淤地坝柔性溢洪道泄流模型试验研究
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摘要
本文提出了一种新型复合PET材料以及柔性溢洪道布置型式,该材料具有良好的抗水流冲刷及防止土颗粒流失特性。进行了光滑、台阶两种型式柔性溢洪道泄流模型试验,作为对比试验还进行了无防护条件的坝体泄流模型试验。对比分析了光滑及台阶溢洪道的泄洪水流流态、消能率,结果表明柔性台阶溢洪道消能率明显高于光滑溢洪道。泄流前、后溢洪道的变形结果表明,两种溢洪道变形都很小,未发生破坏,结构稳定性良好。综合分析认为,柔性台阶溢洪道更适合工程应用。无防护条件的坝体泄流试验表明,在没有溢洪道保护的条件下,土坝坝体是不具备过水能力的,溢洪道保护坝体的作用明显。研究结果对柔性溢洪道向淤地坝工程推广提供了技术支撑。
In this paper, a new type of composite PET material and soft spillway layout is proposed,which has good characteristics of water erosion resistance and soil particle loss prevention. Two types of soft spillway discharge model tests of smooth surface and step are carried out. The flow patterns and energy dissipation ratio of the smooth and step spillway are compared and analyzed. The results show that the energy dissipation ratio of the soft step spillway is significantly higher than that of the smooth surface spillway.The deformation characteristics of the spillway before and after the discharge are also analyzed. The results show that,the two types of spillway deformations are small and structural stability of them are fine. Based on the comprehensive analysis,it is considered that the soft step spillway is more suitable to apply in the hydraulic engineering. The flow discharge experiment of an earth dam without protection shows that the earth dam without spillway has no capacity to flow discharge and the spillway plays an important role in the protection of the earth dam. The experimental results provide technical support for the promotion of the soft spillway to the check dam project.
In this paper, a new type of composite PET material and soft spillway layout is proposed,which has good characteristics of water erosion resistance and soil particle loss prevention. Two types of soft spillway discharge model tests of smooth surface and step are carried out. The flow patterns and energy dissipation ratio of the smooth and step spillway are compared and analyzed. The results show that the energy dissipation ratio of the soft step spillway is significantly higher than that of the smooth surface spillway.The deformation characteristics of the spillway before and after the discharge are also analyzed. The results show that,the two types of spillway deformations are small and structural stability of them are fine. Based on the comprehensive analysis,it is considered that the soft step spillway is more suitable to apply in the hydraulic engineering. The flow discharge experiment of an earth dam without protection shows that the earth dam without spillway has no capacity to flow discharge and the spillway plays an important role in the protection of the earth dam. The experimental results provide technical support for the promotion of the soft spillway to the check dam project.
引文
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[16]张志昌,曾东洋,郑阿漫,等.台阶式溢洪道滑行水流压强特性的试验研究[J].水动力学研究与进展(A辑),2003(5):652-659.
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[20] ROBERT M Boes,WILLI H ager,et al. Hydraulic design of stepped spillways[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2003,129(9):617-679.
[21] STEFAN Felder,HUBERT Chanson. Energy dissipation down a stepped spillway with nonuniform step heights[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2011,137(11):1543-1548.
[22] ZHANG Gangfu,HUBERT Chanson. Effects of cavity shapes on aeration and energy dissipation performances of stepped chutes[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2018,144(9):04018060.
[2]冉大川,左仲国,上官周平.黄河中游多沙粗沙区淤地坝拦减粗泥沙分析[J].水利学报,2006,37(4):443-450.
[3]魏霞,李占斌,沈冰,等.陕北子洲县典型淤地坝淤积过程和降雨关系的研究[J].农业工程学报,2006(9):80-84.
[4]方学敏,万兆惠,匡尚富.黄河中游淤地坝拦沙机理及作用[J].水利学报,1998(10):50-54.
[5]杨吉山,姚文艺,郑明国,等.岔巴沟淤地坝小流域重力侵蚀产沙量分析[J].水利学报,2017,48(2):241-245.
[6]刘晓燕,高云飞,马三保,等.黄土高原淤地坝的减沙作用及其时效性[J].水利学报,2018,49(2):145-155.
[7]李莉,王峰,孙维营,等.黄土高原淤地坝水毁问题分析[J].中国水土保持,2014(10):20-22.
[8]李靖,张金柱,王晓. 20世纪70年代淤地坝水毁灾害原因分析[J].中国水利,2003(17):55-56,32.
[9]魏霞,李占斌,沈冰,等.淤地坝建设中的水毁问题及其防御措施[J].水资源与水工程学报,2004(4):55-59.
[10]张勇.淤地坝在陕北黄土高原综合治理中地位和作用研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2007.
[11]张泽宇.淤地坝放水建筑物水流特性与溃坝洪水过程模拟研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2017.
[12]刘宁.扎实开展前期工作有序推进病险淤地坝除险加固工程建设[J].中国水土保持,2016(6):1-3.
[13] RICE C E,KADAVY K C. Model study of a roller compacted concrete stepped spillway[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1997,123(6):292-297.
[14] PEGRAM G G S,OFFICER A K,MOTTRAM S R. Hydraulics of skimming flow on modeled stepped spillways[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1999,125(5):500-510.
[15]田嘉宁.台阶式泄水建筑物水力特性试验研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2005.
[16]张志昌,曾东洋,郑阿漫,等.台阶式溢洪道滑行水流压强特性的试验研究[J].水动力学研究与进展(A辑),2003(5):652-659.
[17]于进伟.台阶式溢洪道水力特性新探[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2018.
[18] CHEN Z,MA L,SHU Y,et al. Back analysis of the draining process of the tangjiashan barrier lake[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2015,141(4):05014011-14.
[19]吴持恭.水力学(上册)[M]. 4版.北京:高等教育出版社,2008.
[20] ROBERT M Boes,WILLI H ager,et al. Hydraulic design of stepped spillways[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2003,129(9):617-679.
[21] STEFAN Felder,HUBERT Chanson. Energy dissipation down a stepped spillway with nonuniform step heights[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2011,137(11):1543-1548.
[22] ZHANG Gangfu,HUBERT Chanson. Effects of cavity shapes on aeration and energy dissipation performances of stepped chutes[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2018,144(9):04018060.