长江三口-西洞庭湖环境因子对浮游植物群落组成的影响
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摘要
为了解长江三口及西洞庭湖浮游植物群落结构特征及主要环境影响因子,于2016年11月、2017年3月及8月对长江三口及西洞庭湖18个断面进行了浮游植物的调查,共检出6门72种,群落结构分析结果表明:浮游植物密度方面,在11月份最低,8月份最高,变化范围为1.32～275×10~4cells/L,平均密度为32.75×10~4cells/L,其中,长江三口平均密度为35.39×10~4cells/L,西洞庭湖为25.88×10~4cells/L;优势类群方面,长江三口以硅藻门的尖针杆藻(Synedra acus)、瞳孔舟形藻(Navicula pupula)、双头辐节藻(Stauroneis smithii Grun)为主,西洞庭湖则以蓝藻门的小席藻(Phormidium tenue),绿藻门的小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)、四尾栅藻(Scenedesmus quadricauda)为主;多样性方面,长江三口Shannon-Wienner指数及Margalef指数分别为1.31和1.01,西洞庭湖Shannon-Wienner指数及Margalef指数分别为1.40和1.10,通过对浮游植物和水环境因子数据进行CCA分析可知,水温(WT)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)是影响长江三口浮游植物分布的主要因素,而WT、pH值是影响西洞庭湖区浮游植物分布的主要因素.
To evaluate characteristics of phytoplankton community structure and main environmental impact factors in the "Sankou" of Yangtze River and the Western Dongting Lake, phytoplankton from 18 sampling sites which distributed in "Sankou" and Western Dongting Lake were investigated in November 2016, March and August 2017. 72 species of six phyla was detected, and the phytoplankton density was in a range from 1.32 to 275×10~4 cells/L with the lowest in November and the highest in August, which the average density was 32.75×10~4 cells/L. The average density in Sankou of Yangtze River and the West Dongting Lake were 35.39×10~4 cells/L and 25.88×10~4 cells/L, respectively. In terms of dominant groups, Synedra acus, Navicula pupula and Stauroneis smithii Grun dominated in "Sankou" of the Yangtze River, and the West Dongting Lake is dominated by the Phormidium tenue of Cyanophyta, Chlorella, vulgaris and Scenedesmus quadricauda of Chlorophyta. In terms of diversity, the Shannon-Wienner index and the Margalef index of the "Sankou" of the Yangtze River were 1.31 and 1.01, while that were 1.40 and 1.10 in the West Dongting Lake, respectively. The CCA analysis of phytoplankton and water environmental factors indicated that, water temperature(WT), total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP) were the main factors affecting the distribution of phytoplankton in "Sankou" of Yangtze River, while WT and pH were main factors of distribution phytoplankton in the Western Dongting Lake.
To evaluate characteristics of phytoplankton community structure and main environmental impact factors in the "Sankou" of Yangtze River and the Western Dongting Lake, phytoplankton from 18 sampling sites which distributed in "Sankou" and Western Dongting Lake were investigated in November 2016, March and August 2017. 72 species of six phyla was detected, and the phytoplankton density was in a range from 1.32 to 275×10~4 cells/L with the lowest in November and the highest in August, which the average density was 32.75×10~4 cells/L. The average density in Sankou of Yangtze River and the West Dongting Lake were 35.39×10~4 cells/L and 25.88×10~4 cells/L, respectively. In terms of dominant groups, Synedra acus, Navicula pupula and Stauroneis smithii Grun dominated in "Sankou" of the Yangtze River, and the West Dongting Lake is dominated by the Phormidium tenue of Cyanophyta, Chlorella, vulgaris and Scenedesmus quadricauda of Chlorophyta. In terms of diversity, the Shannon-Wienner index and the Margalef index of the "Sankou" of the Yangtze River were 1.31 and 1.01, while that were 1.40 and 1.10 in the West Dongting Lake, respectively. The CCA analysis of phytoplankton and water environmental factors indicated that, water temperature(WT), total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP) were the main factors affecting the distribution of phytoplankton in "Sankou" of Yangtze River, while WT and pH were main factors of distribution phytoplankton in the Western Dongting Lake.
引文
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[2]汪梦琪,汪金成,王琪,等.洞庭湖区平水期浮游生物群落结构特征及富营养化现状[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(8):2418-2429.Wang M Q,Wang J C,Wang Q,et al.Characteristics of plankton community structure and eutrophication status in Dongting Lake in the season with normal water level[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2018,37(8):2418-2429.
[3]董旭辉,羊向东,王荣.长江中下游地区湖泊富营养化的硅藻指示性属种[J].中国环境科学,2006,26(5):570-574.Dong X H,Yang X D,Wang R.Diatom indicative species of eutrophication of the lakes in the middle and lower reach regions of Yangtze River.[J].China Environmental Science,2006,26(5):570-574.
[4]孙凯峰,王娜,刘莉莉,等.基于四尾栅藻响应的有机磷农药生态风险评估[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(5):868-873.Sun K F,Wang N,Liu L L,et al.Ecological risks assessment of organophosphorus pesticides based on response of Scenedesmus quadricanda[J].China Environmental Science,2013,33(5):868-873.
[5]汪星,刘录三,李黎,等.镜泊湖浮游藻类组成及其与环境因子的相关分析[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(11):3403-3413.Wang X,Liu L S,Li L,et al.Correlation analysis of algae composition and environmental factors in Jingpo Lake[J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(11):3403-3413.
[6]汪星,郑丙辉,刘录三,等.洞庭湖典型断面藻类组成及其与环境因子典范对应分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(5):995-1002.Wang X,Zheng B H,Liu L S,et al.Canonical Correspondence Analysis of Algae Composition and Its Environmental Factors of Typical Sections in Dongting Lake,China[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2012,31(5):995-1002.
[7]Becker V,Caputo L,Ordonez J,et al.Driving factors of the phytoplankton functional groups in a deep Mediterranean reservoir[J].Water Research,2010,44(11):3345-3354.
[8]Quiblier C,Leboulanger C,Sane S,et al.Phytoplankton growth control and risk of cyanobacteria blooms in the lower Senegal River delta region[J].Water Research,2008,42(4/5):1023-1034.
[9]王岩,姜霞,李永峰,等.洞庭湖氮磷时空分布与水体营养状态特征[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(5):484-491.Wang Y,Jiang X,Li Y F,et al.Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Nitrogen and Phosphorus and Nutritional Characteristics of Water in Dongting Lake[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2014,27(5):484-491.
[10]Wang L,Liang T.Distribution patterns and dynamics of phosphorus forms in the overlying water and sediment of Dongting Lake[J].Journal of Great Lakes Research,2016,42(3):565-570.
[11]Zhang M W,Wang Y,Li B,et al.[Possible impacts of the Three Gorges Project and converting farmland into lake on the Microtus fortis population in Dongting Lake region][J].Asian Agricultural Research,2013,23(6):69-73.
[12]Liu J,Zhu C,Shi Y,et al.Surveillance of Schistosoma japonicum Infection in Domestic Ruminants in the Dongting Lake Region,Hunan Province,China[J].Plos One,2012,7(2):e31876.
[13]田琪,陈政.洞庭湖浮游植物群落结构调查与分析[J].当代水产,2007,32(8):30-32.Tian Q,Chen Z.Investigation and Analysis of Phytoplankton Community Structure in Dongting Lake[J].Current Fisheries,2007,32(8):30-32.
[14]张屹,袁根喜,龚正,等.东洞庭湖浮游植物特征调查[J].生物技术世界,2016,(3):29-29.Zhang Y,Yuan G X,Gong Z,et al.Survey of phytoplankton characteristics in Dongting Lake[J].Biotechworld,2016,(3):29-29.
[15]曾春芳,黄向荣,李小玲.南洞庭湖浮游生物资源调查[J].当代水产,2007,31(1):24-26.Zeng C F,Huang X R,Li X L.Survey of plankton resources in South Dongting Lake[J].Current Fisheries,2007,31(1):24-26.
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[19]Ce S.The mathematical theory of communication.1963[J].M.d.computing Computers in Medical Practice,1950,3(9):31-32.
[20]Aksnes D L,Wassmann P.Modeling the significance of zooplankton grazing for export production[J].Limnology&Oceanography,1993,38(5):978-985.
[21]Ter Braak C J F,Prentic I C.A theory of gradient analysis[J].Advances in Ecological Research,1986,18:271-317.
[22]Lopes M R M,Bicudo C E D M,Ferragut M C.Short term spatial and temporal variation of phytoplankton in a shallow tropical oligotrophic reservoir,southeast Brazil[J].Hydrobiologia,2005,542(1):235-247.
[23]Flores L N,Barone R.Phytoplankton dynamics in two reservoirs with different trophic state(Lake Rosamarina and Lake Arancio,Sicily,Italy)[J].Hydrobiologia,1998,369-370:163-178.
[24]张金屯.数量生态学.[M].2版.科学出版社,2011.
[25]Suykens J a K,Gestel T V,Vandewalle J,et al.A support vector machine formulation to PCA analysis and its kernel version[J].Neural Networks IEEE Transactions on,2003,14(2):447-450.
[26]Braak T,F C J.Canonical Correspondence Analysis:A New Eigenvector Technique for Multivariate Direct Gradient Analysis[J].Ecology,1986,67(5):1167-1179.
[27]Harris G P.Temporal and Spatial Scales in Phytoplankton Ecology.Mechanisms,Methods,Models,and Management[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1980,37(5):877-900.
[28]郑丙辉,张佳磊,王丽婧,等.大宁河水华敏感期浮游植物与环境因子关系[J].环境科学,2011,32(3):641-648.Zheng B H,Zhang J L,Wang L J,et al.Exploration of Relationships Between Phytoplankton and Related Environmental Factors in the Daning River During Sensitive Period of Algal Blooms[J].Environmental Science,2011,32(3):641-648.
[29]李哲,张曾宇,杨中华,等.三峡澎溪河回水区流速对藻类原位生长速率的影响[J].湖泊科学,2015,27(5):880-886.Li Z,Zhang Z Y,Yang Z H,et al.Effects of flow speed on the change of in situ growth rates of algae in Pengxi R iver Backwater zone,Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2015,27(5):880-886.
[30]陈永灿,俞茜,朱德军,等.河流中浮游藻类生长的可能影响因素研究进展与展望[J].水力发电学报,2014,33(4):186-195.Chen Y C,Yu Q,Zhu D J,et al.Possible influencing factors on phytoplankton growth and decay in rivers:review and perspective[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2014,33(4):186-195.
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