我国大别山区风电场群对局地气候影响研究初探——以湖北大悟为例
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摘要
选取大悟县风电场群及其周边地区3个气象站1993—2016年气温、风速、降水观测资料,采用可能受影响区和非受影响区气温差值、风速比值、降水比值法,分别对风电场群建设前后的各气象要素进行了对比分析,讨论了大悟县风电场群对当地气温、风速、降水的可能影响。结果表明:风电场群建设和运行对大悟县局地气温和风速有一定影响,其中气温明显上升,风速有所减小,但其影响程度小于年代际变化,降水量则未见显著影响。由于大悟县风电场群建成时间较短,且气象站的观测受到多种因素的影响,因此风电场群运行造成的局地气候效应有待更长时间观测统计分析及更多研究方法的验证。
Data of observed temperature, wind speed and precipitation from three meteorological stations in and around the Dawu wind farms from 1993 to 2016 were selected, and the temperature, wind speed and precipitation changes since the wind farms started producing energy were analyzed. The temperature, wind speed and precipitation before wind farms were operational were compared with those same factors after the wind farm became operational. The effect of the wind farm operations on regional climate was analyzed by temperature difference, wind speed ration, and precipitation ration between areas affected and unaffected by wind farm operation.The analysis showed that the local climate changed as a result of running the Dawu wind farms: temperature increased and wind speed decreased. However, the degree of influence is less than natural interdecadal variation in climate, and the wind farm operation had no significant effects on precipitation. Because the wind farms have only been operational for a short period of time, and observations from meteorological stations are subject to the impact of many factors, the local climatic effect caused by the construction of wind farms needs to be verified with observation statistics and analysis over a longer time.
Data of observed temperature, wind speed and precipitation from three meteorological stations in and around the Dawu wind farms from 1993 to 2016 were selected, and the temperature, wind speed and precipitation changes since the wind farms started producing energy were analyzed. The temperature, wind speed and precipitation before wind farms were operational were compared with those same factors after the wind farm became operational. The effect of the wind farm operations on regional climate was analyzed by temperature difference, wind speed ration, and precipitation ration between areas affected and unaffected by wind farm operation.The analysis showed that the local climate changed as a result of running the Dawu wind farms: temperature increased and wind speed decreased. However, the degree of influence is less than natural interdecadal variation in climate, and the wind farm operation had no significant effects on precipitation. Because the wind farms have only been operational for a short period of time, and observations from meteorological stations are subject to the impact of many factors, the local climatic effect caused by the construction of wind farms needs to be verified with observation statistics and analysis over a longer time.
引文
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[3]赵宗慈,罗勇,江滢.风电场对气候变化影响研究进展.气候变化研究进展,2011,7(6):400-406.[3]Zhao Z C,Luo Y,Jiang Y.Advances in assessment on impacts of wind farms upon climate change.Advances in Climate Change Research,2011,7(6):400-406.
[4]Zhou L M,Tian Y H,Roy S B.Impacts of wind farms on land surface temperature.Nature Climate Change,2012:539-543.
[5]刘磊,高晓清,陈伯龙,等.大规模风电场建成后对风能资源影响的研究.高原气象,2012,31(4):1139-1144.[5]Liu L,Gao X Q,Chen B L,et al.Preliminary estmates of wind energy resources deficit in large wind farm.Plateau Meteorology,2012,31(4):1139-1144.
[6]Frandsen S T,Jorgensen H E,Barthelmie R,et al.The making of a second generation wind farm efficiency model complex.Wind Energy,2009,12:445-458.
[7]Fiedler B H,Bukovsky M S.The effect of a giant wind farm on precipitation in a regional climate modle.Environmental Research Letters,2011,6:1-6.
[8]Armstrong A,Burton R R,Lee S E,et al.Ground-level climate at a peatland wind farm in Scotland is affected by wind turbine operation.Environmental Research Letters,2016,11(4):044024.
[9]Roy S B,Traiteur J J.Impacts of wind farms on surface air temperature.PNAS,2010,107(42):17899-17904.