保水剂施用方式对杨树苗根系特性和生长及土壤酶活性的影响
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摘要
为探讨在减量灌溉条件下保水剂不同施用方式对杨树根系特性与生长的作用效果,通过盆栽试验研究了在常规灌溉量60%的条件下单施尿素(U)、单施保水剂(S)、保水剂-尿素混施(SUM)与保水剂-尿素凝胶(SUG)等处理对杨树苗根系特性、土壤酶活性及生长的影响。结果表明:与U处理相比,SUG处理显著提高了杨树苗根系活力、根系总吸收面积与活跃吸收面积及根系分泌物含量;同时,SUG处理明显增强了根际土壤脲酶、脱氢酶、多酚氧化酶和蔗糖酶活性。此外,该处理还显著促进了杨树苗株高与地径的生长。与SUG处理相比,S、SUM处理对杨树苗根系特性与生长的影响作用较小。在减量灌溉条件下施用保水剂的3种方式中,保水剂-尿素凝胶方式更利于改善杨树苗根系特性和增强土壤酶活性,并促进生长。
The paper aims to explore the effects of different application methods of super absorbent polymers(SAPs) on root characters and growth of Populus euramericana‘Neva'seedlings under the condition of reducing the irrigation amount. Based on a pot experiment including 5 treatments, i.e. CK(neither fertilizer nor SAP was applied), U(urea was applied alone), S(SAP was applied alone), SUM(SAP was mixed with urea) and SUG(gel was made of SAP and urea), we studied the effects of application methods of SAPs on root characters and growth of Populus euramericana‘Neva'seedlings, and enzyme activities of rhizosphere soil. The results indicated that: compared with U treatment, the SUG treatment obviously improved the root activity, the total absorption area and the active absorption area of root, and the root exudate content of Populus euramericana‘Neva'seedlings, meanwhile, SUG treatment obviously enhanced the activity of urease, dehydrogenase,polyphenol oxidase and invertase, additionally, the SUG treatment significantly promoted the growth of plant height and ground diameter. However, S and SUM treatments had less effect on the root characters and growth of Populus euramericana‘Neva'seedlings compared with SUG treatment. As a result, among the 3 application methods of SAPs, SUG treatment is beneficial to improving the root characters, enzyme activities, and promoting the growth of Populus euramericana‘Neva'seedlings under the condition of reducing the irrigation amount.
The paper aims to explore the effects of different application methods of super absorbent polymers(SAPs) on root characters and growth of Populus euramericana‘Neva'seedlings under the condition of reducing the irrigation amount. Based on a pot experiment including 5 treatments, i.e. CK(neither fertilizer nor SAP was applied), U(urea was applied alone), S(SAP was applied alone), SUM(SAP was mixed with urea) and SUG(gel was made of SAP and urea), we studied the effects of application methods of SAPs on root characters and growth of Populus euramericana‘Neva'seedlings, and enzyme activities of rhizosphere soil. The results indicated that: compared with U treatment, the SUG treatment obviously improved the root activity, the total absorption area and the active absorption area of root, and the root exudate content of Populus euramericana‘Neva'seedlings, meanwhile, SUG treatment obviously enhanced the activity of urease, dehydrogenase,polyphenol oxidase and invertase, additionally, the SUG treatment significantly promoted the growth of plant height and ground diameter. However, S and SUM treatments had less effect on the root characters and growth of Populus euramericana‘Neva'seedlings compared with SUG treatment. As a result, among the 3 application methods of SAPs, SUG treatment is beneficial to improving the root characters, enzyme activities, and promoting the growth of Populus euramericana‘Neva'seedlings under the condition of reducing the irrigation amount.
引文
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[5]刘方春,马海林,马丙尧,等.容器基质育苗中保水剂对白蜡生长及养分和干物质积累的影响[J].林业科学,2011,47(9):62-68.
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[9]井大炜,邢尚军,刘方春,等.保水剂-尿素凝胶对侧柏裸根苗细根生长和氮素利用率的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(4):1046-1052.
[10]任昊,程乙,刘鹏,等.不同栽培模式对夏玉米根系性能及产量和氮素利用的影响[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(12):2270-2281.
[11]井大炜,王明友,马海林,等.促进欧美I-107杨生长并提高根际土壤微生物多样性的适宜根剪位置[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(3):833-840.
[12]吴传发,韩燕来,文倩,等.保水剂与秸秆深施对砂质潮土水肥状况及小麦产量的影响[J].土壤通报,2017,48(3):692-700.
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[14]Wang XP,Zabowski D.Nutrient composition of Douglas-fir rhizosphere and bulk soil solutions[J].Plant Soil,1998,200(1):13-20.
[15]马海林,刘方春,马丙尧,等.保水剂对侧柏容器苗根际土壤微生物种群结构及干旱适应能力的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2016,22(1):43-48.
[16]吴林坤,林向民,林文雄.根系分泌物介导下植物-土壤-微生物互作关系研究进展与展望[J].植物生态学报,2014,38(3):298-310.
[17]井大炜,王明友,张红,等.蚯蚓粪配施尿素对豇豆根系特征与根际土腐殖质的影响[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(1):212-219.
[18]张承,王秋萍,周开拓,等.猕猴桃园套种吉祥草对土壤酶活性及果实产量、品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(8):1556-1567.
[19]赵霞,王浩然,何宁,等.农艺措施和保水剂对夏玉米产量和根际生物活性的影响[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(33):43-48.
[20]李倩,巴图,刘景辉,等.保水剂施用方式对土壤酶活性及马铃薯产量的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2017,45(5):116-122.
[2]黄艺,黄木柯,柴立伟,等.干旱半干旱区土壤微生物空间分布格局的成因[J].生态环境学报,2018,27(1):191-198.
[3]李佳,刘立云,李艳,等.保水剂对干旱胁迫槟榔幼苗生理特征的影响[J].南方农业学报,2018,49(1):104-108.
[4]魏天军,李百云.水肥调控对宁夏旱砂地枣树生长发育的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(16):287-291.
[5]刘方春,马海林,马丙尧,等.容器基质育苗中保水剂对白蜡生长及养分和干物质积累的影响[J].林业科学,2011,47(9):62-68.
[6]班卫强,尹林克,严成.不同技术措施对梭梭免灌造林成活率的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(7):141-144.
[7]李庆梅,侯龙鱼,刘艳,等.石质山地君迁子直播造林试验[J].北京林业大学学报,2009,31(6):72-76.
[8]韩艳英,叶彦辉,张昆林,等.不同造林技术措施对藏川杨生理生化特性的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2012,27(6):101-104.
[9]井大炜,邢尚军,刘方春,等.保水剂-尿素凝胶对侧柏裸根苗细根生长和氮素利用率的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(4):1046-1052.
[10]任昊,程乙,刘鹏,等.不同栽培模式对夏玉米根系性能及产量和氮素利用的影响[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(12):2270-2281.
[11]井大炜,王明友,马海林,等.促进欧美I-107杨生长并提高根际土壤微生物多样性的适宜根剪位置[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(3):833-840.
[12]吴传发,韩燕来,文倩,等.保水剂与秸秆深施对砂质潮土水肥状况及小麦产量的影响[J].土壤通报,2017,48(3):692-700.
[13]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[14]Wang XP,Zabowski D.Nutrient composition of Douglas-fir rhizosphere and bulk soil solutions[J].Plant Soil,1998,200(1):13-20.
[15]马海林,刘方春,马丙尧,等.保水剂对侧柏容器苗根际土壤微生物种群结构及干旱适应能力的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2016,22(1):43-48.
[16]吴林坤,林向民,林文雄.根系分泌物介导下植物-土壤-微生物互作关系研究进展与展望[J].植物生态学报,2014,38(3):298-310.
[17]井大炜,王明友,张红,等.蚯蚓粪配施尿素对豇豆根系特征与根际土腐殖质的影响[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(1):212-219.
[18]张承,王秋萍,周开拓,等.猕猴桃园套种吉祥草对土壤酶活性及果实产量、品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(8):1556-1567.
[19]赵霞,王浩然,何宁,等.农艺措施和保水剂对夏玉米产量和根际生物活性的影响[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(33):43-48.
[20]李倩,巴图,刘景辉,等.保水剂施用方式对土壤酶活性及马铃薯产量的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2017,45(5):116-122.