淀粉基热塑性发泡材料的配方研究
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摘要
以玉米淀粉为基体、竹粉为增强体,甘油/邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)混合物作为增塑剂,偶氮二甲酰胺(AC)/氧化锌(ZnO)为发泡剂,聚乙烯醇(PVA)为相容剂,用注塑发泡法制备淀粉基热塑性发泡材料(NFSC)。通过研究不同助剂配比及添加量对NFSC的相容性、力学性能、塑化效果及发泡效果的影响,优化配方设计,改善材料性能,以得到高品质、轻量化的淀粉基热塑性发泡材料。研究表明:甘油/DOP质量比为6:1,且添加质量分数为30%时,NFSC的塑化效果良好;AC/ZnO质量比为2:1,且添加质量分数为3%时,NFSC的发泡效果良好;添加PVA质量分数约为11%时,竹粉与淀粉基体间界面相容性较好。
Using corn starch as matrix and bamboo powder as reinforcing body, glycerol/phthalates(DOP) mixed as plasticizer, Azo dimethylamine/zinc oxide(AC/ZnO) as foaming agent, polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) as compatibility agent, natural fiber reinforced starch composite(NFSC) was prepared by injection molding foaming method. By studying the effects of the ratio and addition of different auxiliaries on the compatibility, mechanical properties, plasticizing effect and foaming effect of NFSC, the formulation design was optimized to improve the properties of the materials in order to obtain high quality-lightweight starch based thermoplastic foaming materials. The results showed that the quality ratio of glycerin/DOP being 6:1, and when the quality fraction was added to 30%, the plasticizing effect of NFSC was good. The quality ratio of AC/ZnO being 2:1, and when the quality fraction was added to 3%, the foaming effect of NFSC was good, and when the quality fraction of PVA was about 11%, the interface compatibility between bamboo powder and starch matrix was better.
Using corn starch as matrix and bamboo powder as reinforcing body, glycerol/phthalates(DOP) mixed as plasticizer, Azo dimethylamine/zinc oxide(AC/ZnO) as foaming agent, polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) as compatibility agent, natural fiber reinforced starch composite(NFSC) was prepared by injection molding foaming method. By studying the effects of the ratio and addition of different auxiliaries on the compatibility, mechanical properties, plasticizing effect and foaming effect of NFSC, the formulation design was optimized to improve the properties of the materials in order to obtain high quality-lightweight starch based thermoplastic foaming materials. The results showed that the quality ratio of glycerin/DOP being 6:1, and when the quality fraction was added to 30%, the plasticizing effect of NFSC was good. The quality ratio of AC/ZnO being 2:1, and when the quality fraction was added to 3%, the foaming effect of NFSC was good, and when the quality fraction of PVA was about 11%, the interface compatibility between bamboo powder and starch matrix was better.
引文
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[2]曾广胜,林瑞珍,郑良杰.废纸板纤维/淀粉发泡复合材料加工流变特性及泡孔形态[J].复合材料学报,2013,30(5):107-112.ZENG Guangsheng,LIN Ruizhen,ZHENG Liangjie.Processing Rheological Property and Cell Morphology of Waste Paper Pulp/Starch Foam Composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2013,30(5):107-112.
[3]NAJAFI N,HEUZEY M C,CARREAU P J,et al.Rheological and Foaming Behavior of Linear and Branched Polylactides[J].Rheologica Acta,2014,53(10/11):779-790.
[4]PEINADO V,GARCíA L,FERNáNDEZá,et al.Novel Lightweight Foamed Poly(Lactic Acid)Reinforced with Different Loadings of Functionalised Sepiolite[J].Composites Science and Technology,2014,101:17-23.
[5]滕琴.探讨发泡工艺技术在淀粉发泡中的应用研究[J].山东工业技术,2018(9):213.TENG Qin.Study on the Application of Foaming Technology in Starch Foaming[J].Shandong Industrial Technology,2018(9):213.
[6]左迎峰,顾继友,杨龙,等.甘油用量对淀粉/聚乳酸复合材料性能的影响[J].功能材料,2014,45(5):5087-5091.ZUO Yingfeng,GU Jiyou,YANG Long,et al.Effect of Glycerol Content on the Properties of Starch/Polylactic Acid Composite[J].Journal of Functional Materials,2014,45(5):5087-5091.
[7]武娟娟,康勇刚.淀粉-纤维复合发泡缓冲材料的研究[J].包装工程,2011,32(3):39-42.WU Juanjuan,KANG Yonggang.Development of Starch-Fiber Composite Foaming Cushion Material[J].Packaging Engineering,2011,32(3):39-42.
[8]曾广胜,张礼,黄鹤.淀粉/PVA复合材料挤出发泡片材的制备及性能[J].塑料,2016,45(2):37-39,43.ZENG Guangsheng,ZHANG Li,HUANG He.Preparation and Properties on Extrusion Foamed Sheet of Starch/PVA Composite[J].Plastics,2016,45(2):37-39,43.
[9]王德滨,陈敏伟,周达飞.AC发泡剂分解动力学的研究:添加剂的影响[J].塑料工业,1990,18(4):40-44.WANG Debin,CHEN Minwei,ZHOU Dafei.Studies of Decomposition Kinetics of Azodicarbamide:The Effects of Additives[J].China Plastics Industry,1990,18(4):40-44.
[10]PAWLAK A,MUCHA M.Thermogravimetric and FTIRStudies of Chitosan Blends[J].Thermochimica Acta,2003,396(1/2):153-166.
[11]WANG L,SHOGREN R L,CARRIERE C.Preparation and Properties of Thermoplastic Starch-Polyester Laminate Sheets by Coextrusion[J].Polymer Engineering&Science,2000,40(2):499-506.
[12]ARTZ W E,WARREN C,VILLOTA R.Twin-Screw Extrusion Modification of a Corn Fiber and Corn Starch Extruded Blend[J].Journal of Food Science,1990,55(3):746-754.
[13]冀玲芳,李树材,李梅.热塑性淀粉/纤维共混物性能的研究[J].塑料工业,2005,33(5):46-48.JI Lingfang,LI Shucai,LI Mei.Study of Property of Thermoplastic Starch/Cellulose Fiber[J].China Plastics Industry,2005,33(5):46-48.
[14]孙刚,邹思敏,梁洁.淀粉基复合发泡材料的加工流变特性及其泡孔形[J].包装学报,2018,10(6):50-54.SUN Gang,ZOU Simin,LIANG Jie.Processing Rheological Property and Cell Morphology of StarchBased Composite Foaming Material[J].Packaging Journal,2018,10(6):50-54.