水盐胁迫对裸果木种子萌发的影响
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摘要
以裸果木(Gymnocarpos przewalskii)种子为供试材料,在渗透势分别为-0. 3、-0. 5、-0. 7、-0. 9、-1. 2MPa条件下,以蒸馏水为对照(0 MPa),分析模拟水分(PEG-6000)和盐分(Na Cl)胁迫对种子萌发的影响,以确定其耐旱性和耐盐性。结果表明:两种胁迫均使裸果木种子的萌发受到明显抑制,聚乙二醇(PEG)胁迫使种子的萌发指数、活力指数和胚根长度均显著降低,渗透势≤-0. 7 MPa时,萌发率显著下降。Na Cl胁迫下萌发指数和胚根长度均显著降低,渗透势≤-0. 9 MPa时,萌发率显著降低,萌发指数、活力指数和胚根长度对水盐胁迫敏感,可作为评价裸果木种子萌发耐旱耐盐性的主要指标。等渗条件下,渗透势为-0. 7 MPa和-0. 9 MPa时,PEG胁迫下种子萌发率、活力指数、胚轴长度显著低于Na Cl胁迫;渗透势≤-0. 7 MPa时,PEG处理的发芽势、萌发指数明显低于Na Cl处理,说明影响裸果木种子萌发的主要因素是渗透胁迫,而不是离子毒害。种子萌发耐受PEG胁迫的临界值为-0. 8 MPa,极限值为-1. 1 MPa;耐受Na Cl胁迫的临界值为-1. 5 MPa,极限值为-2. 2 MPa,表明裸果木种子萌发期的耐盐性大于耐旱性。
In this study,the effects of simulated water( PEG-6000) and salt( NaCl) stresses on seed germination of Gymnocarpos przewalskii were analyzed so as to determine its drought and salt tolerance by designing the osmotic potentials of-0. 3,-0. 5,-0. 7,-0. 9 and-1. 2 MPa and distilled water as control(0 MPa). The result showed that the seed germination of G. przewalskii was inhibited significantly by the two stresses. PEG stress reduced significantly the seed germination index,vigor index and radicle length. When the osmotic potential was ≤-0. 7 MPa,the germination rate was significantly decreased. Germination index and radicle length were decreased significantly under NaCl stress. When the osmotic potential was ≤-0. 9 MPa,the germination rate was significantly reduced. Germination index,vigor index and radicle length were sensitive to salt and water stresses and could be used as the main indexes to evaluate the drought and salt tolerance of G. przewalskii seeds. Under iso-osmotic condition,when the osmotic potentials were-0. 7 MPa and-0. 9 MPa,the germination rate,vigor index and hypocotyl length of PEG stress were significantly lower than those of NaCl stress; when the osmotic potential was ≤-0. 7 MPa,the germination potential and germination index under PEG treatment were significantly lower than those under NaCl treatment,which indicated that the main factors affecting seed germination was osmotic stress rather than ionic toxicity. The critical and limit values of seed germination were-0. 8 MPa and-1. 1 MPa respectively under PEG stress,and they were-1. 5 MPa and-2. 2 MPa under NaCl stress. Which indicated that the salt tolerance of seed germination of G. przewalskii was higher than drought tolerance.
In this study,the effects of simulated water( PEG-6000) and salt( NaCl) stresses on seed germination of Gymnocarpos przewalskii were analyzed so as to determine its drought and salt tolerance by designing the osmotic potentials of-0. 3,-0. 5,-0. 7,-0. 9 and-1. 2 MPa and distilled water as control(0 MPa). The result showed that the seed germination of G. przewalskii was inhibited significantly by the two stresses. PEG stress reduced significantly the seed germination index,vigor index and radicle length. When the osmotic potential was ≤-0. 7 MPa,the germination rate was significantly decreased. Germination index and radicle length were decreased significantly under NaCl stress. When the osmotic potential was ≤-0. 9 MPa,the germination rate was significantly reduced. Germination index,vigor index and radicle length were sensitive to salt and water stresses and could be used as the main indexes to evaluate the drought and salt tolerance of G. przewalskii seeds. Under iso-osmotic condition,when the osmotic potentials were-0. 7 MPa and-0. 9 MPa,the germination rate,vigor index and hypocotyl length of PEG stress were significantly lower than those of NaCl stress; when the osmotic potential was ≤-0. 7 MPa,the germination potential and germination index under PEG treatment were significantly lower than those under NaCl treatment,which indicated that the main factors affecting seed germination was osmotic stress rather than ionic toxicity. The critical and limit values of seed germination were-0. 8 MPa and-1. 1 MPa respectively under PEG stress,and they were-1. 5 MPa and-2. 2 MPa under NaCl stress. Which indicated that the salt tolerance of seed germination of G. przewalskii was higher than drought tolerance.
引文
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[15]杨赵平,梁继业,柴学平,等.环境因子对珍稀濒危植物裸果木种子萌发特性的影响[J].西南林业大学学报,2017,37(1):49-53.[Yang Zhaoping,Liang Jiye,Chai Xueping,et al. Influence of environmental factors on seed germination of endangered plant Gymnocarpos przewalskii[J]. Journal of Southwest Forestry University,2017,37(1):49-53.]
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[20]宋彬,胡安鸿,海利力·库尔班.温度及盐胁迫对新疆两种沙棘种子萌发的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2017,39(6):1 196-1 204.[Song Bin,Hu Anhong,Hailil·Kurban. Influence of temperature and salt stress on seed germination of two species of Hippophae rhamnoides L. in Xinjiang[J]. Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2017,39(6):1 196-1 204.]
[21]刘有军,刘世增,康才周,等.青海云杉种子萌发特性[J].干旱区研究,2013,30(5):877-881.[Liu Youjun,Liu Shizeng,Kang Caizhou,et al. Seed germination of Picea crassifolia Kom.[J]. Arid Zone Research,2013,30(5):877-881.]
[22]严子柱,李得禄,满多清,等. PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫对铃铛刺和披针叶野决明种子萌发的影响[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(1):88-94.[Yan Zizhu,Li Delu,Man Duoqing,et al. Effects of simulated drought stress by PEG-6000 on seed germination of Halimodendron halodendron and Thermopsis lanceolata[J]. Arid Zone Research,2017,34(1):88-94.]
[23]王志才,牙库甫江·阿西木,王艳,等.水盐胁迫对花花柴种子萌发的影响[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(3):750-755.[Wang Zhicai,Yakupujiang Aximu,Wang Yan,et al. Effects of salt and water stresses on seed germination of Karilinia casp[J]. Journal of Desert Research,2012,32(3):750-755.]
[24]Badawi G H,Yamauchi Y,Shimada E,et al. Enhanced tolerance to salt stress and water deficit by over expressing superoxide dismutase in tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum)chloroplasts[J]. Plant Science,2004,166(4):919-928.
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[2]柴永青,曹致中,蔡卓山,等.肃北地区裸果木荒漠群落构成特征及物种多样性研究[J].草业学报,2010,19(1):21-27.[Chai Yongqing,Cao Zhizhong,Cai Zhuoshan,et al. A study on species diversity of a Gymnocarpos przewalskii community in the Subei desert[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2010,19(1):21-27.]
[3] Ma S M,Zhang M L,Chen X. Predicting the potential distribution patterns of the rare plant Gymnocarpos przewalskii under present and future climate change[C]∥International Conference on Consumer Electronics,2011:1 513-1 514.
[4]李建国,濮励杰,朱明,等.土壤盐渍化研究现状及未来研究热点[J].地理学报,2012,67(9):1 233-1 245.[Li Jianguo,Pu Lijie,Zhu Ming,et al. The present situation and hot issues in the salt-affected soil research[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica,2012,67(9):1 233-1 245.]
[5]马巧利,孙彦,杨青川,等. Na Cl和等渗PEG-4000胁迫对紫花苜蓿种子发芽及生理活性的影响[J].草地学报,2012,20(3):547-552.[Ma Qiaoli,Sun Yan,Yang Qingchuan,et al. Influence of Na Cl and osmotic PEG-4000 stress on seed germination of Medicago sativa[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica,2012,20(3):547-552.]
[6]李娟.珍稀濒危植物裸果木群落物种多样性及其形态解剖学研究[D].临汾:山西师范大学,2012.[Li Juan. The Studies on Species Diversity and Morphology and Anatomy of the Rare Endangered Plants of Gymnocarpos przewalskii Maxim[D]. Linfen:Shanxi Normal University,2012.]
[7]张玲卫,刘会良,盛建东.埋藏对10种短命植物种子萌发特性的影响[J].干旱区研究,2018,35(3):633-639.[Zhang Lingwei,Liu Huiliang,Sheng Jiandong,et al. Effect of burial on seed germination traits of 10 ephemeral plant species[J]. Arid Zone Research,2018,35(3):633-639.]
[8]李利,张希明,何兴元.胡杨种子萌发和胚根生长对环境因子变化的响应[J].干旱区研究,2005,22(4):104-109.[Li Li,Zhang Ximing,He Xingyuan. Effects of salinity and water potential on seed germination and radicle growth of riparian Populus euphratica[J]. Arid Zone Research,2005,22(4):104-109.]
[9]宗莉,甘霖,康玉茹,等.盐分、干旱及其交互胁迫对黑果枸杞发芽的影响[J].干旱区研究,2015,32(3):499-503.[Zong Li,Gan Lin,Kang Yuru,et al. Salt and drought stress effect and their interaction on germination of Lycium ruthenicum Murr.[J].Arid Zone Research,2015,32(3):499-503.]
[10]渠晓霞,黄振英.盐生植物种子萌发对环境的适应对策[J].生态学报,2005,25(9):2 389-2 398.[Qu Xiaoxia,Huang Zhenying. The adaptive strategies of halophyte seed germination[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(9):2 389-2 398.]
[11]王景伟,金喜军,杜文言,等.干旱胁迫对芸豆种子萌发及生理特性的影响[J].干旱区研究,2014,31(4):734-738.[Wang Jingwei,Jin Xijun,Du Wenyan,et al. Effect of drought stress on germination and physiological properties of Phaseolus coccineus seeds[J]. Arid Zone Research,2014,31(4):734-738.]
[12]杨景宁.水分和盐分胁迫对四种荒漠植物种子萌发的影响[D].兰州:兰州大学,2007.[Yang Jingning. Effects of Water and Salt Stress on Seed Germination of Four Desert Plant Species[D]. Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2007.]
[13]王丽敏,张霞,张富春.水盐胁迫对盐穗木种子萌发的影响[J].种子,2013,32(12):6-10.[Wang Limin,Zhang Xia,Zhang Fuchun. Effects of water and salt stress on seed germination of Halostachys caspica[J]. Seed,2013,32(12):6-10.]
[14]穆延召,彭云玲,李玥,等. Na Cl胁迫对玉米杂交种子萌发的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2013,48(6):40-44.[Mu Yanzhao,Peng Yunling,Li Yue,et al. Effect of Na Cl stress on seed germination of two maize hybrids[J]. Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,2013,48(6):40-44.]
[15]杨赵平,梁继业,柴学平,等.环境因子对珍稀濒危植物裸果木种子萌发特性的影响[J].西南林业大学学报,2017,37(1):49-53.[Yang Zhaoping,Liang Jiye,Chai Xueping,et al. Influence of environmental factors on seed germination of endangered plant Gymnocarpos przewalskii[J]. Journal of Southwest Forestry University,2017,37(1):49-53.]
[16]连转红,杨海莉,吴芳明,等. Na Cl或PEG胁迫对裸果木种子萌发的影响[J].中国水土保持科学,2017,15(6):89-96.[Lian Zhuanhong,Yang Haili,Wu Fangming,et al. Effect of Na Cl or PEG stress on seed germination of Gymnocarpos przewalskii[J].Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,15(6):89-96.]
[17]Michel B E,Kaufmann M R. The osmotic potential of polyethylene glycol 6 000[J]. Plant Physiology,1973,51:914-916.
[18]Michel B E,Radcliffe D. A computer program relating solute potential to solution composition for five solutes[J]. Agronomy Journal1995,87(1):126-130.
[19]陈培玉.盐碱胁迫对紫穗槐种子萌发及幼苗的影响[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2013.[Chen Peiyu. Effect of Saline-alkali Stress on Germination and Seedling of Amorpha fruticosa Seeds[D]. Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University,2013.]
[20]宋彬,胡安鸿,海利力·库尔班.温度及盐胁迫对新疆两种沙棘种子萌发的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2017,39(6):1 196-1 204.[Song Bin,Hu Anhong,Hailil·Kurban. Influence of temperature and salt stress on seed germination of two species of Hippophae rhamnoides L. in Xinjiang[J]. Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2017,39(6):1 196-1 204.]
[21]刘有军,刘世增,康才周,等.青海云杉种子萌发特性[J].干旱区研究,2013,30(5):877-881.[Liu Youjun,Liu Shizeng,Kang Caizhou,et al. Seed germination of Picea crassifolia Kom.[J]. Arid Zone Research,2013,30(5):877-881.]
[22]严子柱,李得禄,满多清,等. PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫对铃铛刺和披针叶野决明种子萌发的影响[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(1):88-94.[Yan Zizhu,Li Delu,Man Duoqing,et al. Effects of simulated drought stress by PEG-6000 on seed germination of Halimodendron halodendron and Thermopsis lanceolata[J]. Arid Zone Research,2017,34(1):88-94.]
[23]王志才,牙库甫江·阿西木,王艳,等.水盐胁迫对花花柴种子萌发的影响[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(3):750-755.[Wang Zhicai,Yakupujiang Aximu,Wang Yan,et al. Effects of salt and water stresses on seed germination of Karilinia casp[J]. Journal of Desert Research,2012,32(3):750-755.]
[24]Badawi G H,Yamauchi Y,Shimada E,et al. Enhanced tolerance to salt stress and water deficit by over expressing superoxide dismutase in tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum)chloroplasts[J]. Plant Science,2004,166(4):919-928.
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