不同钝化剂对铅锌矿区周边农田镉铅污染钝化修复研究
|
摘要
采用大田试验和盆栽试验,研究了海泡石(S)、石灰(L)、腐植酸(H)、生物炭(B)和钙镁磷肥(P)对云南某铅锌矿区周边玉米农田的修复效果,并采用BCR形态分级试验研究土壤钝化前后重金属形态的变化。结果表明:石灰和海泡石可显著提高土壤pH。钝化处理可显著降低DTPA提取态Cd、Pb含量,盆栽试验中,生物炭45 t·hm~(-2)处理对Cd钝化效率可达45.3%,石灰2.25 t·hm~(-2)处理对Pb钝化效率可达60.6%;大田试验中,钙镁磷肥3 t·hm~(-2)处理对Cd最高钝化效率可达48.3%,石灰4.5 t·hm~(-2)处理对Pb钝化效率可达25.3%。石灰、海泡石和生物炭对重金属形态变化影响显著,可促进重金属由高活性形态向低活性形态转换。钝化处理可显著降低玉米籽粒中Cd、Pb含量,生物炭22.5 t·hm~(-2)处理下,Cd最大降幅85%,作物达到食品安全国家标准(GB 2762—2012,Cd≤0.1 mg·kg-1),石灰4.5 t·hm~(-2)处理下,Pb最大降幅59.6%,但未达到食品安全国家标准(GB 2762—2012,Pb≤0.2 mg·kg-1)。部分钝化剂可以起到增产的作用,腐植酸22.5 t·hm~(-2)处理下可增产29.1%。综合分析不同钝化剂及其施用量的效果可知,海泡石和石灰是对该矿区周边Cd、Pb污染农田修复效果最佳的钝化剂,最佳施用量分别为海泡石45 t·hm~(-2)和石灰2.25 t·hm~(-2)。
Field experiments and pot experiments were carried out to study the effects of sepiolite(S), lime(L), humic acid(H), biochar(B), and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer(P)on the remediation of cultivated soils planted with corn, in the vicinity of a lead-zinc mine in Yunnan. A BCR morphological classification experiment was used to study the variation in heavy metal fractions before and after the soil amendments. The results showed the following: The soil pH value significantly increased after lime and sepiolite treatments. The amendments significantly decreased the DTPA-extractable Cd and Pb. In the pot experiments, the highest immobilization efficiency of Cd for the biochar 45 t·hm~(-2) treatment was 45.3%, and that of Pb for lime 2.25 t·hm~(-2) was 60.6%. In the field experiments, the highest immobilization efficiency of Cd for calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 3 t·hm~(-2) was 48.3%, and that of Pb for lime 4.5 t·hm~(-2) was 25.3%.Lime, sepiolite, and biochar had significant effects on the fractions of heavy metals, that promoted the transformation of the heavy metals from highly active to poorly active fractions. The immobilization treatment significantly decreased the Cd and Pb content in corn grains. Under the biochar 22.5 t·hm~(-2) treatment, the maximum Cd content decreased by 85%, and the content of Cd in grains met the National Food Safety Standard value(GB 2762—2012, Cd≤0.1 mg·kg-1). Under the lime 4.5 t·hm~(-2) treatment, the maximum Pb content decreased by59.6%, but did not meet the National Food Safety Standard value(GB 2762—2012, Pb≤0.2 mg·kg-1). The yield increased after some of the amendment treatments. The yield increased by 29.1% after the humic acid 22.5 t·hm~(-2) treatment. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the effects of different amendments and their application amounts on the yield, heavy metal mobility in soil, and contents in crops, sepiolite and lime are the best choice of amendments for the remediation of Cd and Pb–contaminated cultivated soil around a lead-zinc mine area. The application amounts are sepiolite 45 t·hm~(-2) and lime 2.25 t·hm~(-2),respectively.
Field experiments and pot experiments were carried out to study the effects of sepiolite(S), lime(L), humic acid(H), biochar(B), and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer(P)on the remediation of cultivated soils planted with corn, in the vicinity of a lead-zinc mine in Yunnan. A BCR morphological classification experiment was used to study the variation in heavy metal fractions before and after the soil amendments. The results showed the following: The soil pH value significantly increased after lime and sepiolite treatments. The amendments significantly decreased the DTPA-extractable Cd and Pb. In the pot experiments, the highest immobilization efficiency of Cd for the biochar 45 t·hm~(-2) treatment was 45.3%, and that of Pb for lime 2.25 t·hm~(-2) was 60.6%. In the field experiments, the highest immobilization efficiency of Cd for calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 3 t·hm~(-2) was 48.3%, and that of Pb for lime 4.5 t·hm~(-2) was 25.3%.Lime, sepiolite, and biochar had significant effects on the fractions of heavy metals, that promoted the transformation of the heavy metals from highly active to poorly active fractions. The immobilization treatment significantly decreased the Cd and Pb content in corn grains. Under the biochar 22.5 t·hm~(-2) treatment, the maximum Cd content decreased by 85%, and the content of Cd in grains met the National Food Safety Standard value(GB 2762—2012, Cd≤0.1 mg·kg-1). Under the lime 4.5 t·hm~(-2) treatment, the maximum Pb content decreased by59.6%, but did not meet the National Food Safety Standard value(GB 2762—2012, Pb≤0.2 mg·kg-1). The yield increased after some of the amendment treatments. The yield increased by 29.1% after the humic acid 22.5 t·hm~(-2) treatment. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the effects of different amendments and their application amounts on the yield, heavy metal mobility in soil, and contents in crops, sepiolite and lime are the best choice of amendments for the remediation of Cd and Pb–contaminated cultivated soil around a lead-zinc mine area. The application amounts are sepiolite 45 t·hm~(-2) and lime 2.25 t·hm~(-2),respectively.
引文
[1]杜彩艳,段宗颜,曾民,等.田间条件下不同组配钝化剂对玉米(Zea mays)吸收Cd、As和Pb影响研究[J].生态环境学报, 2015, 24(10):1731-1738.DU Cai-yan, DUAN Zong-yan, ZENG Min, et al. Effects of different combined amendments on cadmium, arsenic and lead absorption of maize under field[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2015, 24(10):1731-1738.
[2]聂胜委,黄绍敏,张水清,等.重金属胁迫后效对玉米产量的影响[J].华北农学报, 2013, 28(4):123-129.NIE Sheng-wei, HUANG Shao-min, ZHANG Shui-qing, et al. Later effects of various heavy metal stress on maize grain yields in wheatmaize rotation systems[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2013, 28(4):123-129.
[3]李勇,黄占斌,王文萍,等.重金属铅镉对玉米生长及土壤微生物的影响[J].农业环境科学学报, 2009, 28(11):2241-2245.LI Yong, HUANG Zhan-bin, WANG Wen-ping, et al. Effects of heavy metals lead and cadmium on Zea mays L. growth and the soil microorganism[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2009, 28(11):2241-2245.
[4]曹心德,魏晓欣,代革联,等.土壤重金属复合污染及其化学钝化修复技术研究进展[J].环境工程学报, 2011, 5(7):1441-1453.CAO Xin-de, WEI Xiao-xin, DAI Ge-lian, et al. Advances in research on soil compound pollution and its chemical passivation repair technology[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2011, 5(7):1441-1453.
[5]杜志敏,郝建设,周静,等.四种改良剂对铜和镉复合污染土壤的田间原位修复研究[J].土壤学报, 2012, 49(3):508-517.DU Zhi-min, HAO Jian-she, ZHOU Jing, et al. Field in-situ remediation of Cu-Cd polluted soil by four amendments[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2012, 49(3):508-517.
[6]朱凰榕,赵秋香,倪卫东,等.巯基-蒙脱石复合材料对不同程度Cd污染农田土壤修复研究[J].生态环境学报, 2018, 27(1):174-181.ZHU Huang-rong, ZHAO Qiu-xiang, NI Wei-dong, et al. Immobilization of cadmium by thiol-functionalized montmorillonite in soils contaminated by cadmium in various degrees[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2018, 27(1):174-181.
[7]梁学峰,韩君,徐应明,等.海泡石及其复配原位修复镉污染稻田[J].环境工程学报, 2015, 9(9):4571-4577.LIANG Xue-feng, HAN Jun, XU Ying-ming, et al. In-situ remediation of Cd polluted paddy soil using sepiolite and combined amendments[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2015, 9(9):4571-4577.
[8]徐应明,梁学峰,孙国红,等.海泡石表面化学特性及其对重金属Pb2+Cd2+Cu2+吸附机理研究[J].农业环境科学学报, 2009, 28(10):2057-2063.XU Ying-ming, LIANG Xue-feng, SUN Guo-hong, et al. Surface chemical characteristics of sepiolites and their adsorption mechanisms of Pb2+, Cd2+and Cu2+[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2009,28(10):2057-2063.
[9]宋正国,唐世荣,丁永祯,等.田间条件下不同钝化材料对玉米吸收镉的影响研究[J].农业环境科学学报, 2011, 30(11):2152-2159.SONG Zheng-guo, TANG Shi-rong, DING Yong-zhen, et al. Effects of different amendments on cadmium uptake by maize under field conditions[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2011, 30(11):2152-2159.
[10]陈远其,张煜,陈国梁.石灰对土壤重金属污染修复研究进展[J].生态环境学报, 2016, 25(8):1419-1424.CHEN Yuan-qi, ZHANG Yu, CHEN Guo-liang. Remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils by lime:A review[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2016, 25(8):1419-1424.
[11]杜彩艳,祖艳群,李元.石灰配施猪粪对Cd、Pb和Zn污染土壤中重金属形态和植物有效性的影响[J].武汉植物学研究, 2008, 26(2):170-174.DU Cai-yan, ZU Yan-qun, LI Yuan. Effects of combined application of lime and pig manure on form of heavy metals and plant effectiveness in Cd, Pb and Zn contaminated soils[J]. Plant Science Journal,2008, 26(2):170-174.
[12]李丽明,丁玲,姚琨,等.胡敏素钝化修复重金属Cu(Ⅱ)、Pb(Ⅱ)污染土壤[J].环境工程学报, 2016, 10(6):3275-3280.LI Li-ming, DING Ling, YAO Kun, et al. Remediation of heavy metal Cu(II), Pb(II)contaminated soils using humin[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2016, 10(6):3275-3280.
[13]徐正国,唐秋萍,王颖.腐殖质在工业污染场地土壤修复中的应用综述[J].土壤通报, 2016, 47(4):1016-1022.XU Zheng-guo, TANG Qiu-ping, WANG Ying. Application of humus in soil remediation of industrial contaminated sites[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2016, 47(4):1016-1022.
[14]彭丽成,黄占斌,石宇,等.环境材料对Pb、Cd污染土壤玉米生长及土壤改良效果的影响[J].中国生态农业学报, 2011, 19(6):1386-1392.PENG Li-cheng, HUANG Zhan-bin, SHI Yu, et al. Effects of environmental materials on maize growth and soil improvement in Pb and Cd contaminated soils[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2011,19(6):1386-1392.
[15]袁金华,徐仁扣.生物质炭的性质及其对土壤环境功能影响的研究进展[J].生态环境学报, 2011, 20(4):779-785.YUAN Jin-hua, XU Ren-kou. Biomass charcoal properties and its effects on soil environment function[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2011, 20(4):779-785.
[16]张小凯,何丽芝,陆扣萍,等.生物质炭修复重金属及有机物污染土壤的研究进展[J].土壤, 2013, 45(6):970-977.ZHANG Xiao-kai, HE Li-zhi, LU Kou-ping, et al. Biomass carbon in remediation of heavy metal and organic polluted soils[J]. Soils, 2013,45(6):970-977.
[17] Houben D, Evrard L, Sonnet P, et al. Beneficial effects of biochar application to contaminated soils on the bio-availability of Cd, Pb and Zn the biomass production of rapeseed(Brassica napus)[J]. Biomass Bioenergy, 2013, 57(11):196-204.
[18] Amanullah M, Wang P, LI R h, et al. Immobilization of lead and cadmium in contaminated soil using amendments:A review[J]. Pedosphere, 2015, 25(4):555-568.
[19] Ok Y S, Lim J E, Moon D H. Stabilization of Pb and Cd contaminated soils and soil quality improvements using waste oyster shells[J]. Environ Geochem Hlth, 2011, 33(1):83-91.
[20]黄维恒,包立,林健,等.沘江流域耕地土壤重金属分布及生态风险评价[J].农业资源与环境学报, 2017, 34(5):456-465.HUANG Wei-heng, BAO Li, LIN Jian, et al. Distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in arable soils in Bijiang Watershed, China[J]. Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment,2017, 34(5):456-465.
[21]苏焕珍,刘文胜,郑丽,等.兰坪铅锌矿区不同污染梯度下优势植物的重金属累积特征[J].环境工程学报, 2014, 8(11):5027-5034.SU Huan-zhen, LIU Wen-sheng, ZHENG Li, et al. Accumulation characteristics of heavy metals in dominant plant species growing on Lanping lead/zinc mining wasteland with different pollution gradients[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2014, 8(11):5027-5034.
[22]周鸿斌,角媛梅,史正涛,等.云南沘江沿岸农田土壤磁测分析与重金属污染评价[J].农业环境科学学报, 2008, 27(4):1586-1591.ZHOU Hong-bin, JIAO Yuan-mei, SHI Zheng-tao, et al. Magnetic analysis and assessment on heavy metal contamination in the farmland soil along Bijiang River[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2008, 27(4):1586-1591.
[23]陈建军,于蔚,祖艳群,等.玉米(Zea mays)对镉积累与转运的品种差异研究[J].生态环境学报, 2014, 23(10):1671-1676.CHEN Jian-jun, YU Wei, ZU Yan-qun, et al. Variety difference of Cd accumulation and translocation in Zea Mays[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2014, 23(10):1671-1676.
[24]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 1999.BAO Shi-dan. Analysis of soil agrochemical[M]. Beijing:China Agriculture Press, 1999.
[25]吴烈善,曾东梅,莫小荣,等.不同钝化剂对重金属污染土壤稳定化效应的研究[J].环境科学, 2015, 36(1):309-313.WU Lie-shan, ZENG Dong-mei, MO Xiao-rong, et al. Immobilization impact of different fixatives on heavy metals contaminated soil[J].Environmental Science, 2015, 36(1):309-313.
[26] Quevauviller P, Rauret G, Muntau H, et al. Evaluation of a sequential extraction procedure for the determination of extractable trace metal contents in sediments[J]. Fresenius′Journal of Analytical Chemistry,1994, 349(12):808-814.
[27]蒋煜峰,袁建梅,卢子扬,等.腐殖酸对污灌土壤中Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn形态影响的研究[J].西北师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2005, 11(6):48-52.JIANG Yu-feng, YUAN Jian-mei, LU Zi-yang, et al. The effect of humic acid on species of Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn in sewage farm[J]. Journal of Northwest Normal University(Natural Science), 2005, 11(6):48-52.
[28]李立平,邢维芹,向国强,等.不同添加剂对铅冶炼污染土壤中铅、镉稳定效果的研究[J].环境科学学报, 2012, 32(7):1717-1724.LI Li-ping, XING Wei-qin, XIANG Guo-qiang, et al. Immobilization of Pb and Cd in a lead smelting polluted soil with different amendments[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2012, 32(7):1717-1724.
[29]李江遐,吴林春,张军,等.生物炭修复土壤重金属污染的研究进展[J].生态环境学报, 2015, 24(12):2075-2081.LI Jiang-xia, WU Lin-chun, ZHANG Jun, et al. Research progresses in remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils by biochar[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2015, 24(12):2075-2081.
[30] Zhu Y G, Chen S B, Yang J C. Effects of soil amendments on lead uptake by two vegetable crops from a lead-contaminated soil from Anhui, China[J]. Environment International, 2004, 30(3):351-356.
[31]安梅,董丽,张磊,等.不同种类生物炭对土壤重金属镉铅形态分布的影响[J].农业环境科学报, 2018, 37(5):892-898.AN Mei, DONG Li, ZHANG Lei, et al. Influence of different kinds of biochar on Cd and Pb forms in soil[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2018, 37(5):892-898.
[32]胡勤海,叶兆杰.蔬菜主要污染问题[J].农村生态环境, 1995, 11(3):52-56.HU Qin-hai, YE Zhao-jie. Main problems of pollution in vegetables[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 1995, 11(3):52-56.
[33]贾劼,解静芳,范仁俊,等.酸雨和降尘污染对菠菜和生菜几种重金属含量的影响[J].华北农学报, 2008, 23(4):213-216.JIA Jie, XIE Jing-fang, FAN Ren-jun, et al. Effects of dust droping and acid rain pollution on contents of heavy metals in spinach and lettuce[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2008, 23(4):213-216.
[2]聂胜委,黄绍敏,张水清,等.重金属胁迫后效对玉米产量的影响[J].华北农学报, 2013, 28(4):123-129.NIE Sheng-wei, HUANG Shao-min, ZHANG Shui-qing, et al. Later effects of various heavy metal stress on maize grain yields in wheatmaize rotation systems[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2013, 28(4):123-129.
[3]李勇,黄占斌,王文萍,等.重金属铅镉对玉米生长及土壤微生物的影响[J].农业环境科学学报, 2009, 28(11):2241-2245.LI Yong, HUANG Zhan-bin, WANG Wen-ping, et al. Effects of heavy metals lead and cadmium on Zea mays L. growth and the soil microorganism[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2009, 28(11):2241-2245.
[4]曹心德,魏晓欣,代革联,等.土壤重金属复合污染及其化学钝化修复技术研究进展[J].环境工程学报, 2011, 5(7):1441-1453.CAO Xin-de, WEI Xiao-xin, DAI Ge-lian, et al. Advances in research on soil compound pollution and its chemical passivation repair technology[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2011, 5(7):1441-1453.
[5]杜志敏,郝建设,周静,等.四种改良剂对铜和镉复合污染土壤的田间原位修复研究[J].土壤学报, 2012, 49(3):508-517.DU Zhi-min, HAO Jian-she, ZHOU Jing, et al. Field in-situ remediation of Cu-Cd polluted soil by four amendments[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2012, 49(3):508-517.
[6]朱凰榕,赵秋香,倪卫东,等.巯基-蒙脱石复合材料对不同程度Cd污染农田土壤修复研究[J].生态环境学报, 2018, 27(1):174-181.ZHU Huang-rong, ZHAO Qiu-xiang, NI Wei-dong, et al. Immobilization of cadmium by thiol-functionalized montmorillonite in soils contaminated by cadmium in various degrees[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2018, 27(1):174-181.
[7]梁学峰,韩君,徐应明,等.海泡石及其复配原位修复镉污染稻田[J].环境工程学报, 2015, 9(9):4571-4577.LIANG Xue-feng, HAN Jun, XU Ying-ming, et al. In-situ remediation of Cd polluted paddy soil using sepiolite and combined amendments[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2015, 9(9):4571-4577.
[8]徐应明,梁学峰,孙国红,等.海泡石表面化学特性及其对重金属Pb2+Cd2+Cu2+吸附机理研究[J].农业环境科学学报, 2009, 28(10):2057-2063.XU Ying-ming, LIANG Xue-feng, SUN Guo-hong, et al. Surface chemical characteristics of sepiolites and their adsorption mechanisms of Pb2+, Cd2+and Cu2+[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2009,28(10):2057-2063.
[9]宋正国,唐世荣,丁永祯,等.田间条件下不同钝化材料对玉米吸收镉的影响研究[J].农业环境科学学报, 2011, 30(11):2152-2159.SONG Zheng-guo, TANG Shi-rong, DING Yong-zhen, et al. Effects of different amendments on cadmium uptake by maize under field conditions[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2011, 30(11):2152-2159.
[10]陈远其,张煜,陈国梁.石灰对土壤重金属污染修复研究进展[J].生态环境学报, 2016, 25(8):1419-1424.CHEN Yuan-qi, ZHANG Yu, CHEN Guo-liang. Remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils by lime:A review[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2016, 25(8):1419-1424.
[11]杜彩艳,祖艳群,李元.石灰配施猪粪对Cd、Pb和Zn污染土壤中重金属形态和植物有效性的影响[J].武汉植物学研究, 2008, 26(2):170-174.DU Cai-yan, ZU Yan-qun, LI Yuan. Effects of combined application of lime and pig manure on form of heavy metals and plant effectiveness in Cd, Pb and Zn contaminated soils[J]. Plant Science Journal,2008, 26(2):170-174.
[12]李丽明,丁玲,姚琨,等.胡敏素钝化修复重金属Cu(Ⅱ)、Pb(Ⅱ)污染土壤[J].环境工程学报, 2016, 10(6):3275-3280.LI Li-ming, DING Ling, YAO Kun, et al. Remediation of heavy metal Cu(II), Pb(II)contaminated soils using humin[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2016, 10(6):3275-3280.
[13]徐正国,唐秋萍,王颖.腐殖质在工业污染场地土壤修复中的应用综述[J].土壤通报, 2016, 47(4):1016-1022.XU Zheng-guo, TANG Qiu-ping, WANG Ying. Application of humus in soil remediation of industrial contaminated sites[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2016, 47(4):1016-1022.
[14]彭丽成,黄占斌,石宇,等.环境材料对Pb、Cd污染土壤玉米生长及土壤改良效果的影响[J].中国生态农业学报, 2011, 19(6):1386-1392.PENG Li-cheng, HUANG Zhan-bin, SHI Yu, et al. Effects of environmental materials on maize growth and soil improvement in Pb and Cd contaminated soils[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2011,19(6):1386-1392.
[15]袁金华,徐仁扣.生物质炭的性质及其对土壤环境功能影响的研究进展[J].生态环境学报, 2011, 20(4):779-785.YUAN Jin-hua, XU Ren-kou. Biomass charcoal properties and its effects on soil environment function[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2011, 20(4):779-785.
[16]张小凯,何丽芝,陆扣萍,等.生物质炭修复重金属及有机物污染土壤的研究进展[J].土壤, 2013, 45(6):970-977.ZHANG Xiao-kai, HE Li-zhi, LU Kou-ping, et al. Biomass carbon in remediation of heavy metal and organic polluted soils[J]. Soils, 2013,45(6):970-977.
[17] Houben D, Evrard L, Sonnet P, et al. Beneficial effects of biochar application to contaminated soils on the bio-availability of Cd, Pb and Zn the biomass production of rapeseed(Brassica napus)[J]. Biomass Bioenergy, 2013, 57(11):196-204.
[18] Amanullah M, Wang P, LI R h, et al. Immobilization of lead and cadmium in contaminated soil using amendments:A review[J]. Pedosphere, 2015, 25(4):555-568.
[19] Ok Y S, Lim J E, Moon D H. Stabilization of Pb and Cd contaminated soils and soil quality improvements using waste oyster shells[J]. Environ Geochem Hlth, 2011, 33(1):83-91.
[20]黄维恒,包立,林健,等.沘江流域耕地土壤重金属分布及生态风险评价[J].农业资源与环境学报, 2017, 34(5):456-465.HUANG Wei-heng, BAO Li, LIN Jian, et al. Distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in arable soils in Bijiang Watershed, China[J]. Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment,2017, 34(5):456-465.
[21]苏焕珍,刘文胜,郑丽,等.兰坪铅锌矿区不同污染梯度下优势植物的重金属累积特征[J].环境工程学报, 2014, 8(11):5027-5034.SU Huan-zhen, LIU Wen-sheng, ZHENG Li, et al. Accumulation characteristics of heavy metals in dominant plant species growing on Lanping lead/zinc mining wasteland with different pollution gradients[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2014, 8(11):5027-5034.
[22]周鸿斌,角媛梅,史正涛,等.云南沘江沿岸农田土壤磁测分析与重金属污染评价[J].农业环境科学学报, 2008, 27(4):1586-1591.ZHOU Hong-bin, JIAO Yuan-mei, SHI Zheng-tao, et al. Magnetic analysis and assessment on heavy metal contamination in the farmland soil along Bijiang River[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2008, 27(4):1586-1591.
[23]陈建军,于蔚,祖艳群,等.玉米(Zea mays)对镉积累与转运的品种差异研究[J].生态环境学报, 2014, 23(10):1671-1676.CHEN Jian-jun, YU Wei, ZU Yan-qun, et al. Variety difference of Cd accumulation and translocation in Zea Mays[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2014, 23(10):1671-1676.
[24]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 1999.BAO Shi-dan. Analysis of soil agrochemical[M]. Beijing:China Agriculture Press, 1999.
[25]吴烈善,曾东梅,莫小荣,等.不同钝化剂对重金属污染土壤稳定化效应的研究[J].环境科学, 2015, 36(1):309-313.WU Lie-shan, ZENG Dong-mei, MO Xiao-rong, et al. Immobilization impact of different fixatives on heavy metals contaminated soil[J].Environmental Science, 2015, 36(1):309-313.
[26] Quevauviller P, Rauret G, Muntau H, et al. Evaluation of a sequential extraction procedure for the determination of extractable trace metal contents in sediments[J]. Fresenius′Journal of Analytical Chemistry,1994, 349(12):808-814.
[27]蒋煜峰,袁建梅,卢子扬,等.腐殖酸对污灌土壤中Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn形态影响的研究[J].西北师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2005, 11(6):48-52.JIANG Yu-feng, YUAN Jian-mei, LU Zi-yang, et al. The effect of humic acid on species of Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn in sewage farm[J]. Journal of Northwest Normal University(Natural Science), 2005, 11(6):48-52.
[28]李立平,邢维芹,向国强,等.不同添加剂对铅冶炼污染土壤中铅、镉稳定效果的研究[J].环境科学学报, 2012, 32(7):1717-1724.LI Li-ping, XING Wei-qin, XIANG Guo-qiang, et al. Immobilization of Pb and Cd in a lead smelting polluted soil with different amendments[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2012, 32(7):1717-1724.
[29]李江遐,吴林春,张军,等.生物炭修复土壤重金属污染的研究进展[J].生态环境学报, 2015, 24(12):2075-2081.LI Jiang-xia, WU Lin-chun, ZHANG Jun, et al. Research progresses in remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils by biochar[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2015, 24(12):2075-2081.
[30] Zhu Y G, Chen S B, Yang J C. Effects of soil amendments on lead uptake by two vegetable crops from a lead-contaminated soil from Anhui, China[J]. Environment International, 2004, 30(3):351-356.
[31]安梅,董丽,张磊,等.不同种类生物炭对土壤重金属镉铅形态分布的影响[J].农业环境科学报, 2018, 37(5):892-898.AN Mei, DONG Li, ZHANG Lei, et al. Influence of different kinds of biochar on Cd and Pb forms in soil[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2018, 37(5):892-898.
[32]胡勤海,叶兆杰.蔬菜主要污染问题[J].农村生态环境, 1995, 11(3):52-56.HU Qin-hai, YE Zhao-jie. Main problems of pollution in vegetables[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 1995, 11(3):52-56.
[33]贾劼,解静芳,范仁俊,等.酸雨和降尘污染对菠菜和生菜几种重金属含量的影响[J].华北农学报, 2008, 23(4):213-216.JIA Jie, XIE Jing-fang, FAN Ren-jun, et al. Effects of dust droping and acid rain pollution on contents of heavy metals in spinach and lettuce[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2008, 23(4):213-216.