荒漠草原带盐碱地优势植物生态位与种间联结
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摘要
盐碱地是荒漠草原带常见的生境类型之一。本文采用生态位测度、方差比率法、基于2×2列联表的χ~2检验和Ochiai指数的方法,研究了位于荒漠草原带的陕西定边花马池盐湖附近植物群落中26个优势物种、325个种对间水、盐梯度下生态位和种间关联性,探讨了生态位重叠与种间关联性的关系。结果表明:(1)在土壤水、盐梯度上,细枝盐爪爪(Kalidium gracile)、黄毛头(Kalidium cuspidatum)和碱蓬(Suaeda glauca)生态位宽度值均较大,为荒漠草原带盐碱地的主要建群种。(2)生态位较窄的物种之间生态位重叠值较高,共同竞争有限的资源;生态位较宽的物种之间生态位重叠值相对较高,存在竞争关系;而盐角草(Salicornia europaea)和盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)生态位均较宽,但与其他物种重叠程度较低,竞争较弱。(3)优势物种总体联结性为极显著的正联结,但Ochiai指数大于0.6的种对数只占总种对数的17.85%,表明该群落处于相对稳定的演替阶段,但种间关联程度不紧密。(4)土壤水、盐梯度上的生态位重叠值均与Ochiai指数呈极显著的正相关关系,且盐分梯度上相关程度高于水分梯度,但仅通过生态位重叠与联结指数的回归关系难以完全揭示种间联结的内在机制。
Saline-alkaline soil is one of the common habitat types in desert steppe zone. Studying species niche and interspecific association is important for scientific management of salinealkaline ecosystems and vegetation recovery. Here,we analyzed interspecific association and niche among 26 dominant species along the gradient of soil moisture and salinity near the Huamachi saline lake in desert steppe zone in Dingbian County,Shaanxi Province. We discussed the relationship between niche overlaps and interspecific association. Methods used in this study included niche breadth,niche overlap,variance ratio method,χ2-test and Ochiai index based on a 2×2 contingency table. The results showed that:( 1) Across the soil moisture and salinity gradient,Kalidium gracile, Kalidium cuspidatum and Suaeda glauca had the higher niche breadths than other species. Thus,those species were the constructive species in saline-alkaline soil of desert steppe zone.( 2) The species with lower niche breadth had larger niche overlap,and competed the limited resources. The species with higher niche breadth had relatively larger niche overlap. Some species,such as Salicornia europaea and Suaeda salsa,had relatively higher niche breadth,but had lower niche overlap with a few species,indicating weak competition between them.( 3) Macro-association was significantly positively correlated among 26 dominant species,whereas species pairs with Ochiai index greater than 0.6 only accounted for 17.85% of total species pairs. This result indicated that the plant community was in a relatively stable succession status,and that interspecific association degree was not close.( 4) Ochiai index was significantly positively correlated with niche overlap along the soil moisture and salinity gradients,with a stronger correlation existed between Ochiai index and niche overlap along the salinity gradient. However,it was difficult to reveal completely the inherent mechanism of interspecific association through the regression relationship between niche overlap and Ochiai index.
Saline-alkaline soil is one of the common habitat types in desert steppe zone. Studying species niche and interspecific association is important for scientific management of salinealkaline ecosystems and vegetation recovery. Here,we analyzed interspecific association and niche among 26 dominant species along the gradient of soil moisture and salinity near the Huamachi saline lake in desert steppe zone in Dingbian County,Shaanxi Province. We discussed the relationship between niche overlaps and interspecific association. Methods used in this study included niche breadth,niche overlap,variance ratio method,χ2-test and Ochiai index based on a 2×2 contingency table. The results showed that:( 1) Across the soil moisture and salinity gradient,Kalidium gracile, Kalidium cuspidatum and Suaeda glauca had the higher niche breadths than other species. Thus,those species were the constructive species in saline-alkaline soil of desert steppe zone.( 2) The species with lower niche breadth had larger niche overlap,and competed the limited resources. The species with higher niche breadth had relatively larger niche overlap. Some species,such as Salicornia europaea and Suaeda salsa,had relatively higher niche breadth,but had lower niche overlap with a few species,indicating weak competition between them.( 3) Macro-association was significantly positively correlated among 26 dominant species,whereas species pairs with Ochiai index greater than 0.6 only accounted for 17.85% of total species pairs. This result indicated that the plant community was in a relatively stable succession status,and that interspecific association degree was not close.( 4) Ochiai index was significantly positively correlated with niche overlap along the soil moisture and salinity gradients,with a stronger correlation existed between Ochiai index and niche overlap along the salinity gradient. However,it was difficult to reveal completely the inherent mechanism of interspecific association through the regression relationship between niche overlap and Ochiai index.
引文
鲍士旦.2000.土壤农化分析.北京:中国农业出版社.
曹露芬,殷婷婷,袁振亚,等.2016.基于高通量测序的陕西花马池和苟池微生物群落多样性分析.生物技术通讯,27(3):374-380.
陈旭.2008.长白山哈泥泥炭地七种苔藓植物种间联结和生态位研究(硕士学位论文).长春:东北师范大学.
陈志伟,伊贤贵,王贤荣,等.2014.黄山微毛樱群落主要种群生态位特征.南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,38(S1):39-46.
丁文慧,李秀珍,姜俊彦,等.2016.崇明东滩南部河口盐沼植物群落种间关系的数量分析.应用生态学报,27(5):1417-1426.
杜道林,刘玉成,李睿.1995.缙云山亚热带栲树林优势种群间联结性研究.植物生态学报,19(2):149-157.
杜泉滢,李智,刘书润,等.2007.干旱、半干旱区湖泊周围盐生植物群落的多样性格局及特点.生物多样性,15(3):271-281.
高浩杰,袁佳,高平仕.2017.舟山群岛次生林优势种群的生态位与种间联结.热带亚热带植物学报,25(1):73-80.
郭忠玲,马元丹,郑金萍,等.2004.长白山落叶阔叶混交林的物种多样性、种群空间分布格局及种间关联性研究.应用生态学报,15(11):2013-2018.
贺强,崔保山,赵欣胜,等.2008.水、盐梯度下黄河三角洲湿地植物种的生态位.应用生态学报,19(5):969-975.
胡理乐,闫伯前,刘琪璟,等.2005.南方丘陵人工林林下植物种间关系分析.应用生态学报,16(11):2019-2024.
胡乔木,杨舒茜,李韦,等.2009.土壤养分梯度下黄河三角洲湿地植物的生态位.北京师范大学学报:自然科学版,45(1):75-79.
霍红,冯起,苏永红,等.2013.额济纳绿洲植物群落种间关系和生态位研究.中国沙漠,33(4):1027-1033.
孔祥龙.2016.黄河三角洲植物群落种间相互作用研究(硕士学位论文).济南:山东大学.
李丰刀女,朱金兆,朱清科.2003.生态位理论及其测度研究进展.北京林业大学学报,25(1):100-107.
李帅锋,刘万德,苏建荣,等.2011.季风常绿阔叶林不同恢复阶段乔木优势种群生态位和种间联结.生态学杂志,30(3):508-515.
李帅锋,刘万德,苏建荣,等.2012.滇西北云南红豆杉群落物种生态位与种间联结.植物科学学报,30(6):568-576.
栗大海.2008.榆林北部毛乌素沙区的湿地现状和保护利用对策研究(硕士学位论文).杨凌:西北农林科技大学.
刘加珍,陈亚宁,张元明.2004.塔里木河中游植物种群在四种环境梯度上的生态位特征.应用生态学报,15(4):549-555.
刘巍,曹伟.2011.长白山云冷杉群落主要种群生态位特征.生态学杂志,30(8):1766-1774.
马宗文,谢正磊,段晓峰.等.2012.黄河三角洲自然保护区植物与土壤因子关系及生态位分析.北京大学学报:自然科学版,48(5):801-811.
唐庄生,安慧,邓蕾,等.2016.荒漠草原沙漠化植物群落及土壤物理变化.生态学报,36(4):991-1000.
王伯荪,彭少麟.1985.南亚热带常绿阔叶林种间联结测定技术研究.Ⅰ.种间联结测式的探讨与修正.植物生态学报,9(4):274-285.
王乃江,张文辉,陆元昌.2010.陕西子午岭森林植物群落种间联结性.生态学报,30(1):67-78.
徐满厚,刘敏,翟大彤,等.2016.植物种间联结研究内容与方法评述.生态学报,36(24):8224-8233.
杨兆静,张钦弟,李豪,等.2013.山西五鹿山自然保护区暴马丁香群落木本植物种间联结性分析.植物科学学报,31(1):42-48.
袁月,傅德平,吕光辉.2008.新疆艾比湖湿地植被优势种种间关系研究.湿地科学,6(4):486-491.
张金屯.2004.数量生态学.北京:科学出版社.
张伟,王万林,胡玉昆,等.2011.新疆伊犁荒漠草原恢复措施下植物群落生态位特征分析.中国生态农业学报,19(2):358-362.
张悦,郭利平,易雪梅,等.2015.长白山北坡3个森林群落主要树种种间联结性.生态学报,35(1):106-115.
Breckle SW,Wucherer W.2012.Halophytes and salt desertification in the Aralkum Area//Breckle SW,Wucherer W,Dimeyeva LA,et al.,eds.Aralkum:A Man-Made Desert.Berlin:Springer:271-299.
Brooker RW,Maestre FT,Callaway RM,et al.2008.Facilitation in plant communities:The past,the present,and thefuture.Journal of Ecology,96:18-34.
Chesson P.2000.Mechanisms of maintenance of species diversity.Annual review of Ecology and Systematics,31:343-366.
Colwell RK,Futuyma DJ.1971.On the measurement of niche breadth and overlap.Ecology,52:567-576.
He Q,Cui BS,An Y.2011.The importance of facilitation in the zonation of shrubs along a coastal salinity gradient.Journal of Vegetation Science,22:828-836.
Hurlbert SH.1978.The measurement of niche overlap and some relatives.Ecology,59:67-77.
Hutchinson GE.1957.Concluding remarks//Hutchinson GE,ed.Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology.New Haven:Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press:415-427.
Legendre P,Legendre LFJ.2012.Numerical Ecology.3rd Ed.Amsterdam:Elsevier.
Lv SL,Jiang P,Chen XY,et al.2012.Multiple compartmentalization of sodium conferred salt tolerance in Salicornia europaea.Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,51:47-52.
Pianka ER.1973.The structure of lizard communities.Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,4:53-74.
Piernik A.2005.Vegetation-environment relations on inland saline habitats in Central Poland.Phytocoenologia,35:19-38.
Rogel JA,Ariza FA,Silla RO.2000.Soil salinity and moisture gradients and plant zonation in Mediterranean salt marshes of Southeast Spain.Wetlands,20:357-372.
Rousset O,Lepart J.2000.Positive and negative interactions at different life stages of a colonizing species(Quercus humilis).Journal of Ecology,88:401-412.
Schluter D.1984.A variance test for detecting species association with some example application.Ecology,65:998-1005.
Song J,Wang BS.2015.Using euhalophytes to understand salt tolerance and to develop saline agriculture:Suaeda salsa as a promising model.Annals of Botany,115:541-553.
Spies TA,Franklin JF,Klopsch M.1990.Canopy gaps in Douglas-fir forests of the Cascade Mountains.Canadian Journal of Forest Research,20:649-658.
Sui Y,He WM,Pan X,et al.2011.Partial mechanical stimulation facilitates the growth of the rhizomatous plant Leymus secalinus:Modulation by clonal integration.Annals of Botany,107:693-697.
Thomas DSG,Middleton NJ.1993.Salinization:New perspectives on a major desertification issue.Journal of Arid Environments,24:95-105.
Yu FH,Dong M.1999.Multi-scale distribution pattern of natural ramet population in the rhizomatous herb,Thermopsis lanceolata.Acta Botanica Sinica,41:1332-1338.
Zhang KB,Li R,Liu YF,et al.2008.Spatial pattern of a plant community in a wetland ecosystem in a semi-arid region in northwestern China.Frontiers of Forestry in China,3:326-333.
曹露芬,殷婷婷,袁振亚,等.2016.基于高通量测序的陕西花马池和苟池微生物群落多样性分析.生物技术通讯,27(3):374-380.
陈旭.2008.长白山哈泥泥炭地七种苔藓植物种间联结和生态位研究(硕士学位论文).长春:东北师范大学.
陈志伟,伊贤贵,王贤荣,等.2014.黄山微毛樱群落主要种群生态位特征.南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,38(S1):39-46.
丁文慧,李秀珍,姜俊彦,等.2016.崇明东滩南部河口盐沼植物群落种间关系的数量分析.应用生态学报,27(5):1417-1426.
杜道林,刘玉成,李睿.1995.缙云山亚热带栲树林优势种群间联结性研究.植物生态学报,19(2):149-157.
杜泉滢,李智,刘书润,等.2007.干旱、半干旱区湖泊周围盐生植物群落的多样性格局及特点.生物多样性,15(3):271-281.
高浩杰,袁佳,高平仕.2017.舟山群岛次生林优势种群的生态位与种间联结.热带亚热带植物学报,25(1):73-80.
郭忠玲,马元丹,郑金萍,等.2004.长白山落叶阔叶混交林的物种多样性、种群空间分布格局及种间关联性研究.应用生态学报,15(11):2013-2018.
贺强,崔保山,赵欣胜,等.2008.水、盐梯度下黄河三角洲湿地植物种的生态位.应用生态学报,19(5):969-975.
胡理乐,闫伯前,刘琪璟,等.2005.南方丘陵人工林林下植物种间关系分析.应用生态学报,16(11):2019-2024.
胡乔木,杨舒茜,李韦,等.2009.土壤养分梯度下黄河三角洲湿地植物的生态位.北京师范大学学报:自然科学版,45(1):75-79.
霍红,冯起,苏永红,等.2013.额济纳绿洲植物群落种间关系和生态位研究.中国沙漠,33(4):1027-1033.
孔祥龙.2016.黄河三角洲植物群落种间相互作用研究(硕士学位论文).济南:山东大学.
李丰刀女,朱金兆,朱清科.2003.生态位理论及其测度研究进展.北京林业大学学报,25(1):100-107.
李帅锋,刘万德,苏建荣,等.2011.季风常绿阔叶林不同恢复阶段乔木优势种群生态位和种间联结.生态学杂志,30(3):508-515.
李帅锋,刘万德,苏建荣,等.2012.滇西北云南红豆杉群落物种生态位与种间联结.植物科学学报,30(6):568-576.
栗大海.2008.榆林北部毛乌素沙区的湿地现状和保护利用对策研究(硕士学位论文).杨凌:西北农林科技大学.
刘加珍,陈亚宁,张元明.2004.塔里木河中游植物种群在四种环境梯度上的生态位特征.应用生态学报,15(4):549-555.
刘巍,曹伟.2011.长白山云冷杉群落主要种群生态位特征.生态学杂志,30(8):1766-1774.
马宗文,谢正磊,段晓峰.等.2012.黄河三角洲自然保护区植物与土壤因子关系及生态位分析.北京大学学报:自然科学版,48(5):801-811.
唐庄生,安慧,邓蕾,等.2016.荒漠草原沙漠化植物群落及土壤物理变化.生态学报,36(4):991-1000.
王伯荪,彭少麟.1985.南亚热带常绿阔叶林种间联结测定技术研究.Ⅰ.种间联结测式的探讨与修正.植物生态学报,9(4):274-285.
王乃江,张文辉,陆元昌.2010.陕西子午岭森林植物群落种间联结性.生态学报,30(1):67-78.
徐满厚,刘敏,翟大彤,等.2016.植物种间联结研究内容与方法评述.生态学报,36(24):8224-8233.
杨兆静,张钦弟,李豪,等.2013.山西五鹿山自然保护区暴马丁香群落木本植物种间联结性分析.植物科学学报,31(1):42-48.
袁月,傅德平,吕光辉.2008.新疆艾比湖湿地植被优势种种间关系研究.湿地科学,6(4):486-491.
张金屯.2004.数量生态学.北京:科学出版社.
张伟,王万林,胡玉昆,等.2011.新疆伊犁荒漠草原恢复措施下植物群落生态位特征分析.中国生态农业学报,19(2):358-362.
张悦,郭利平,易雪梅,等.2015.长白山北坡3个森林群落主要树种种间联结性.生态学报,35(1):106-115.
Breckle SW,Wucherer W.2012.Halophytes and salt desertification in the Aralkum Area//Breckle SW,Wucherer W,Dimeyeva LA,et al.,eds.Aralkum:A Man-Made Desert.Berlin:Springer:271-299.
Brooker RW,Maestre FT,Callaway RM,et al.2008.Facilitation in plant communities:The past,the present,and thefuture.Journal of Ecology,96:18-34.
Chesson P.2000.Mechanisms of maintenance of species diversity.Annual review of Ecology and Systematics,31:343-366.
Colwell RK,Futuyma DJ.1971.On the measurement of niche breadth and overlap.Ecology,52:567-576.
He Q,Cui BS,An Y.2011.The importance of facilitation in the zonation of shrubs along a coastal salinity gradient.Journal of Vegetation Science,22:828-836.
Hurlbert SH.1978.The measurement of niche overlap and some relatives.Ecology,59:67-77.
Hutchinson GE.1957.Concluding remarks//Hutchinson GE,ed.Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology.New Haven:Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press:415-427.
Legendre P,Legendre LFJ.2012.Numerical Ecology.3rd Ed.Amsterdam:Elsevier.
Lv SL,Jiang P,Chen XY,et al.2012.Multiple compartmentalization of sodium conferred salt tolerance in Salicornia europaea.Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,51:47-52.
Pianka ER.1973.The structure of lizard communities.Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,4:53-74.
Piernik A.2005.Vegetation-environment relations on inland saline habitats in Central Poland.Phytocoenologia,35:19-38.
Rogel JA,Ariza FA,Silla RO.2000.Soil salinity and moisture gradients and plant zonation in Mediterranean salt marshes of Southeast Spain.Wetlands,20:357-372.
Rousset O,Lepart J.2000.Positive and negative interactions at different life stages of a colonizing species(Quercus humilis).Journal of Ecology,88:401-412.
Schluter D.1984.A variance test for detecting species association with some example application.Ecology,65:998-1005.
Song J,Wang BS.2015.Using euhalophytes to understand salt tolerance and to develop saline agriculture:Suaeda salsa as a promising model.Annals of Botany,115:541-553.
Spies TA,Franklin JF,Klopsch M.1990.Canopy gaps in Douglas-fir forests of the Cascade Mountains.Canadian Journal of Forest Research,20:649-658.
Sui Y,He WM,Pan X,et al.2011.Partial mechanical stimulation facilitates the growth of the rhizomatous plant Leymus secalinus:Modulation by clonal integration.Annals of Botany,107:693-697.
Thomas DSG,Middleton NJ.1993.Salinization:New perspectives on a major desertification issue.Journal of Arid Environments,24:95-105.
Yu FH,Dong M.1999.Multi-scale distribution pattern of natural ramet population in the rhizomatous herb,Thermopsis lanceolata.Acta Botanica Sinica,41:1332-1338.
Zhang KB,Li R,Liu YF,et al.2008.Spatial pattern of a plant community in a wetland ecosystem in a semi-arid region in northwestern China.Frontiers of Forestry in China,3:326-333.