植物提取液对城市生活垃圾中转站VOCs的去除效果研究
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摘要
在上海虎林基地垃圾中转站卸料车间设置采样点,采用吸附管采样-热脱附/气相色谱-质谱法检测空气中的挥发性有机物(VOCs)浓度,研究植物提取液对于VOCs处理效果的季节特征。结果表明:在定性分析中检测出了82种VOCs,涵盖了烷烃类、烯烃类、芳香烃类、卤代烃类、醇类、醛类、酮类和萜类等物质,通过对28种主要VOCs的定量分析,可以发现1年四季中春季乙醇浓度测定值最高,达到了813.64μg/m~3,夏季、秋季、冬季浓度测定值分别达到了659.84,153.67,479.92μg/m~3。同时季节的差异会影响植物提取液对空气中VOCs的去除率,春季、夏季、秋季和冬季的去除率分别为50.48%、41.46%、64.54%和53.32%,其中二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷和正丁醇的季节平均去除率分别达到77.06%、76.68%和73.35%。
Some sampling sites were established at unloading workshop in Hulin Base Garbage Transfer Station,Shanghai. The concentrations of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) were detected by GC-MS with thermal desorption, and seasonal characteristics of VOCs were treated by plant extracts. The results showed that 82 kinds of VOCs were detected after qualitative analysis,including alkanes,alkenes,aromatic hydrocarbon,halohydrocarbon,alcohols,aldehyde,ketones and terpene.Based on the quantitative analysis of 28 main VOCs in a whole year,it was found that the concentration of ethanol was the hightest and reached up to 813. 64 μg/m~3 in spring. And the concentrations of ethanol were up to 659. 84 μg/m~3 in summer,and in autumn and winter were also up to 153. 67 μg/m~3 and 479. 92 μg/m~3,respectively. The difference of the seasons would affect the removal rate of VOCs. The removal rates in spring,summer,autumn and winter were up to 50. 48%,41. 46%,64. 54% and 53. 32%,respectively. And the average removal rates of dichloromethane,dichloroethane and butyl alcohol were up to 77. 06%,76. 68% and 73. 35%,respectively.
Some sampling sites were established at unloading workshop in Hulin Base Garbage Transfer Station,Shanghai. The concentrations of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) were detected by GC-MS with thermal desorption, and seasonal characteristics of VOCs were treated by plant extracts. The results showed that 82 kinds of VOCs were detected after qualitative analysis,including alkanes,alkenes,aromatic hydrocarbon,halohydrocarbon,alcohols,aldehyde,ketones and terpene.Based on the quantitative analysis of 28 main VOCs in a whole year,it was found that the concentration of ethanol was the hightest and reached up to 813. 64 μg/m~3 in spring. And the concentrations of ethanol were up to 659. 84 μg/m~3 in summer,and in autumn and winter were also up to 153. 67 μg/m~3 and 479. 92 μg/m~3,respectively. The difference of the seasons would affect the removal rate of VOCs. The removal rates in spring,summer,autumn and winter were up to 50. 48%,41. 46%,64. 54% and 53. 32%,respectively. And the average removal rates of dichloromethane,dichloroethane and butyl alcohol were up to 77. 06%,76. 68% and 73. 35%,respectively.
引文
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[18]侯绪瑞,张倚马,林杰,等.植物液智能空间雾化系统在小型垃圾压缩站除臭效果评价[C]//全国恶臭污染测试与控制技术研讨会,2012.
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[20]张超群,王文婷,谢冰.植物提取液对城市垃圾中转站恶臭物质的处理效果[J].城市环境与城市生态,2014(5):7-10.
[21]吕永,郑曼英,叶晓玫.生活垃圾转运站恶臭污染指标初探[J].中国环境监测,2008,24(4):49-53.
[22]王连生,王亘,韩萌,等.天津市城市垃圾臭气成分谱[J].城市环境与城市生态,2009(2):23-27.
[23]解清杰,吴荣芳,赵如今,等.国内植物提取液除臭剂的开发及其在污水厂的应用[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(23):10161-10163.
[2]孟霞.重庆市主城区垃圾转运站现状及对策[J].环境工程,2009,27(增刊1):421-424.
[3]王文婷.生活垃圾转运站恶臭污染控制示范工程[D].上海:华东师范大学,2013.
[4]胡前胜,陈成章,林忠宁,等.广州市垃圾压缩站环境影响分析研究[J].广州环境科学,2002(3):33-36.
[5]《空气和废气监测分析方法指南》编委会.空气和废气监测分析方法指南[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2006:210.
[6]潘齐,谷树茂,李恒庆,等.VOCs的危害、控制技术及防治对策[C]//全国二氧化硫氮氧化物汞污染防治技术暨细颗粒物,洛阳,2014.
[7]Belpomme D,Irigaray P L,Clapp R,et al.The multitude and diversity of environmental carcinogens[J].Environmental Research,2007,105(3):414.
[8]Cardoso B,Mestre A S,Carvalho A P,et al.Activated Carbon Derived from Cork Powder Waste by KOH Activation:Preparation,Characterization,and VOCs Adsorption[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research,2008,47(47):5841-5846.
[9]Pak S H,Jeon M J,Jeon Y W.Study of sulfuric acid treatment of activated carbon used to enhance mixed VOC removal[J].International Biodeterioration&Biodegradation,2016,113:195-200.
[10]解立平,林伟刚,杨学民.废弃物基活性炭对VOCs废气的治理[J].环境工程,2006,24(2):34-36.
[11]Belaissaoui B,Moullec Y L,Favre E.Energy efficiency of a hybrid membrane/condensation process for VOC(Volatile Organic Compounds)recovery from air:A generic approach[J].Energy,2016,95:291-302.
[12]Zhang Zhixiang,Jiang Zheng,Shangguan Wenfeng.Low-temperature catalysis for VOCs removal in technology and application:A state-ofthe-art review[J].Catalysis Today,2015,264:270-278.
[13]Biard P F,Couvert A,Renner C,et al.Intensification of volatile organic compounds mass transfer in a compact scrubber using the O3/H2O2advanced oxidation process:Kinetic study and hydroxyl radical tracking[J].Chemosphere,2011,85(7):1122-1129.
[14]Jiang Nan,Qiu Cheng,Guo Lianjie,et al.Post plasma-catalysis of low concentration VOC over alumina-supported silver catalysts in a surface/packed-bed hybrid discharge reactor[J].Water Air&Soil Pollution,2017,228(3):113.
[15]Kim K H,Szulejko J E,Kumar P,et al.Air ionization as a control technology for off-gas emissions of volatile organic compounds[J].Environmental Pollution,2017,225:729-743.
[16]Sallem-Idrissi N,Vanderghem C,Pacary T,et al.Lignin degradation and stability:Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)analysis throughout processing[J].Polymer Degradation&Stability,2016,130:30-37.
[17]陈俊,彭淑婧,马华敏,等.南京某生活垃圾转运站臭气治理[J].中国给水排水,2015,45(20):101-103.
[18]侯绪瑞,张倚马,林杰,等.植物液智能空间雾化系统在小型垃圾压缩站除臭效果评价[C]//全国恶臭污染测试与控制技术研讨会,2012.
[19]Sallem-Idrissi N,Vanderghem C,Pacary T,et al.Lignin degradation and stability:Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)analysis throughout processing[J].Polymer Degradation&Stability,2016,130:30-37.
[20]张超群,王文婷,谢冰.植物提取液对城市垃圾中转站恶臭物质的处理效果[J].城市环境与城市生态,2014(5):7-10.
[21]吕永,郑曼英,叶晓玫.生活垃圾转运站恶臭污染指标初探[J].中国环境监测,2008,24(4):49-53.
[22]王连生,王亘,韩萌,等.天津市城市垃圾臭气成分谱[J].城市环境与城市生态,2009(2):23-27.
[23]解清杰,吴荣芳,赵如今,等.国内植物提取液除臭剂的开发及其在污水厂的应用[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(23):10161-10163.