摘要
针对高寒煤矿区植被恢复问题,选取木里煤田江仓矿区渣山不同年限(1、3、5年)覆土人工植被建植样地为对象,分析了不同恢复年限高寒露天煤矿区渣山植被与土壤特征。结果表明:与恢复1年相比,恢复3年的植被地上生物量显著增加(P<0.05),恢复5年的植被高度、盖度、地上生物量、种子数量及幼苗高度与盖度均显著增加(P<0.05);除土壤全钾外,土壤理化性质随恢复时间增长而改善(P <0. 05),土壤细菌数量下降19%(P<0.05),土壤真菌与放线菌数量均显著增长(P<0.05)。相关性分析表明,除pH值外,土壤理化性质与植被特征之间相关性显著,土壤真菌、放线菌与土壤氮素、有机质及含水量显著相关(P<0.05)。高寒地区矿区植被恢复过程中土壤物理性质的恢复滞后于化学性质。因此,为加快高寒露天煤矿区渣山植被恢复,在植被建植初期应施加足量有机肥并适时追施化肥。
To understand vegetation restoration in alpine coal mining area,we investigated the vegetation and soil characteristics of sites with soil inoculation under different restoration durations( 1,3,and 5 years) in Jiangcang mining area of Muli Coal Field. The results showed that,compared with one-year duration of restoration,the aboveground biomass of vegetation was significantly increased three years after restoration( P<0.05). The vegetation height, coverage,aboveground biomass,seed number,and seeding height and coverage were significantly higher after five years restoration( P<0.05). Except soil total K, soil physicochemical properties improved over time( P<0.05). The abundance of soil bacteria decreased by 19%( P<0.05),while that of soil fungi and actinomycetes significantly increased( P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that soil physicochemical properties( except soil p H) were significantly correlated with vegetation characteristics. The abundance of soil fungi and actinomycetes was significantly correlated with soil nitrogen,organic matter and water content( P<0.05). Our results indicated that the recovery of soil physical properties lagged behind chemical properties during vegetation restoration in alpine coal mining region. In the early stage of restoration,application of enough organic fertilizer combined timely addition of chemical fertilizer would accelerate the restoration of vegetation in alpine coal mining area.
引文
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