基于社会网络分析的西班牙Tiki-Taka战术打法的传控特征分析
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摘要
目的:探讨西班牙Tiki-Taka战术打法的传控特征与规律。方法:运用录相观察法、社会网络分析法,对西班牙队在2016欧洲杯、2014世界杯的传球数据进行可视化分析。结果:西班牙队的整体传球网络由网络中心层、中间层与边缘层三个层次构成,传控核心主要由中后场球员组成;网络连线与粗细显示西班牙队传球形成固定的小群体;西班牙队传球网络密度、网络距离较优,球员之间传球联系紧密,传球频次较高,流畅度较好;局部网分析显示西班牙传球网络的核心-边缘结构较为合理,中后场左路、中前场右路是其传控核心区域;个体网分析显示西班牙队中心性较高的球员为前卫、后卫球员。结论:极致传控是Tiki-Taka战术打法的核心理念,比赛强调对中场的控制力;中场与后场稳固的攻防体系为控制型打法提供有力支持;高水平的个人传控能力是Tiki-Taka战术打法的基础,高控球率是Tiki-Taka战术打法的显著表现,控球以中短传渗透为主,以精准的传球层层推进达成战术目的。
Objective: To explore the characteristics and laws of Tiki-Taka tactics in Spain. Methods: Make visual analysis of the passing data of Spanish team in 2016 European Cup and 2014 World Cup by means of video observation and social network analysis. Results: The overall passing network of the Spanish team is composed of three circles: the network center, the middle and the edge. The core of the transmission and control is mainly composed of the middle and back field players; the network connection and the thickness show that the Spanish team passes the ball in a fixed small group. Having a higher network density and better network distance, the Spanish players can pass the ball more closely, frequently, and smoothly; the local network analysis shows that the core-edge structure of pass network is more reasonable, The left side of the middle-rear field and the right side of the middle-front field are the core areas of ball control; the separate network analysis shows that players with higher centrality in Spanish team are vanguards and backs. Conclusion: Intricate pass and control are the core idea of Tiki-Taka tactics, which stress the control of midfield. The stable offensive and defensive system in midfield and backfield provide strong support for the tactics; high-level personal pass and control are the basis of Tiki-Taka tactics, and high ball control rate is a remarkable characteristic of the tactics. Ball control features medium-and short-distance pass penetration, and the tactical purpose is achieved by circle-by-circle advancement.
Objective: To explore the characteristics and laws of Tiki-Taka tactics in Spain. Methods: Make visual analysis of the passing data of Spanish team in 2016 European Cup and 2014 World Cup by means of video observation and social network analysis. Results: The overall passing network of the Spanish team is composed of three circles: the network center, the middle and the edge. The core of the transmission and control is mainly composed of the middle and back field players; the network connection and the thickness show that the Spanish team passes the ball in a fixed small group. Having a higher network density and better network distance, the Spanish players can pass the ball more closely, frequently, and smoothly; the local network analysis shows that the core-edge structure of pass network is more reasonable, The left side of the middle-rear field and the right side of the middle-front field are the core areas of ball control; the separate network analysis shows that players with higher centrality in Spanish team are vanguards and backs. Conclusion: Intricate pass and control are the core idea of Tiki-Taka tactics, which stress the control of midfield. The stable offensive and defensive system in midfield and backfield provide strong support for the tactics; high-level personal pass and control are the basis of Tiki-Taka tactics, and high ball control rate is a remarkable characteristic of the tactics. Ball control features medium-and short-distance pass penetration, and the tactical purpose is achieved by circle-by-circle advancement.
引文
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[2] 高博,刘卫.第19届世界杯足球赛决赛阶段145例进球攻略研究[J].中国体育科技,2011,47(1):69-75.
[3] 刘鸿优,彭召方.中国足球超级联赛致胜关键指标探析[J].中国体育科技,2016,52(3):104-109.
[4] 陈效科,陈翀,王朝信.2014年世界杯足球赛控球率与比赛胜负的相关性[J].北京体育大学学报,2015,38(1):114-119;123.
[5] 王小乐.第19届足球世界杯参赛球队传球技术指标与最终成绩排名的相关性分析[J].西安体育学院学报,2011,28(3):371-374.
[6] 薛俊,王君,周毅.对“休斯《足球获胜公式》的直接打法”的认识与分析[J].广州体育学院学报,2003,23(5):73-75.
[7] 侯会生,米玛顿珠,侯彪,等.足球比赛核心制胜因素和制胜公式的探讨[J].北京体育大学学报,2017,40(11):105-110.
[8] 赵刚,陈超.足球比赛表现研究方法和评价指标体系研究[J].体育科学,2015,35(4):72-81.
[9] 任定猛.室内五人制足球比赛传球方式特征研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2013,36(1):123-126,139.
[10] 潘红玲.第14届欧洲杯足球赛各项技术统计指标与球队胜负的相关性分析[J].武汉体育学院学报,2013,47(1):85-89.
[11] 李博,王雷.社会网络分析法研究足球比赛传球表现的可行性分析[J].北京体育大学学报,2017,8(40):112-119.
[12] BORGATTI S P,JONES C,EVERETT M G.Network Measures of Social Capital[J].CONNECTIONS,1998,21(2):1-36.
[13] 刘军.整体网分析讲义[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2009:110-254.
[14] 王杰,陈清.高水平足球比赛由守转攻时态下竞技表现特征分析[J].成都体育学院学报,2018,44(5):91-95.
[15] 水祎舟,黄竹杭,耿建华.世界杯视角下高水平男子足球运动攻防战术能力特征研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2015,38(8):130-137;144.
[16] 张磊,李春满,游永豪,等.中超联赛制胜因素分析[J].北京体育大学学报,2015,38(8):118-124.
[17] 刘军.整体网分析UCINET软件使用指南[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2014:129-140.
[18] 张玥,朱庆华.学术博客交流网络的核心-边缘结构分析实证研究[J].图书情报工作,2009,3(12):25-29.
[19] 李亮,朱庆华.社会网络分析方法在合著分析中的实证研究[J].情报科学,2008,26(4):549-555.
[20] 朱庆华,李亮.社会网络分析法及其在情报学中的应用[J].情报理论与实践,2008,2(31):179-183;174.