掠入射聚焦型X射线脉冲星望远镜装配误差分析与在轨验证
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摘要
针对掠入射聚焦型X射线脉冲星望远镜多源装配误差影响光学性能的问题,提出了空间X射线聚焦光学产品装配误差分析方法。综合考虑偏心、倾斜、离焦以及装配应力引起面形畸变等装配误差,基于小位移旋量理论和空间位姿变换矩阵构建产品装配误差理论分析模型。采用光矢量计算和蒙特卡洛法定量分析了装配误差对聚焦性能的影响,倾斜误差对聚焦性能影响最大,倾斜误差1’可导致焦斑RMS值增大约0.3~0.4 mm。0’、3.75’和6’视场所允许的倾斜误差极限分别为5.31’、3.14’和1.38’。偏心误差和离焦误差影响较小,视场为0~6’所允许的误差极限约为0.45~0.50 mm,离焦误差允许的变化范围为±5 mm。装配应力与自重产生的最大面形误差约为101 nm,RMS为14.17 nm,6~7’视场的面形误差对焦斑的影响最大(约9.46%)。搭建了具有多自由度调整与图像处理算法的装调系统,实现了焦斑RMS为0.78 mm的精密装配。地面装配试验与在轨遥测数据验证了装配误差理论分析与精密装配方法的有效性。该方法对空间X射线聚焦型望远镜的精密装配研究具有指导意义。
Aiming at the issue of optical performance of grazing incidence focusing X-ray pulsar telescope affected by multi-source assembly errors, an assembly error analysis method of spatial X-ray focusing optical product is proposed. Considering the assembly error such as eccentricity, inclination, defocusing and surface distortion caused by assembly stress, the theoretical analysis model of product assembly error is constructed based on the small displacement torsor theory and spatial position and posture transformation matrix. The influence of assembly error on focusing performance was quantitatively analyzed by optical vector calculation and Monte Carlo method. Tilt error has the greatest impact on focusing performance, in which the tilt error 1' can cause the focal spot RMS to increase by about 0.3-0.4 mm. The allowable tilt error limits for the 0 ', 3.75 'and 6' field of views are 5.31 ', 3.14 'and 1.38 'respectively. Whereas, eccentricity error and defocus error are less affected, the permissible error limit for the field of view 0-6 is approximately 0.45-0.50 mm and the defocus error can be relaxed to ± 5 mm. The maximum profile error of assembly stress and self weight is about 101 nm and RMS is 14.17 nm. The profile error of 6-7' field of view has the greatest effect on focal spot(about 9.46%). An assembly adjustment system with multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment and image processing algorithm is formulated to realize the precision assembly of 0.78 mm of focal spot RMS. The results of assembly test and in-orbit telemetry data verify the effectiveness of assembly error theory analysis and precision assembly method. The proposed method has guiding significance for the precision assembly of space X-ray focusing telescope.
Aiming at the issue of optical performance of grazing incidence focusing X-ray pulsar telescope affected by multi-source assembly errors, an assembly error analysis method of spatial X-ray focusing optical product is proposed. Considering the assembly error such as eccentricity, inclination, defocusing and surface distortion caused by assembly stress, the theoretical analysis model of product assembly error is constructed based on the small displacement torsor theory and spatial position and posture transformation matrix. The influence of assembly error on focusing performance was quantitatively analyzed by optical vector calculation and Monte Carlo method. Tilt error has the greatest impact on focusing performance, in which the tilt error 1' can cause the focal spot RMS to increase by about 0.3-0.4 mm. The allowable tilt error limits for the 0 ', 3.75 'and 6' field of views are 5.31 ', 3.14 'and 1.38 'respectively. Whereas, eccentricity error and defocus error are less affected, the permissible error limit for the field of view 0-6 is approximately 0.45-0.50 mm and the defocus error can be relaxed to ± 5 mm. The maximum profile error of assembly stress and self weight is about 101 nm and RMS is 14.17 nm. The profile error of 6-7' field of view has the greatest effect on focal spot(about 9.46%). An assembly adjustment system with multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment and image processing algorithm is formulated to realize the precision assembly of 0.78 mm of focal spot RMS. The results of assembly test and in-orbit telemetry data verify the effectiveness of assembly error theory analysis and precision assembly method. The proposed method has guiding significance for the precision assembly of space X-ray focusing telescope.
引文
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[4]KEITH C G,ARZOUMANIAN Z,ADKINS P W,et al.The neutron star interior composition explorer(NICER):Design and development[C]//Proceedings of SPIE,Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2016:Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray,2016,(9905):1-16.
[5]刘伟东,宁汝新,刘检华,等.机械装配偏差源及其偏差传递机理分析[J].机械工程学报,2012,48(1):156-168.LIU Weidong,NING Ruxin,LIU Jianhua,et al.Mechanism analysis of deviation sourcing and propagation for mechanical assembly[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2012,48(1):156-168.
[6]李冬英,李梦奇,张根保,等.元动作装配单元误差源及误差传递模型研究[J].机械工程学报,2015,51(17):146-155.LI Dongying,LI Mengqi,ZHANG Genbao,et al.Mechanism analysis of deviation sourcing and propagation for meta-action unit[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2015,51(17):146-155.
[7]刘伟东,宁汝新,刘检华,等.基于偏差有向图和D-H方法的产品装配精度预测技术[J].机械工程学报,2012,48(7):125-140.LIU Weidong,NING Ruxin,LIU Jianhua,et al.Precision predicting based on directed deviation graph modeling and D-H methodology[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2012,48(7):125-140.
[8]李安虎,左其友,卞永明,等.亚微弧度级激光跟踪转镜装配误差分析[J].机械工程学报,2016,52(10):9-16.LI Anhu,ZUO Qiyou,BIAN Yongming,et al.Assembly error analysis of laser tracking steering prisms with sub-microradian order accuracy[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2016,52(10):9-16.
[9]HARVEY J E,GRESSLER W J.Image degradation due to assembly and alignment errors in conical foil x-ray telescopes[J].Optical Engineering,1996,35(10):3037-3047.
[10]THOMPSON P L,HARVEY J E.Systems engineering analysis of aplanatic Wolter type I x-ray telescopes[J].Optical Engineering,2000,39(6):1677-1691.
[11]FORST C R,SPENKO M,SUN Y X,et al.Repeatable and accurate assembly of X-ray foils optics[J].Precision Engineering,2006,30(6):63-70.
[12]CIVITANI M M,BASSO S,CITTERION O,et al.Accurate integration of segmented x-ray optics using interfacing ribs[J].Precision Engineering,2013,52(9):1-10.
[13]赵大春,陈波,刘鹏,等.Wolter型X射线嵌套望远镜成像质量分析[J].光学学报,2016,36(3):84-90.ZHAO Dachun,CHEN Bo,LIU Peng,et al.Image quality evaluation of Wolter X-ray nested telescope[J].Acta Optica Sinca,2016,36(3):84-90.
[14]MU B Z,XIE Y C,CHEN S G,et al.Tolerance analysis on nested conical Wolter-I x-ray telescope[C]//Proceedings of SPIE,Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012:Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray,2012,(8443):1-9.
[15]CHON K S,NAMBA Y,YOON K H.Figure tolerance of a Wolter type I mirror for a softx-ray microscope[J].Applied Optics,2007,46(14):2663-2669.
[16]MCCLELLAND R S,BONAFEDE J S,TIMO T,et al.Design and analysis of an X-ray mirror assembly using the meta-shell approach[C]//Proceedings of SPIE,Astronmical Telescopes and Instrumentation,2016,GSFC-E-DAA-TN33329:1-9.
[17]Beidou.XPNAV-1[OL].(2017-05-09)www.beidou.gov.cn/xpnavdata.rar.
[18]SCHATTENBURG M L,CANIZARES C R.High-resolution X-ray spectroscopy of the Crab Nebula and the oxygen abundance of the interstellar medium[J].The Astrophysical Journal,1986,301:759-771.