系统功能语言学视角下建构对立的意义生成
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摘要
语篇作者使用体现语义对立的语言资源,如反义词、平行结构、转折连接语等,在具体语境中,将两个实体或事件建构为对立关系。这种临时性对立的创建,即"建构对立"用于更好地呈现命题和立场,加强与读者的互动。本文在系统功能语言学框架内分析语篇中建构对立的概念意义、人际意义和语篇意义。研究表明:在当前语场中插入与主题对立的参与者或过程能更详尽地呈现语篇主题的概念意义,从而有利于读者理解;在人际意义层面,否定结构引发的对立意义能排除读者可能性预期,相反,态度意义资源引发的对立意义有利于与读者进行情感、社会行为判定、产品鉴赏等方面的协商;在语篇意义层面,建构对立使语篇布局、信息状态以及语篇衔接机制更利于读者理解。
Text writers use some resources,which realize the semantic opposition,such as opposites,parallel structure,conjunction for adversity,to create a particular context in which two entities or events can be constructed as opposites. The construction of temporary opposites(constructed opposition) better presents propositions as well as writers' stance. In the framework of meta-functions in Systemic Functional Linguistics,this paper analyses the ideational,interpersonal and textual meaning of the constructed opposites. The analysis shows that the opposite participants and process types inserted in the field can present more detailed ideational meanings; interpersonally,negation as triggers can exclude readers' possible expectations,and lexis with opposite meanings help to negotiate appraisal meanings such as affect,judgment of behavior or appreciation of product; textually,constructed opposition helps to arrange reader-friendly text structure,information state and cohesion mechanism.
Text writers use some resources,which realize the semantic opposition,such as opposites,parallel structure,conjunction for adversity,to create a particular context in which two entities or events can be constructed as opposites. The construction of temporary opposites(constructed opposition) better presents propositions as well as writers' stance. In the framework of meta-functions in Systemic Functional Linguistics,this paper analyses the ideational,interpersonal and textual meaning of the constructed opposites. The analysis shows that the opposite participants and process types inserted in the field can present more detailed ideational meanings; interpersonally,negation as triggers can exclude readers' possible expectations,and lexis with opposite meanings help to negotiate appraisal meanings such as affect,judgment of behavior or appreciation of product; textually,constructed opposition helps to arrange reader-friendly text structure,information state and cohesion mechanism.
引文
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Xiao,Y.,Wong,K.-F.Exploring Heritage Language Anxiety:A Study of Chinese Heritage Language Learners[J].The Modern Language Journal,2014(2).
韩礼德.功能语法导论[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2010.‖Halliday,M.A.K.An Introduction to Functional Grammar[M].Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2010.
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苗兴伟.否定结构的语篇功能[J].外语教学与研究,2011(2).‖Miao,X.-W.Textual Functions of Negative Constructions[J].Foreign Language Teaching and Research,2011(2).
Bowles,M.A.,Toth,P.D.,Adams,R.J.A Comparison of L2-L2 and L2-heritage Learner Interactions in Spanish Language Classrooms[J].The Modern Language Journal,2014(2).
Davies,M.Oppositions and Ideology in News Discourse[M].London:Bloomsbury Academic,2013.
Eisenstein,J.Systematic Patterning in Phonologically Motivated Orthographic Variation[J].Journal of Sociolinguistics,2015(2).
Eskildsen,S.W.,Wagner,J.Embodied L2 Construction Learning[J].Language Learning,2015(2).
Francis,G.Labelling Discourse:An Aspect of Nominal-group Lexical Cohesion[A].In:Coulthard,M.(Ed.),Advances in Written Text Analysis[C].London:Routledge,1994.
Givón,T.English Grammar:A Function-based Introduction[M].Amsterdam:John Benjamins Publication,1993.
Halliday,M.A.K.An Introduction to Functional Grammar[M].London:Arnold,1985.
Halliday,M.A.K.An Introduction to Functional Grammar[M].London:Arnold,1994.
Halliday,M.A.K.,Matthiessen,C.M.I.M.An Introduction to Functional Grammar[M].London:Arnold,2004.
Janssen,C.,Segers,E.,McQueen,J.M.,Verhoeven,L.Lexical Specificity Training Effects in Second Language Learners[J].Language Learning,2015(2).
Jeffries,L.Opposition in Discourse:The Construction of Oppositional Meaning[M].London:Continuum,2010.
Jones,S.Antonymy:A Corpus-based Perspective[M].London:Routledge,2002.
Lee,S.Creaky Voice as a Phonational Device Marking Parenthetical Segments in Talk[J].Journal of Sociolinguistics,2015(3).
Mann,W.C.,Thompson,S.A.Relational Propositions in Discourse[J].Discourse Processes,1986(1).
Martin,J.R.Beyond Exchange:Appraisal Systems in English[A].In:Hunston,S.,Thompson,G.(Eds.),E-valuation in Text[C].Oxford:OUP,2001.
Martin,J.R.,Rose,D.Working with Discourse[M].London:Continuum,2007.
Martin,J.R.,White,P.R.The Language of Evaluation:Appraisal in English[M].London:Continuum,2005.
Palmer,D.,Mateus,S.G.,Martínez,R.A.,Henderson,K.Reframing the Debate on Language Separation:Toward a Vision for Translanguaging Pedagogies in the Dual Language Classroom[J].The Modern Language Journal,2014(3).
Shakespeare,W.A Midsummer Night's Dream[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2003.
Xiao,Y.,Wong,K.-F.Exploring Heritage Language Anxiety:A Study of Chinese Heritage Language Learners[J].The Modern Language Journal,2014(2).