基于Monte Carlo的聚焦型X射线脉冲星望远镜多物理场耦合分析方法
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摘要
聚焦型X射线脉冲星望远镜(XPT)是涉及光学、机械学、热学等多学科的复杂航天载荷,多物理场耦合分析对提高其在轨性能和可靠性至关重要。传统的光机热多场耦合分析(MCA)方法并不能考虑X射线能量及其反射率信息,而且存在学科间数据传递困难的问题。为此,首先基于Monte Carlo和X射线全反射理论提出了一种高效的多物理场耦合分析方法。该方法同时考虑X射线能量和反射率两大特征信息,基于有限元分析(FEA)法建立了XPT热-结构物理场耦合方程和有限元分析模型,针对不同工况进行热分析、结构分析以及热-结构物理场耦合分析。其次,采用Construction Geometry函数分别提取不同工况下光学镜头面形的形变量,并基于多项式函数对变形后的镜头面形进行拟合和误差分析。然后,基于所提方法对变形后的光学系统聚焦性能进行分析与评价,得到镜头形变对XPT光学聚焦性能的影响规律。最后,以多层嵌套的XPT为例,对不同视场角和形变的X射线光学系统聚焦性能进行了仿真分析。结果表明,在全视场时热-结构耦合形变、热形变及结构形变导致XPT聚焦性能分别下降30.01%,14.35%和7.85%,弥散斑均方根依次为2.914 3mm,2.603 8mm,2.531 1 mm。通过与试验结果对比分析,验证了所提方法的有效性,可用于XPT的可靠性设计。
Focusing X-ray pulsar telescope(XPT)is a typical complex space optical payload,which involves optical,mechanical,electrical and thermal disciplines.The multiphysics coupling analysis plays an important role in improving the in-orbit performance of XPT.However,the conventional multiphysics coupling analysis(MCA)methods encounter two serious problems in dealing with the XTP.One is that the energy and reflectivity information of X-ray cannot be taken into consideration,which always misunderstands the essence of XPT.The other is that the coupling data cannot be transferred automatically among different disciplines,leading to computational inefficiency and thus increase the design cost.Therefore,a new multiphysics coupling analysis method for X-ray pulsar telescope is proposed based on the Monte Carlo and the full reflective theory.The main idea,procedures and operational steps of the proposed method are addressed in detail.Firstly,this method takes both the energy and reflectivity information of X-ray into consideration simultaneously and formulate the thermalstructural coupling equation and multiphysics coupling analysis model based on the finite element analysis(FEA)method.Then,all the thermal-structural,thermal and structural analysis under different working conditions have been implemented.Secondly,the mirror deformation can be obtained using construction geometry function.Meanwhile,the polynomial function is adopted to fit the deformed mirror and meanwhile evaluate the fitting error.Thirdly,the focusing performance analysis of XPT can be evaluated by the root mean square and maximum radius of dispersion spot employing the proposed method.Finally,a six-layer nested XPT is taken as an example to verify the proposed multiphysics coupling analysis method.The simulation results show that the thermal-structural coupling deformation is bigger than others;the influencing law of deformation effect on the focusing performance has been obtained.The focusing performances of thermal-structural,thermal,structural deformations have degraded by 30.01%,14.35% and 7.85%respectively.The RMSs of dispersion spot are 2.914 3mm,2.603 8mm and 2.531 1mm.As a result,the validity of the proposed method is verified through comparing the simulation results and experiments,which can be employed in the reliability-based design of XPT.
Focusing X-ray pulsar telescope(XPT)is a typical complex space optical payload,which involves optical,mechanical,electrical and thermal disciplines.The multiphysics coupling analysis plays an important role in improving the in-orbit performance of XPT.However,the conventional multiphysics coupling analysis(MCA)methods encounter two serious problems in dealing with the XTP.One is that the energy and reflectivity information of X-ray cannot be taken into consideration,which always misunderstands the essence of XPT.The other is that the coupling data cannot be transferred automatically among different disciplines,leading to computational inefficiency and thus increase the design cost.Therefore,a new multiphysics coupling analysis method for X-ray pulsar telescope is proposed based on the Monte Carlo and the full reflective theory.The main idea,procedures and operational steps of the proposed method are addressed in detail.Firstly,this method takes both the energy and reflectivity information of X-ray into consideration simultaneously and formulate the thermalstructural coupling equation and multiphysics coupling analysis model based on the finite element analysis(FEA)method.Then,all the thermal-structural,thermal and structural analysis under different working conditions have been implemented.Secondly,the mirror deformation can be obtained using construction geometry function.Meanwhile,the polynomial function is adopted to fit the deformed mirror and meanwhile evaluate the fitting error.Thirdly,the focusing performance analysis of XPT can be evaluated by the root mean square and maximum radius of dispersion spot employing the proposed method.Finally,a six-layer nested XPT is taken as an example to verify the proposed multiphysics coupling analysis method.The simulation results show that the thermal-structural coupling deformation is bigger than others;the influencing law of deformation effect on the focusing performance has been obtained.The focusing performances of thermal-structural,thermal,structural deformations have degraded by 30.01%,14.35% and 7.85%respectively.The RMSs of dispersion spot are 2.914 3mm,2.603 8mm and 2.531 1mm.As a result,the validity of the proposed method is verified through comparing the simulation results and experiments,which can be employed in the reliability-based design of XPT.
引文
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[19]周小红,任晓明,李柱,等.激光器光学系统光机热集成分析方法[J].强激光与粒子束,2013,25(11):2851-2855.ZHOU X H,REN X M,LI Z,et al.Thermal-structuraloptical integrated analysis method of laser optical system[J].High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2013,25(11):2851-2855(in Chinese).
[20]赵源,张殷富,王洪伟.某空间望远镜光机热集成分析[J].激光与红外,2012,42(4):404-407.ZHAO Y,ZHANG Y F,WANG H W.Integrated thermal-structural-optical analysis of a space telescope[J].Laser&Infrared,2012,42(4):404-407(in Chinese).
[21]ZHANG J,WU Y,WU F.Thermal-structural-optical analysis for the lens of high-precision interferometer[C]//Proceedings of SPIE,6th International Symposium on Advanced Optical Manufacturing and Testing Technologies:Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies,2012:1-6.
[2]李鹏飞,徐国栋,董立珉,等.X射线脉冲星信号时延的实时估计方法[J].航空学报,2014,35(7):1966-1976.LI P F,XU G D,DONG L M,et al.A real time estimation method of time-delay for X-ray pulsar signal[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2014,35(7):1966-1976(in Chinese).
[3]崔平远,徐瑞,朱圣英,等.深空探测器自主技术发展现状与趋势[J].航空学报,2014,35(1):13-28.CUI P Y,XU R,ZHU S Y,et al.State of the art and development trends of on-board autonomy technology for deep space explorer[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2014,35(1):13-28(in Chinese).
[4]NERONOV A,BOYARSKY A,IAKUBOVSKYI D,et al.Potential of the large observatory for X-ray timing telescope for the search for dark matter[J].Physical Review D,2014,90(12):123-132.
[5]PENACCHIONI A V,BRAGA J,CASTRO M A,et al.Telescope performance and image simulations of the balloon-borne coded-mask protoMIRAX experiment[J].Journal of High Energy Astrophysics,[2015-04-13].http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jheap.2015.01.001.
[6]IWASE T,MATSUMOTO H,KUNIEDA H,et al.Development of the next generation X-ray telescope using CFRP as a substrate[C]//Proceedings of Suzaku-MAXI2014:Expanding the Frontiers of the X-ray Universe,2014:160-161.
[7]BARBOUR S,ERWIN D A.Comparison of focal properties of square-channel and meridional lobster-eye lenses[J].Journal of the Optical Society of America A,2014,31(12):2584-2592.
[8]GORENSTEIN P.Grazing incidence telescopes for X-ray astronomy[J].Optical Engineering,2012,51(1):1-14.
[9]CARL B,MARK M,KEVIN K,et al.Structural-ther-mal-optical performance(STOP)sensitivity analysis for the jams webb space telescope[C]//Proceedings of SPIE,Optical Modeling and Performance Predictions II,2005:1-11.
[10]JORDAN E,CHAINYK M,HABBAL F,et al.Thermo/opto/mechanical analysis of large apertures for exoplanet detection using cielo[C]//Proceedings of SPIE,Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets IV,2009:1-6.
[11]JACOB M,MARCUS H,KENNETH G.Predicting performance of optical systems undergoing thermal/mechanical loadings using integrated thermal/structural/optical numerical methods[J].Optical Engineering,1981,20(2):166-174.
[12]ALA T,SUBRAMANI S.Multiphysics coupled fluid/thermal/structural simulation for hypersonic reentry vehicles[J].Journal of Aerospace Engineering,2014,25(2):273-281.
[13]ALEXANDER C,ALDA J,FRANCISCO J.Multiphysics simulation for the optimization of optical nanoantennas working as distributed bolometers in the infrared[J].Journal of Nanophptonics,2013,7(1):1-15.
[14]JASON G,JEFF L,LESLIE P,et al.Collaborative design and analysis of electro-optical sensors[C]//Proceedings of SPIE,Optical Modeling and Performance Predictions IV,2009:1-12.
[15]KEITARO I,AWAKI H,TATSURO K,et al.The thermal analysis of the hard X-ray telescope(HXT)and the investigation of the deformation of the mirror foil due to temperature change[C]//Proceedings of SPIE,Space Telescope and Instrumentation:Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray,2010:1-13.
[16]HISAMITSU A,KEIJI O,TAKASHI O,et al.Design study of telescope housing for the NeXT/XRT[C]//Proceedings of SPIE,Space Telescope and Instrumentation:Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray,2008:1-8.
[17]贾志刚,王荣桥,胡殿印.流固耦合在涡轮多学科设计优化中的应用[J].航空学报,2013,34(3):2777-2784.JIA Z G,WANG R Q,HU D Y.Application of fluid-solid coupling on multidisciplinary optimization design for turbine blades[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2013,34(3):2777-2784(in Chinese).
[18]刘艳芳,毛鸣翀,徐向阳,等.液压电磁阀多物理场耦合热结构学分析[J].机械工程学报,2014,50(2):139-145.LIU Y F,MAO M C,XU X Y,et al.Multi-discipline coupled thermo-mechanics analysis of hydraulic solenoid valves[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2014,50(2):139-145(in Chinese).
[19]周小红,任晓明,李柱,等.激光器光学系统光机热集成分析方法[J].强激光与粒子束,2013,25(11):2851-2855.ZHOU X H,REN X M,LI Z,et al.Thermal-structuraloptical integrated analysis method of laser optical system[J].High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2013,25(11):2851-2855(in Chinese).
[20]赵源,张殷富,王洪伟.某空间望远镜光机热集成分析[J].激光与红外,2012,42(4):404-407.ZHAO Y,ZHANG Y F,WANG H W.Integrated thermal-structural-optical analysis of a space telescope[J].Laser&Infrared,2012,42(4):404-407(in Chinese).
[21]ZHANG J,WU Y,WU F.Thermal-structural-optical analysis for the lens of high-precision interferometer[C]//Proceedings of SPIE,6th International Symposium on Advanced Optical Manufacturing and Testing Technologies:Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies,2012:1-6.