高架城市及其城市空间发展的三层结构模式
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摘要
随着城市建设规模的不断扩大,城市交通拥堵、停车难及汽车尾气伴生的环境污染、热岛效应等问题日趋严重,已成为未来城市发展的瓶颈问题。近年来,全方位开发利用地下空间的呼声日渐升高,其中包括地下交通、地下商业空间、地下基础设施,甚至地下人居环境等,然而,人类需要阳光、雨露、空气,甚至风、雨、雪等自然生态。笔者认为,地下空间发展应该遵循的最基本原则,就是最大限度地满足人类生态环境的自然回归。基于这一理念,本文提出了以人为本的高架城市理念,通过人类活动空间层(高架层)、交通空间层(地面层)和地下基础设施空间层(地下层)的三层式空间结构,形成人居活动空间上移、影响人居活动的基础设施下移的城市规划建设新模式,为有效破解城市交通拥堵、人居活动空间短缺、城市空气污染等当代城市"综合征"提供新的思路。
With the expansion of urban construction scale,the ensuing problems,such as traffic congestion,parking difficulty,automobile exhaust pollution and heat island effect,are increasingly serious and have become the bottleneck hindering further urban development. Recently,the voice for exploiting and utilizing underground space synthetically has been growing louder and the possible underground facilities involve transportation, business,infrastructure,residential environment and so on. However,the natural ecosystem,which includes sunlight,dew,atmosphere,wind,rain,snow,etc.,is indispensable for human life. This paper holds that the most basic principle for the development of underground space is to achieve the regression of human beings to the natural ecological environment to the greatest extent possible. Therefore,the people-oriented elevated city concept has been proposed.That is to develop a new mode for urban planning and construction by elevating the living space and lowering the infrastructure which may cause inconvenience to human activities through constructing the three-layer space structure composed of human activity layer( elevated layer), transportation layer( surface layer) and underground infrastructure layer( underground layer). This new mode can provide an effective solution for solving the current urban"syndrome"including traffic congestion,shortage of human living space,air pollution and so on.
With the expansion of urban construction scale,the ensuing problems,such as traffic congestion,parking difficulty,automobile exhaust pollution and heat island effect,are increasingly serious and have become the bottleneck hindering further urban development. Recently,the voice for exploiting and utilizing underground space synthetically has been growing louder and the possible underground facilities involve transportation, business,infrastructure,residential environment and so on. However,the natural ecosystem,which includes sunlight,dew,atmosphere,wind,rain,snow,etc.,is indispensable for human life. This paper holds that the most basic principle for the development of underground space is to achieve the regression of human beings to the natural ecological environment to the greatest extent possible. Therefore,the people-oriented elevated city concept has been proposed.That is to develop a new mode for urban planning and construction by elevating the living space and lowering the infrastructure which may cause inconvenience to human activities through constructing the three-layer space structure composed of human activity layer( elevated layer), transportation layer( surface layer) and underground infrastructure layer( underground layer). This new mode can provide an effective solution for solving the current urban"syndrome"including traffic congestion,shortage of human living space,air pollution and so on.
引文
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[14]陈阳.哈尔滨市城市地下空间开发利用规划探析[J].规划师,2011,27(7):48-52.(Chen Yang.Exploration and analysis of urban underground space development and utilization in Harbin city[J].Planners,2011,27(7):48-52.(in Chinese))
[15]刘定惠,谭术魁,朱超洪.城市土地集约化利用的对策探讨[J].湖北大学学报(自然科学版),2003,25(4):356-359.(Liu Dinghui,Tan Shukui,Zhu Chaohong.Study on the countermeasures of intensive utilization of urban land[J].Journal of Hubei University(Natural Science Edition),2003,25(4):356-359.(in Chinese))
[2]董国良.JD模式:破解城市发展难题的有效举措[J].国家治理,2016,37(11):33-39.(Dong Guoliang.JD Model:the effective measures to solve the problem of the urban development[J].National Governance,2016,37(11):33-39.(in Chinese))
[3]王国建.在《中国城市建设可持续发展战略研究》启动会上的讲话[R](王静、蒋楠、周霖整理).南京:东南建研中心,2017.(Wang Guojian.The Speech at the launch of the sustainable development strategy research of China urban construction[R].(Organized by Wang Jing,Jiang Nan,Zhou Lin).Nanjing:Southeast Construction Research Center,2017.(in Chinese)).
[4]陈志龙,王玉北.城市地下空间规划[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2005.(Chen Zhilong,Wang Yubei,Plan of underground space in City[M].Nanjing:Southeastern University Press,2005.(in Chinese))
[5]高峰.城市化建设不可破坏人居环境[J].绿色中国.2014(7):52-53.(Gao Feng.The urbanization construction can not destroy the living environment[J].Green China,2014(7):52-53.(in Chinese))
[6]范轶芳,杨励雅.停车场资源优化配置-基于城市空间视[J].首都经济大学学报,2013(3):100-105.(Fan Yifang,Yang Liya.Optimizing the parking resources allocation from the perspective of urban space[J].Journal of Capital Economics and Trade University,2013(3):100-105.(in Chinese))
[7]曲凌夫.汽车与环境污染[J].生态经济,2010(7):146-149.(Qu Lingfu Automobile and environmental pollution[J].Ecological Economy,2010(7):146-149.(in Chinese))
[8]曹生龙.开发研制用于市政综合管廊的新型混凝土涵管-为建设“美丽中国”助力[J].混凝土与水泥制品,2013(4):21-28.(Cao Shenglong.The development and development of a new type of concrete pipe for municipal comprehensive tube corridor-for the construction of"beautiful China"[J].China Concrete and Cement Products,2013(4):21-28.(in Chinese))
[9]莫琳,俞孔坚.构建城市绿色海绵-生态雨洪调蓄系统规划研究[J].城市发展研究,2012,19(5):4-8.(Mo Lin,Yu Kongjian.Structure the urban green sponge:study on planning an ecological stormwater regulation system[J].Urban Studies,2012,19(5):4-8.(in Chinese))
[10]石帅,王海涛,王晓琪.预制装配式结构在建筑领域的应用[J].施工技术,2014,43(15):16-20.(Shi Shuai,Wang Haitao,Wang Xiaoqi.Application of prefabricated structures in the buildings[J].Construction Technology,2014,43(15):16-20.(in Chinese))
[11]罗周全,刘望平,刘晓明,等.城市地下空间开发效益分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2007,3(1):5-8.(Luo Zhouquan,Liu Wangping,Liu Xiaoming,et al.Benefit analysis of urban underground space[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2007,3(1):5-8.(in Chinese))
[12]陆明.对城市轨道交通高架线路的思考[J].综合运输,2009(8):32-34.(Lu Ming.Thinking about urban rail transit elevated line[J].Integrated Transport,2009(8):32-34.(in Chinese))
[13]王耀斌,李世武,胡明.城市停车场的规划与设计[J].吉林工业大学自然科学学报,2001,31(3):98-101.(Wang Yaobin,Li Shiwu,Hu Ming.Planning&designing for city car park[J].Natural Science Journal of Jilin University of Technology,2001,31(3):98-101.(in Chinese))
[14]陈阳.哈尔滨市城市地下空间开发利用规划探析[J].规划师,2011,27(7):48-52.(Chen Yang.Exploration and analysis of urban underground space development and utilization in Harbin city[J].Planners,2011,27(7):48-52.(in Chinese))
[15]刘定惠,谭术魁,朱超洪.城市土地集约化利用的对策探讨[J].湖北大学学报(自然科学版),2003,25(4):356-359.(Liu Dinghui,Tan Shukui,Zhu Chaohong.Study on the countermeasures of intensive utilization of urban land[J].Journal of Hubei University(Natural Science Edition),2003,25(4):356-359.(in Chinese))