中国手语动词构词中的隐喻机制研究
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摘要
将中国手语动词进行概念意义分类,手语动词主要含有动作行为动词、抽象动词和言语动词等。通过文献和田野调查两种方法展开研究,收集并观察手语数据,研究发现在中国手语动词中,抽象动词和言语动词广泛借助隐喻机制进行构词,而且两者在构词过程中存在与听人共享的隐喻概念,比如交流是传递、想法是物体以及容器隐喻等。而动作行为动词往往利用与现实中具体行为动作之间的同形或类似,借助象似性来完成构词。
Chinese sign language verbs are mainly divided into three categories based on their conceptual meanings: abstract verbs,human action verbs and speech verbs. It is found that deaf people often resort to the specific objects,movements,space or locations to express the abstract concepts,so in abstract verbs and speech verbs,metaphorical mechanism is widely used. In the process of word formation for these two types of verbs,there are metaphorical concepts shared with hearing people,such as "communicating is sending","idea is object",container metaphor,etc. The human action verbs refer to verbs expressing the body experience that human body can directly experience through the physical world; in this type of verbs,deaf people use the similarities between the verbs and the specific human actions to express human action verbs and there is iconicity existing in the word formation of human action verbs.
Chinese sign language verbs are mainly divided into three categories based on their conceptual meanings: abstract verbs,human action verbs and speech verbs. It is found that deaf people often resort to the specific objects,movements,space or locations to express the abstract concepts,so in abstract verbs and speech verbs,metaphorical mechanism is widely used. In the process of word formation for these two types of verbs,there are metaphorical concepts shared with hearing people,such as "communicating is sending","idea is object",container metaphor,etc. The human action verbs refer to verbs expressing the body experience that human body can directly experience through the physical world; in this type of verbs,deaf people use the similarities between the verbs and the specific human actions to express human action verbs and there is iconicity existing in the word formation of human action verbs.
引文
[1] George L,Mark J. Metaphors we live by[M]. Chicago:The Chicago University Press,1980:1-4.
[2]蓝纯.认知语言学与隐喻研究[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2005:111-113.
[3] Raymond W,Gibbs J. Figurative thought and figurative language[J]. Handbook of Psycholinguistics,1994:411-446.
[4] McNeill D. Hand and mind:What gestures reveal about thought.[J]. Leonardo,1992,27(4):81-82.
[5]刘润楠,杨松.试论手语词汇的任意性和理据性[J].中国特殊教育,2007(5):38-42.
[6] Wilcox P P. Metaphor in American sign language[M]. Washington,D.C.:Gallaudet University Press,2000:36-54.
[7] Michiko K,Rachel S S. Metaphor in sign language—the Routledge handbook of metaphor and language[M]. London:Rouledge,2016:263-279.
[8] Taub S F. Language from the body:iconicity and metaphor in American sign language[M]. England:Cambridge University Press,2001:43-60,98-137.
[9]刘鸿宇.上海手语动词的“体”语法范畴研究[J].中国特殊教育,2015(5):33-38.
[10]倪兰.手语动词调查报告[J].中国特殊教育,2013(7):42-48.
[11]龚千炎.现代汉语的时间系统[J].世界汉语教学,1994(1):1-6.
[12] Trumble W,Stevenson R. Shorter Oxford English dictionary[M]. 5th ed.上海:上海外语教育出版社,2004:1309.
[13]刘振前,霍兴花.日常语言的隐喻化特征与认知[J].莱阳农学院学报(社会科学版),2001,13(4):67-70.
[14]何宇茵,马赛.基于语料库的中国手语象似性研究[J].中国特殊教育,2010(9):53-57.
[15]中华人民共和国教育部,国家语言文字工作委员会,中国残疾人联合会.国家通用手语常用词表:GF 0020―2018[S].北京:华夏出版社,2018.
[16] Sweetser E E. Metaphorical models of thought and speech:a comparison of historical directions and metaphorical mappings in the two domains[C]//Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society. University of California,Berkeley,1987:444-459.
[17]冯英,李顺琴,彭媛.汉语义类词群的语义范畴及隐喻认知研究(一)[M].北京:北京语言大学出版社,2009.
[18]常仁.中国手语表达抽象概念的三种方式[J].现代特殊教育,2010(5):43.
[19] Roland P,Steinbach M,Bencie W. Sign language:an international handbook[M]. Berlin:De Gruyter Mouton,2012:388-410.
[20]李恒,吴铃.中国手语情感隐喻的认知研究[J].语言文字应用,2013(4):54-61.
[2]蓝纯.认知语言学与隐喻研究[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2005:111-113.
[3] Raymond W,Gibbs J. Figurative thought and figurative language[J]. Handbook of Psycholinguistics,1994:411-446.
[4] McNeill D. Hand and mind:What gestures reveal about thought.[J]. Leonardo,1992,27(4):81-82.
[5]刘润楠,杨松.试论手语词汇的任意性和理据性[J].中国特殊教育,2007(5):38-42.
[6] Wilcox P P. Metaphor in American sign language[M]. Washington,D.C.:Gallaudet University Press,2000:36-54.
[7] Michiko K,Rachel S S. Metaphor in sign language—the Routledge handbook of metaphor and language[M]. London:Rouledge,2016:263-279.
[8] Taub S F. Language from the body:iconicity and metaphor in American sign language[M]. England:Cambridge University Press,2001:43-60,98-137.
[9]刘鸿宇.上海手语动词的“体”语法范畴研究[J].中国特殊教育,2015(5):33-38.
[10]倪兰.手语动词调查报告[J].中国特殊教育,2013(7):42-48.
[11]龚千炎.现代汉语的时间系统[J].世界汉语教学,1994(1):1-6.
[12] Trumble W,Stevenson R. Shorter Oxford English dictionary[M]. 5th ed.上海:上海外语教育出版社,2004:1309.
[13]刘振前,霍兴花.日常语言的隐喻化特征与认知[J].莱阳农学院学报(社会科学版),2001,13(4):67-70.
[14]何宇茵,马赛.基于语料库的中国手语象似性研究[J].中国特殊教育,2010(9):53-57.
[15]中华人民共和国教育部,国家语言文字工作委员会,中国残疾人联合会.国家通用手语常用词表:GF 0020―2018[S].北京:华夏出版社,2018.
[16] Sweetser E E. Metaphorical models of thought and speech:a comparison of historical directions and metaphorical mappings in the two domains[C]//Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society. University of California,Berkeley,1987:444-459.
[17]冯英,李顺琴,彭媛.汉语义类词群的语义范畴及隐喻认知研究(一)[M].北京:北京语言大学出版社,2009.
[18]常仁.中国手语表达抽象概念的三种方式[J].现代特殊教育,2010(5):43.
[19] Roland P,Steinbach M,Bencie W. Sign language:an international handbook[M]. Berlin:De Gruyter Mouton,2012:388-410.
[20]李恒,吴铃.中国手语情感隐喻的认知研究[J].语言文字应用,2013(4):54-61.