arc characteristics on the accuracy of digital fault locators[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2001,16(2):195-199.
[12]王钢,徐子利,梁远升,等.基于故障电弧方波曲线相似度的输电线路单端故障测距时域算法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2012,40(23):109-113.Wang Gang,Xu Zili,Liang Yuansheng,et al.Single terminal time domain fault location method based on the similarity of square wave for arc grounding fault[J].Power System Protection and Control,2012,40(23):109-113(in Chinese).
[13]束洪春,司大军,葛耀中,等.高压输电线路电弧故障单端定位时域法新解[J].中国电机工程学报,2000,20(11):25-29,35.Shu Hongchun,Si Dajun,Ge Yaozhong,et al.A new time-domain method for locating arc fault in EHVtransmission line using one terminal data[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2000,20(11):25-29,35(in Chinese).
[14]王宾,倪江,王海港,等.输电线路弧光高阻接地故障单端测距分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(5):1333-1341.Wang Bin,Ni Jiang,Wang Haigang,et al.Single-end fault location for high impedance arc grounding fault in transmission line[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(5):1333-1341(in Chinese).
[15]Elkalashy N I,Lehtonen M,Darwish H A,et al.Modeling and experimental verification of high impedance arcing fault in medium voltage networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2007,14(2),375-383.
[16]彭建昌,王颖,王利民,等.气体开关击穿机理的初步研究[J].现代应用物理,2014,5(2):129-134.Peng Jianchang,Wang Ying,Wang Limin,et al.Preliminary research on breakdown mechanism of gas switch[J].Modern Applie Physics,2014,5(2):129-134(in Chinese).
[17]孙月琴,倪江,王宾,等.应用于输电线路单端测距的高阻接地故障电弧模型分析[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(22):86-92.Sun Yueqin,Ni Jiang,Wang Bin,et al.Transmission line high-impedance fault modeling analysis for single-end fault location[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(22):86-92(in Chinese).
[18]冯允平.高电压技术中的气体放电及其应用[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1990.Feng Yunping.Gas discharge in high voltage technology and its application[M].Beijing:Water Resources and Electric Power Press,2003(in Chinese).
[19]梁曦东,陈昌渔,周远翔.高电压工程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.Liang Xidong,Chen Changyu,Zhou Yuanxiang.High voltage engineering[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2003(in Chinese).