深部软弱破碎复合顶板煤巷稳定控制技术
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摘要
针对深部软弱破碎复合顶板矩形断面煤巷易冒顶、大变形、难支护等特点,基于锚杆和锚索支护理论,提出了兼具组合梁和组合拱承载效应的梁-拱锚固承载结构,分析了梁-拱锚固结构的几何特征,揭示了不同锚固参数条件下梁-拱锚固结构的形成过程及演化规律,反映了不同支护形式下煤巷顶板的锚固结构效应。采用FLAC~(3D)模拟研究了4种支护技术方案条件下深部软弱破碎复合顶板煤巷围岩位移与塑性区损伤扩展演化规律,揭示了不同支护技术方案对矩形断面煤巷围岩的控制效果,验证了采用基于梁-拱锚固结构的深部软弱破碎复合顶板矩形断面煤巷支护技术方案的合理性,并进行了井下工业性试验。监测结果表明,采用"梁-拱锚固结构"支护技术方案有效地控制了深部软弱破碎复合顶板煤巷离层与大变形,维持了深部软弱破碎复合顶板煤巷围岩与支护结构的稳定及安全。
In terms of the roof fall,large deformation and difficult support of deep soft broken composite roof in rectangular section coal roadway,based on the support theory of bolting and rope,this study put forward the beam-arch bearing structure which had the feature of composite beams and composite arch. The geometrical charac-teristics of the anchorage of beam-arch structure was analyzed,it revealed the formation process and evolution law of the beam-arch anchorage structure with different anchorage parameters and reflected the anchorage structure effects for different supporting programs. Four kinds of supporting technology solutions were studied by FLAC3 Dto simulate the surrounding rock displacement of deep soft broken composite roof and the damage extension evolution of plastic zone. It reveals the control effect of different supporting technology solutions in rectangular cross section coal roadway. The rationality of supporting technology scheme based on beam-arch structure in deep soft broken composite roof was validated,and the underground industrial test was carried out. Monitoring results show that the supporting technology of beam-arch structureeffectively controls the deep soft broken composite roof abscission layer and large deformation. It can maintain the deep soft broken compound roof coal roadway surrounding rock and supporting structure stability and safety.
In terms of the roof fall,large deformation and difficult support of deep soft broken composite roof in rectangular section coal roadway,based on the support theory of bolting and rope,this study put forward the beam-arch bearing structure which had the feature of composite beams and composite arch. The geometrical charac-teristics of the anchorage of beam-arch structure was analyzed,it revealed the formation process and evolution law of the beam-arch anchorage structure with different anchorage parameters and reflected the anchorage structure effects for different supporting programs. Four kinds of supporting technology solutions were studied by FLAC3 Dto simulate the surrounding rock displacement of deep soft broken composite roof and the damage extension evolution of plastic zone. It reveals the control effect of different supporting technology solutions in rectangular cross section coal roadway. The rationality of supporting technology scheme based on beam-arch structure in deep soft broken composite roof was validated,and the underground industrial test was carried out. Monitoring results show that the supporting technology of beam-arch structureeffectively controls the deep soft broken composite roof abscission layer and large deformation. It can maintain the deep soft broken compound roof coal roadway surrounding rock and supporting structure stability and safety.
引文
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[11]姜耀东,王宏伟,赵毅鑫,等.极软岩回采巷道互补控制支护技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(12):2383-2390.JIANG Yaodong,WANG Hongwei,ZHAO Yixin,et al.Study of complementary supporting technology of extremely soft rock mining roadway[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(12):2383-2390.
[12]高明仕,郭春生,李江锋,等.厚层松软复合顶板煤巷梯次支护力学原理及应用[J].中国矿业大学学报,2011,40(3):333-338.GAO Mingshi,GUO Chunsheng,LI Jiangfeng,et al.Mechanical principles and application of a multi-length support technology to a coal roadway with thick soft combined roof during deep mining[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2011,40(3):333-338.
[13]杨峰,王连国,贺安民,等.复合顶板的破坏机理与锚杆支护技术[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2008,25(3):286-289.YANG Feng,WANG Lianguo,HE Anmin,et al.Failure mechanism and bolting support technique of complex roof[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2008,25(3):286-289.
[14]刘红岗,贺永年,韩立军,等.深井煤巷卸压孔与锚网联合支护的模拟与实践[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2006,23(3):258-263.LIU Honggang,HE Yongnian,HAN Lijun,et al.Numerical simulation and industrial test for combined support of pressure-relief boreholes with bolt-mesh in deep coal tunnel[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2006,23(3):258-263.
[15]南培珠,房姗姗,王金安.松软破碎煤巷锚网支护关键参数识别与优化[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(8):1037-1042.NAN Peizhu,PANG Shanshan,WANG Jin’an.Discernment and optimization on the key parameters of bolt-mesh support in the crushed soft roadway[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(8):1037-1042.
[16]王琦,李术才,李为腾,等.让压型锚索箱梁支护系统组合构件耦合性能分析及应用[J].岩土力学,2012,33(11):3374-3384.WANG Qi,LI Shucai,LI Weiteng,et al.Analysis of combination components coupling of pressure relief anchor box beam support system and application[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(11):3374-3384.
[17]李云.三软煤巷梁-拱锚固结构形成机制与承载特性研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2013:37-64.LI Yun.Study on formation mechanism and bearing behavior of beam-arch anchorage structure in three-soft coal roadway[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2013:37-64.
[18]沈明荣,陈建峰.岩体力学[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2006:175-177.
[19]侯朝炯,郭励生,勾攀峰.煤巷锚杆支护[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1999:7-11.
[20]田洪铭,陈卫忠,谭贤君,等.高地应力软岩隧道合理支护方案研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(11):2285-2292.TIAN Hongming,CHEN Weizhong,TAN Xianjun,et al.Study of reasonable support scheme for soft rock tunnel in high geostress zone[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(11):2285-2292.
[21]周毅,李术才,李利平,等.地层条件对超大断面隧道软弱破碎围岩施工影响过程规律的数值模拟分析[J].岩土力学,2011,32(S2):673-678.ZHOU Yi,LI Shucai,LI Liping,et al.Study of influence of formation conditions on construction process rules of ultralarge section and weak broken wall rock tunnel by numerical simulation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(S2):673-678.
[22]李元,刘刚,龙景奎.深部巷道预应力协同支护数值分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2011,28(2):204-213.LI Yuan,LIU Gang,LONG Jingkui.Numerical analysis of theory of pre-stress synergetic support in deep mine roadway[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2011,28(2):204-213.
[2]柴肇云,康天合,李义宝,等.特厚煤层大断面切眼锚索支护的作用[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(7):732-737.CHAI Zhaoyun,KANG Tianhe,LI Yibao,et al.Anchoring effect of extremely thick coal seam large section roadway for cable bolts supporting[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2008,33(7):732-737.
[3]张农,王成,高明仕,等.淮南矿区深部煤巷支护难度分级及控制对策[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(12):2421-2428.ZHANG Nong,WANG Cheng,GAO Mingshi,et al.Roadway support difficulty classiifcation and controlling techniques for Huainan deep coal mining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(12):2421-2428.
[4]康红普.煤巷锚杆支护成套技术研究与实践[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(21):3959-3964.KANG Hongpu.Study and application of complete rock bolting technology to coal roadway[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(21):3959-3964.
[5]孟庆彬,韩立军,乔卫国,等.大断面软弱破碎围岩煤巷演化规律与控制技术[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(8):1885-1895.MENG Qingbin,HAN Lijun,QIAO Weiguo,et al.Evolution law and control technology of surrounding rock for weak and broken coal roadway with large cross section[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(8):1885-1895.
[6]张俊文,袁瑞甫,李玉琳.厚泥岩复合顶板煤巷围岩控制技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(1):152-158.ZHANG Junwen,YUAN Ruifu,LI Yulin.Research on surrounding rock control of coal roadway with thick mudstone compound roof[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(1):152-158.
[7]何满潮,齐干,程骋,等.深部复合顶板煤巷变形破坏机制及耦合支护设计[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):987-993.HE Manchao,QI Gan,CHENG Cheng,et al.Deformation and damage mechanisms and coupling support design in deep coal roadway with compound roof[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):987-993.
[8]袁亮.淮南矿区煤巷稳定性分类及工程对策[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(S2):4790-4794.YUAN Liang.Stability classification of coal roads in Huainan mining area and engineering countermeasures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(S2):4790-4794.
[9]康红普,王金华,林健.煤矿巷道锚杆支护应用实例分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(4):649-664.KANG Hongpu,WANG Jinhua,LIN Jian.Case studies of rock bolting in coal mine roadways[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(4):649-664.
[10]柏建彪,侯朝炯,杜木民,等.复合顶板极软煤层巷道锚杆支护技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(1):53-56.BAI Jianbiao,HOU Chaojiong,DU Mumin,et al.On bolting support of roadway in extremely soft seam of coal mine with complex roof[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2001,20(1):53-56.
[11]姜耀东,王宏伟,赵毅鑫,等.极软岩回采巷道互补控制支护技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(12):2383-2390.JIANG Yaodong,WANG Hongwei,ZHAO Yixin,et al.Study of complementary supporting technology of extremely soft rock mining roadway[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(12):2383-2390.
[12]高明仕,郭春生,李江锋,等.厚层松软复合顶板煤巷梯次支护力学原理及应用[J].中国矿业大学学报,2011,40(3):333-338.GAO Mingshi,GUO Chunsheng,LI Jiangfeng,et al.Mechanical principles and application of a multi-length support technology to a coal roadway with thick soft combined roof during deep mining[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2011,40(3):333-338.
[13]杨峰,王连国,贺安民,等.复合顶板的破坏机理与锚杆支护技术[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2008,25(3):286-289.YANG Feng,WANG Lianguo,HE Anmin,et al.Failure mechanism and bolting support technique of complex roof[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2008,25(3):286-289.
[14]刘红岗,贺永年,韩立军,等.深井煤巷卸压孔与锚网联合支护的模拟与实践[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2006,23(3):258-263.LIU Honggang,HE Yongnian,HAN Lijun,et al.Numerical simulation and industrial test for combined support of pressure-relief boreholes with bolt-mesh in deep coal tunnel[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2006,23(3):258-263.
[15]南培珠,房姗姗,王金安.松软破碎煤巷锚网支护关键参数识别与优化[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(8):1037-1042.NAN Peizhu,PANG Shanshan,WANG Jin’an.Discernment and optimization on the key parameters of bolt-mesh support in the crushed soft roadway[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(8):1037-1042.
[16]王琦,李术才,李为腾,等.让压型锚索箱梁支护系统组合构件耦合性能分析及应用[J].岩土力学,2012,33(11):3374-3384.WANG Qi,LI Shucai,LI Weiteng,et al.Analysis of combination components coupling of pressure relief anchor box beam support system and application[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(11):3374-3384.
[17]李云.三软煤巷梁-拱锚固结构形成机制与承载特性研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2013:37-64.LI Yun.Study on formation mechanism and bearing behavior of beam-arch anchorage structure in three-soft coal roadway[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2013:37-64.
[18]沈明荣,陈建峰.岩体力学[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2006:175-177.
[19]侯朝炯,郭励生,勾攀峰.煤巷锚杆支护[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1999:7-11.
[20]田洪铭,陈卫忠,谭贤君,等.高地应力软岩隧道合理支护方案研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(11):2285-2292.TIAN Hongming,CHEN Weizhong,TAN Xianjun,et al.Study of reasonable support scheme for soft rock tunnel in high geostress zone[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(11):2285-2292.
[21]周毅,李术才,李利平,等.地层条件对超大断面隧道软弱破碎围岩施工影响过程规律的数值模拟分析[J].岩土力学,2011,32(S2):673-678.ZHOU Yi,LI Shucai,LI Liping,et al.Study of influence of formation conditions on construction process rules of ultralarge section and weak broken wall rock tunnel by numerical simulation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(S2):673-678.
[22]李元,刘刚,龙景奎.深部巷道预应力协同支护数值分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2011,28(2):204-213.LI Yuan,LIU Gang,LONG Jingkui.Numerical analysis of theory of pre-stress synergetic support in deep mine roadway[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2011,28(2):204-213.